初中英語動詞不定式用法梳理及練習(xí)題

1、初中英語動詞不定式用法動詞不定式是由“不定式符號 to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。有些動詞不定式不帶 to，動詞不定式可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、定語、補語、狀語或單獨使用。不定式保留動詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。動詞不定式和它后面的賓語、狀語等一起構(gòu)成短語，叫作不定式短語。一、用作主語直接把動詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數(shù)情況用 it 作形式主語，把真正的主語動詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語較長時。動詞不定式作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。帶疑問詞的不定式短語作主語常置于句首，復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語常置于句末。如：1. I t is our duty to t

2、ry our best to deal with these problems.2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.3.How to learn English wellis important.4.To see is to believe.(眼見為實；百聞不如一見)二、用作表語動詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。如：1.The best way is to join an English club.2.The first thing is to listen to the teacher

3、 carefully.三、用作賓語1.可以接帶 to 的動詞不定式作賓語的動詞主要有：要求選擇同意 (ask, choose, agree)，期望決定學(xué)習(xí) (expect, hope, decide, learn)，寧可假裝知道 (prefer, pretend, know) ，希望想要愿意 (wish, want, would like / love) 。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to vi

4、sit Mexico.2.動詞 decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell. ，介詞結(jié)構(gòu) on.可用疑問詞帶 to 的不定式短語作賓語，但 why 后面的不定式不帶 to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.3.動詞 feel, find, make, think 等后面，可以用 it 作形式賓語代替真正的賓語動詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是 .feel / find / make

5、 / . it+adj. / n.+to do. 。如：I find it difficult to remember everything.4.既可接動詞不定式又可接 ving 形式作賓語，意思差別不太大的動詞有 begin, start, like, love 等。一般說來，動詞不定式表一次、數(shù)次的具體動作、將來動作或動作的全過程， ving 形式表習(xí)慣性的連續(xù)動作。但是這種區(qū)別并不很嚴格，特別是美國英語，即使是習(xí)慣性的動作也可以用動詞不定式。如：1) Then I started to watch Tv.2) I am beginning to understand my parents

6、.begin 用了進行時態(tài)， 后面只接不定式作賓語， 表示事情剛開始， 還要繼續(xù)下去。3) I like to eat vegetables.感知動詞 like, love, know 等一般不用進行時態(tài)。5.后接動詞不定式或 ving 形式作賓語，意思差別較大的動詞有 forget, remember 等。后接不定式作賓語，表動作尚未發(fā)生；后接 ving 形式作賓語，表動作已經(jīng)1發(fā)生。 stop to do 停下來做另外一件事， to do 是目的狀語； stop doing 停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件事， doing 是賓語。try to do 盡力做， try doing 試試看；go on

7、to do 接著做另外的事， go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來的事。如：1)When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me. 2)I stopped using them last year.四、用作定語1.句子的主語或賓語是動詞不定式的邏輯主語， 不定式與其所修飾的名詞、 代詞等存在邏輯的動賓關(guān)系 .1)I have so many clothes to wash today.2)I can tthink of any good advice to give her. 3)We have no houses to live in. 2.動詞不定

8、式所修飾的名詞是 place, time, way 等時，不定式與這些名詞呈現(xiàn)出動狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。如： 1)He needs time to do homework.2) He wants to know the best way to travel around the city.3.在“ there be.”句型里，句子的主語是動詞不定式動作的對象：1)There s just so much to see and do here.2). but there are still many things to do there.五、用作賓語補足語1.帶 to 的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞

9、主要有：要求允許提議 (ask, allow, , advise)，期望邀請鼓勵 (expect, , invite, encourage)，教導(dǎo)告訴想要 (teach, tell, want) ，等待希望愿意 (wait for, wish, would like / love) 。如：1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.2.動詞不定式作補語，在主動語態(tài)句里不帶 to ，被動語態(tài)句里帶 to 時多數(shù)動詞是感官動詞和使役動詞，包

