高中一年級英語(下)第一冊第六七八單元

1、unit 6 good manners language pointslanguage points (1) 用作可數(shù)名詞，意思是“方法”，“方式”， 通常用單數(shù)形式。 i love duck cooked in chinese manner. 我喜歡吃中國燒法的鴨子。 (2) 用作可數(shù)名詞，意思是“舉止”，“態(tài)度”， 常用單數(shù)形式。 i dont like his manner. its too rude. (3) 用作復(fù)數(shù)形式，意思是“禮貌”，“規(guī)矩”。 it is bad manners to speak loudly in public. ill-mannered / well-man

2、nered / rough-mannered 1. manner 2. apologize apologize: apologize ( to sb.) ( for sth.) you must apologize to her for your being so rude. apology: offer / make / accept / refuse an apology 表示/從事/接受/拒絕道歉 offer sb. an apology 向某人道歉 make an apology ( to sb.) 考題點擊：考題點擊： the child was told to _ for bein

3、g impolite. a. excuse b. praise c. thank d. apologize d 用作名詞，意思是“感恩，感謝感恩，感謝”，通常用作 不可數(shù)名詞。 常見短語out of gratitude，意思是“出于感謝出于感謝”。 express ones gratitude to sbfor sth. 意思是“為某事對某人表示感謝”。 he expressed his gratitude to me for my help 他為我對他的幫助表示感謝。 out of gratitude，he invited me to dinner 出于感激，他邀請我吃飯。 3gratitu

4、de i introduced myself to them his works began to be introduced into china forty years ago 辨析辨析 introduce.to., o. introduce.to.把某人或某物介紹給某人 to 后面接人作介詞賓語。后面接人作介詞賓語。 first i introduce myself to you all o.把某物傳入或引進某地方 into后面接地點作介詞賓語。后面接地點作介詞賓語。 tobacco was introduced into europe

5、 from america。 4introduce 用作及物動詞，意思是“原諒，寬恕，饒恕”。 will you forgive my mistake? 辨析辨析forgive，excuse，pardon forgive“原諒”，指寬恕他人對自己的冒犯。 excuse“原諒”，指寬恕小的過失。 pardon“原諒”，指寬恕嚴(yán)重的過失。 we must pardon him for his faults excuse me for coming so late we may forgive their mistakes 5forgive (1) 通常用作可數(shù)名詞，意思是“印象，感想印象，感想”，

6、 he made a strong impression on (upon) us (2) impression的動詞是 impress，意思是“留下印 象”。常用短語 impress sth. on (upon) sb“某 事給某人留下印象”。 what he did was greatly impressed on (upon) us the girl impressed her sense of humour on (upon) her friends 6impression (1) 用作動詞，意思是“行為，舉止，行為好”。 he behaves badly 他行為壞。 (2) beha

7、ve 的名詞名詞是 behavior，意思是“行為，舉 止，態(tài)度”。 the boy is always on his good behavior 那個男孩一直舉止規(guī)矩。 7behave (1) 用作動詞，意思是“打開，攤開打開，攤開”。 the teacher unfolded the map and looked for the great wall (2) 英語中前綴 im-，non-，un- 等表示否定否定含義， 通常用在形容詞或動詞前面。 possible 可能的impossible 不可能的 stop 停止nonstop 不停止 fit 勝任unfit 不勝任 fold 折疊unf

8、old 展開，打開 8unfold (1) 用作副詞，意思是“可是，依然可是，依然”。 i would like to go with you，however, i am very busy 我很想和你一塊兒去，可是我很忙。 (2) 用作副詞，意思是“無論如何，不管怎樣無論如何，不管怎樣”。 however cold it is，he likes swimming in winter 不管天氣多冷，他喜歡冬天游泳。 9however 用作動詞，意思是“跟隨，跟從，遵循，遵從，順 著走”。 the boy followed his mother up the stairs follow my a