10、括四“看” ：look at, observe, see, watch，三“讓”：have, let, make，二“聽”：hear, listen to ，一“感覺”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如： 1)This picture makes me feel excited ！2)We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.3.help 后接動詞不定式作補語，to 可帶可不帶。1) they can help you to learn English. 2)Using email English helps you write quickly.六、用作

11、狀語1.目的狀語，置于句首或句末，置于句首時常表示強調(diào)。如：1)In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early.2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question.3)She came to this city to visit her daughter.2.原因狀語，多見于“ sb.+be+adj.+to do. ”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1) I feel very lucky to have him.2) he ran out of money to buy o

12、ld bikes.3.結(jié)果狀語，多見于“ too.to”，“ enough to.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1) I m too tired to do it well.2)The room is big enough for three people to live in.七、動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“ for / of sb. to do sth. ”， for / of 引出不定式動作的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是 of，主要決定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說來，of2前面的形容詞是 careful, clever,

13、 foolish, good, kind, nice, wise 等，既說明人的特性，又說明不定式動作的特性。 for 前面的形容詞是 dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary 等，一般說明不定式動作的特性，前面如果是名詞用 for 。如：1.It s a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening. 2.It s wise of him to do it well.3)Is

14、it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog?八、帶疑問詞的不定式短語動詞不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞what, which,who 或疑問副詞how, when,where, why 等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語、主語、表語等，或者單獨使用。要注意的是， why 后面的不定式不帶 to。如：1.用作句子的成分。1)I don t know what to try next. ( 作賓語 )2)Where to go is not decided yet.( 作主語 )2.單獨使用時相當(dāng)于一個特殊疑問句。1)What to do

15、 next?(=What will we / you do next?2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?九、動詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是 not / never to do. ，不帶 to 的不定式的否定式是 not / never do.如：1.They decide not to talk to each other.2.His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street.單項選擇：（）1. The teacher told them _ make so much noise

16、.A. don tB. notC. will notD. not to（）2. My mother often tells me _so many mistakes.A. not to makeB. to not makeC. donmaketD. not make（）3. Tell him _ the window.A. to shut ( 關(guān) )notB. not to shutC. to not shutD. not shut（）4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_. A

17、. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not to（）5. Mrs Smith warned(警告 ) her daughter _ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driveC. never drivingD. never drive（） 6. The doctorasked the patient _rich food after the operation(手術(shù) ).A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating（）7. The work

18、ers want us _ together with them.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked（）8. I saw him _ out of the room.A. goB. wentC.is goingD. goes（）9. He often makes his little sister _,A. cryB. cryingC. criedD. to cry（）10 Therereso many kinds of new bikeson sale that I cant make up mymind _ to buy.A. whatB. which

19、C. how D. where3（）11. He cantdecide_ to stay or not.A. whetherB. ifC. eitherD. if he will（）12. - The light in the office is still on.- Oh, I forgot _.A. turning it offB. turn it off C. to turn it off D. turned it off（）13. We agreed _ here.A. metB. meetingC. to meetD. meet（）14. Frank is the kind of p

20、erson who people like to _.A. make friend with B. make friends of C. make friends D. make friends with（）15. Go on _ the other exercise after you finishthis one.A. to doB. doingC.doesD. did（）16. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rockA. restedB. restingC. to restD. rest（）17. Tom k

21、ept quiet about the accident because he was afraid of_ hisjob.A. loseB. to loseC. losingD. lost（）18. I need a day or two _.A. to think it overB. to think overC. of thinking（）19. He was too excited _.A. speakB. to speakC. not to speakD. speaking（） 20. I m hungry. Get me something _.A. eat B. to eat C

22、. eating D. for eating （ ）21. - I usually go there by train.- Why not _ by boat for a change ?A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and go D. try going（）22. I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that we could go over allthe problems.A. spendB. spareC. saveD. share（） 23. They won t lethis mother _him in that way.