9、dvice，please. follow this road to the stone bridge. 常見的與常見的與 follow連用的短語連用的短語 follow these customs follow the rules follow ones example follow ones advice follow this road follow sb. / what one said 10follow 注意注意follow作狀語時的用法：作狀語時的用法： the doctor came in, followed by several nurses. 醫(yī)生進來了，身后跟著幾個護士。 s

10、everal nurses came in, following the doctor. 幾個護士跟在醫(yī)生身后進來了。 there is a thunder following the lightning. 閃電過后，緊接著打了一個響雷。 名詞，意思是“風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗”，“習(xí)慣”， social customs vary greatly from country to country 常用作復(fù)數(shù)，意思為“海關(guān)海關(guān)”， how long will it take us to pass the customs? customer 顧客顧客 the waiters are kind to th

11、e customers 11custom 辨析辨析 custom，habit，hobby 這三個詞都有 “習(xí)慣” 的意思，但含義有一 定 的不同。 custom 通常指大范圍、長時間形成的風(fēng)俗和 習(xí)慣。 habit 通常指個人短時間的習(xí)慣。 hobby 通常指“愛好”。 the spring festival is a custom in east asia he formed a habit of getting up early reading is his hobby 1.he has formed the _ of smoking after meals. 2.it is the _

12、in china to eat dumplings during the spring festival. 3.he has fallen into the _ of getting up late. 4.they broke some of the old _. habit custom habit custom 12. provide / supply 表示“提供、供給”的意思時，這兩 個 詞同義。但 supply只能是提供具體的東西， 而 provide 還可指提供經(jīng)驗、機會、幫助等 抽象概念。結(jié)構(gòu)為： provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for s

13、b. supply sb. with sth. / supply sth. to (for) sb. 用作動詞，意思是“允許，準(zhǔn)許”，后面通常 接動詞動詞 ing 作賓語作賓語，或后接賓語和賓語補足語， 賓語補足語通常由不定式充當(dāng)賓語補足語通常由不定式充當(dāng)。 其結(jié)構(gòu)為：其結(jié)構(gòu)為： allow / permit / forbid doing sth. allow / permit / forbid sb. to do sth. e.g. 1. they dont allow smoking here. 2. the teachers dont allow us to cheat in the e

14、xam 13allow 辨析辨析 allow，permit，let 這三個詞都表示“允許”，但含義和用法上有一定區(qū)別。 allow 詞義較弱，含有“聽任，默許，不加阻止”的含義。 he allowed the dog to come in. 他聽任狗進來。 permit 詞義較強，強調(diào) “正式認(rèn)可，批準(zhǔn)” 的含義。 the school doesnt permit the students to smoke 學(xué)校嚴(yán)禁學(xué)生抽煙。 let 表示“讓”，詞義最弱，口語化，在 let 后面的賓語補 足語常不帶 to，而且let 一般不用于被動語態(tài)。 let me go with you 讓我跟你一起去

15、。 (1) 用作不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“布，布料，織物布，布料，織物”。 the girl wanted to buy a piece of cloth. 那個姑娘想買一塊衣料。 (2) 用作可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞，意思是“一塊布一塊布，臺布，抹 布”。 the waiter took off the table cloth. 服務(wù)生取下桌布。 (3) clothes 復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)（沒有單數(shù)） i have a lot of clothes to wash after school. 14cloth (1)用作動詞，既可用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物 動詞，意思是“盯，凝視”。 it is impo

16、lite to stare at other people the teacher stared the whole class into silence (2) look, stare, glare, gaze, glance的比較 look:看(無感情色彩) gaze:凝視 stare:盯著(好奇,無禮) glace:一瞥,掃視,瀏覽 glare:瞪著(憤怒,怒視) 15stare none 用于指人和物，可與可與 of 短語連用，用作單 數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。 “how many elephants did you see in the park?” “none” no one 只能指人，不能與不能

17、與 of 連用，用作單數(shù)。 no one knows what they fought for nothing 用于指物，不與不與 of 連用，通常泛指 “沒有什么事情或東西”，用作單數(shù)。 nothing can change the world 16. none，no one，nothing none 用于回答 how many / much 提問 nobody = no one 用于回答who 提問 nothing 用于回答 what 提問 eg. - how much water is left? - none. - is there anyone in the classroom? -

18、 no one. - who is playing in the playground? - nobody. none of his friends have/has been to paris. _ likes a person with bad manners. _ of his friends came to help him. almost _ believes him. _ of them has / have seen him. - how much coal is left? - _. - who entered the room? - _. - how many student

19、s are there in the classroom? - _. no one none no one none none no one none sometimes 副詞，表示“有時候，不時”。 sometimes he went to work by car and sometimes by train sometimes he is late for class sometime 副詞，表示“曾經(jīng)，某時，有朝一日”，常同過 去時或?qū)頃r連用，表示過去或未來某一不肯定的時間。 it happened sometime 1ast year will you come and see me

20、 sometime next month? some time名詞詞組，表示“一段時間”。 it will take me some time to read the novel there is some time left. 17. sometimes，sometime，some time at table 表示 “吃飯，就餐吃飯，就餐”。 you shouldnt speak loudly at table. 吃飯時你不該高聲講話。 at the (a) table 表示“在桌子旁在桌子旁”。 he sat at the table，reading a novel 他坐在桌子旁，看小說。

21、 it is bad manners to blow your nose at table 進餐時擤鼻子是很不雅觀的舉止。 18. at table 與與 at the table 19. drink to drink to 為為而干杯而干杯 祝酒用語，用于不太正式的場合不太正式的場合，to 為介詞，后接 名詞。 i drink to your success. lets drink to the good harvest this year. 讓我們?yōu)榻衲甑拇筘S收干杯。 注意：注意：正式場合正式場合下要用：id like to propose a toast to 或或 i now prop

22、ose a toast to id like to propose a toast to the health of the guests. 我提議為來賓的健康干杯。 drink n. soft drink a hot drink / a cooling drink too much drink made him feel ill. 考題點擊：考題點擊： lets drink _ the health of all the ladies and gentle- men present here. a. for b. of c. towards d. to d raise 用作及物動詞，意思是“

23、舉起，抬起，抬 高”，說明主語發(fā)出的動作是要作用于其它事物 的。 rise 用作不及物動詞，意思是“升起，上升，起 立”，說明主語自身移向較高的位置。 lift 用力“舉起”的含義。 price has been raised up price rises gradually the young lifted the stone at last 20. raise，rise，lift (1) at this moment 意思是“此時，現(xiàn)在”。 英語中與 moment 構(gòu)成的常見短語： a moment ago 剛才 at the moment 此刻，那時 at any moment任何時刻

24、for the moment暫時，目前 in a moment立即，馬上 just a moment稍等一下 (2) the moment相當(dāng)于連詞，意思是“一一就就”。 ill write to you the moment i arrive 我一到就寫信給你們。 21. moment 22. be busy with sth. be busy with sth. / be busy (in) doing sth. father is usually busy with his novels. mother is always busy cooking for us at home. bus

25、y (vt.) 使使忙碌忙碌 busy oneself (in) doing sth. busy oneself with sth. she always busies herself keeping the room in order. she always busies herself with the tiring house-work. 23. its time that . its time主要用于以下結(jié)構(gòu) 1) its time for. its time for lunch. 2) its time (for sb.) to do sth. its time for you to

26、 clean the room. 3) its time +從句。該從句中應(yīng)該用 did 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣。 its time we had breakfast. its time i went and picked up my little girl from school. its high time that the article was published. 4) its ones + 序數(shù)詞 + time to do sth. 是某人第幾 次做某事 its my first time to write a letter in english. 5) its the +序數(shù)詞 + t

27、ime + that 從句；表示“是某 人第幾次做某事”。該句型中的動作如果現(xiàn)在還該句型中的動作如果現(xiàn)在還 在進行，則用現(xiàn)在完成時在進行，則用現(xiàn)在完成時。 its the second time that ive ever seen this film. its the last time that i shall give you a lesson. 考題點擊：考題點擊： 1. its time you _ to the station to catch the train. a. would go b. ought to go c. will go d. went 2. - its tim

28、e you _ my question. can you give me the right answer? - sorry, i _. would you repeat the question? a. answer dont listen b. answered wasnt listening c. answered havent listened d. answer wont listen d b to do sth. 打算做 mean sb. to do sth. 打算讓-做 doing sth./ sth 意味著做某事 much/ little/a lot/ a great deal

29、 有價值,有意義 e.g. 1. what do you mean to do next? 2. i meant to tell you, but i was too busy. 3. if it means delaying more than a week, i will not wait. 4. he means his son to succeed. 5. his job means a lot to him. 24. mean 固定句式固定句式: what do you mean by ? eg. what do you mean by not writing back to me?

30、 mean that eg. his failure in the exam means that he has to go over his lessons again for a whole year. means 手段手段,手法手法,工具工具,財富財富 all means 無論如何,務(wù)必 by means of 借助于 this means: in this way eg. finish it by all means. thoughts can also be expressed by means of music. 1having good table manners means k

31、nowing，for example，how to use forks and knives, how to toast and how to behave at the table 有了餐桌上好的規(guī)矩就是說了解，比方說如何使用刀 叉，如何敬酒和如何在餐桌上言談。 (1) how to use forks.at the table，三個由“how+ 不定式不定式”構(gòu)成，作 knowing 的賓語。 i dont know what to do我不知道做什么。 (2) having 和 knowing 都是動名詞短語動名詞短語,分別 作主語和賓語. 25. 句子分析句子分析 2. there a

32、re two pairs of knives and forks on (1) there be.句型中的 be 用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于第第 一個一個主語，若主語是單數(shù)，be 用單數(shù)，若是復(fù)數(shù)，be 用復(fù)數(shù)。 there is one chair and two tables in the room there are two tables and one chair in the room (2) a pair of “一雙，一對”的意思。 he bought a pair of shoes the girl has three pairs of trousers 3they make me

33、think of the happy days we spent together 他們使我想起我們在一起的日子。 (1) we spent together是一個定語從句，省略關(guān)系代詞 that或 which，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，通常省略， 但which 作介詞賓語時，不能省略。 this is the place we visited last year this is the place in which we lived last year (2) think of意思是“想起想起”。 the film made him think of the children in the

34、 countryside 4. 動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)： “for+名詞或代詞的賓格+動詞不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為動 詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。for后面的名詞或代詞形式上是for的 賓語，而意義上是不定式的主語。這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可在句 子中作主語，賓語、表語、定語和狀語作主語，賓語、表語、定語和狀語。 it is honour for me to be asked to speak there the first thing for them to do is to find out when the train starts the best thing would be for you to buil

35、d a swimming pool with your own hands i dont think it difficult for us to finish it in time he stepped aside for me to pass 5. 辨析 in，on，to表示方位的用法 in 表示“在境內(nèi)，在范圍之內(nèi)”。 on 表示“兩者交界”，還表示“在河畔”。 to 表示“在范圍以外”，并不強調(diào)是否接壤。 taiwan lies in the east of china. 臺灣位于中國東部。 japan lies to the east of china. 日本位于中國東部。 jian

36、gxi lies to (on) the east of hunan. 江西在湖南東部。 zhejiang lies to the east of hubei. 浙江位于湖北東部。 translate the following phrases 1、因向某人道歉 2、給留下好印象 3、知道在用餐時如何表現(xiàn) 4、當(dāng)為的健康干杯時 5、跟上時代潮流 apologize to sb. make a god impression on sb. know how to behave at table when drinking to someones health follow the fashion

37、of the day 6、被允許做某事 7、充分利用 8、供給某人食物 9、未經(jīng)某人允許拿走某物 10、祝你萬事如意 be allowed to do sth. make good use of provide sb. with sth. take sth. away without permission wish you all the best! translate the following sentences 1、了解這些餐桌上好的規(guī)矩，就可以助你給人留下好印象。 2、如果你對該如何做沒有把握，你看主人做就是了。 3、你的手機被偷是我的錯。 knowing these good tab

38、le manners will help you make a good impression. if youre not sure what to do, you can always follow your hosts. it was my fault that your cell phone was stolen. 4、和印度人在一起時，你不該用左手來問候、吃飯、喝 酒或吸煙。 5、文明飲食習(xí)慣被很多人看作是對文化的理解和具有良 好品味的一種標(biāo)志。 6、現(xiàn)在該用功讀書了。我必須把考試考好。 with indians you should never use your left hand

39、for greeting, eating, drinking or smoking. having good table manners is seen by many people as a sign of cultural understanding and good taste. now its time for me to study hard. i must do well in the exams. 7、這些照片讓我回味我們一起度過的快樂的時光。 8、emily 盼望著能接到 monica 的電話。 9、目前還不能肯定地說外層空間有沒有生命。 10、這兩個外教以前從沒來過中國。他們

40、很喜歡在這里工 作。 these photos make me think of the happy days we spent together. emily looks forward to monicas phone call. it is still uncertain whether there is life in outer space. the two foreign teachers, neither of whom have ever been to china before, are enjoying their work here very much. unit 7 c

41、ultural relics language pointslanguage points 1. base on vt. base on 以 為基礎(chǔ), 把 建立在, 根據(jù) eg. this song is based on a true story. one should always base his opinions on facts. n. 基地基地, 基礎(chǔ)基礎(chǔ) eg. an air / naval base marx made london the base for his revolutionary work. 2. select / choose / pick out select

42、 指經(jīng)過認(rèn)真考慮后從眾多對象中選出最好或 最滿意的,用于較正式的場合 choose 憑個人的主觀喜好判斷力進行選擇 pick out 用法通俗, 指按個人的喜好或希望進行選擇, 多為有形的人或物 eg. 1. the best candidates will be selected for interview. 2. you can choose what you like. 3. she picked out the shoes that match the dress. 3. represent represent vt. (= stand for) 代表, 表現(xiàn), 描寫，聲稱, 標(biāo)志,象

43、征,描畫 eg. 1. his opinion represents that of the majority. 2. the picture represents the end of the war. 3. he represents himself as a philosopher. 4. what does this mark represent? 4. may you may also include a short message but remember that those who find the capsule may not understand your languag

44、e. 前一個 may 表允許, 后一個 may 表猜測, 常用于否 定句中,不用于疑問句. 疑問句中用 can: can this news be true? eg. 1. you may not smoke here. 2. that may not be a good idea. 5. include vt. + n. / pron / doing 包括, 包含 eg. 1. the university includes ten colleges. 2. your duty will include putting the children to bed. 試比較試比較: includi

45、ng, included 前者在 n. / pron. 之前表主動, 后者用在 n. / pron 后 表被動 eg. 1. all of us, including me, have read this book. 2. all of us have read this book, me included. 用用 include 的適當(dāng)形式填空的適當(dāng)形式填空 their names are _ in the list. there are a lot of names in the list, _ his name. there are a lot of names in the list,

46、 his name _. the rent is 40 yuan a month _ water and electricity. the price _ postage then. included including included including included 6. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 shall 的用法的用法 表示純粹的將來時表示純粹的將來時，第一人稱單數(shù)和復(fù) 數(shù)可用shall, 其他人稱用will (第一人稱也可 用will) what time shall i come? shall we go to the park? 表示要求，允諾，威嚇等表示要求，允諾，威嚇等 eve

47、rything shall be done to save the ship. you, wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted. his life shall be at the mercy of the duke. shall 表示征求對方的意見、指示時，用于 一、三一、三人稱. eg. shall i turn on the light? shall he come to see you? will 表示此意時用于第二二人稱 eg. shall i tell john about it now, or

48、will you tell him some time later? 7、情態(tài)動詞、情態(tài)動詞 can 的用法的用法 cant we put in ?否定疑問句否定疑問句 (1) 建議或邀請 - wont you have a little more rice? - no, thank you. (2) 表示感嘆,表示說話人強烈的感情色彩. isnt it a beautiful flower? isnt it a cold day? (3) 表示驚訝,懷疑,責(zé)備 dont you know my telephone number? 試比較試比較 can , be able to (1) can

49、, be able to 都表示做事的能力, 兩者通用 但 can 只用于一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時, 而 be able to 可用于任何時態(tài) he can / is able to drive a car. the worker could / was able to swim across the changjiang river. he hasnt been able to go to the office for a month. (2) 表示經(jīng)過努力經(jīng)過努力而成功的某一次動作, 用 was / were able to 不用 could。 此處 be able to = manage

50、to do / succeed in doing the plane was able to fly over the mountains and the passengers felt safe. (3) 在否定句否定句中 couldnt 與was / were not able to通 用 he couldnt / wasnt able to arrive before 6 yesterday evening. 8. where there is , there is where there is a river, there is a city. where 引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句, 含有條件

51、意味 = at the place + where eg. make marks where you have any questions. make marks at the place where you have any questions. where there is a will, there is a way. where 引導(dǎo)狀語從句時,前無先行詞, 不可換成介詞 +which 9. look / seem look like 看起來像是, 好象要 like 介詞介詞 + n. / pron. / doing eg. she looks so much like her mot

52、her. look at the dark clouds. it looks like rain. he doesnt look like recovering. look + adj. / n. / pp / to be eg. im fatter than i look. she doesnt look her age. helen looked worn out. look + as if 從句從句 eg. you look as if you didnt care. it looks as if there will be a strike. seem 似乎、好象、仿佛、系動詞似乎、好

53、象、仿佛、系動詞 + adj. / n. / to do (1) seem + (to be ) + adj. / n what seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. his father seems (to be ) a kind man. (2) seem to do sth. mother seemed to know that. i seems to have seen him before. (3) seem + like it seems like a disaster at the time. (4) it se

54、ems (to sb.) + that 從句從句 it seems that he is lying. it seems (to me ) that he is right. (5) it seems + as if / though 看樣子看樣子,似乎是似乎是 it seems as if he were in a dream. 10. out of out of 意為 “從, 由”, 接近 from, 在句子中作后置 定語 eg. he tore a piece of paper out of his notebook. out of “從出來”、 “出于, 由于”、“不在里 面”, “中

55、間有” eg. i slipped out of the room and went softly downstairs. he did it out of pity. get out of the way! nine out of ten people will agree with what you say. 常與常與out of搭配的短語：搭配的短語： out of work (失業(yè)） out of repair (失修) out of control (失控) out of date (過時) out of danger (脫險) out of water (缺水) out of se

56、nse (失去理性) out of sight (失明) out of hearing (失聰) out of order (壞了) out of money (缺錢) out of shape (變形) out of practice (手生) out of touch (失去聯(lián)系) out of number (無數(shù)的) out of place (錯位) out of season (過時) out of the way (不擋道) 注意：注意： out of question (毫無疑問；不成問題)， out of the question (毫無可能；不必多說)。 意思完全不同。 h

57、e is out of question the best student in the class. what you say is out of the question. 考題點擊：考題點擊： his dream _ to china never _. a. of coming came true b. to come came true c. of coming realize d. to come was come true a 解析：解析：dream 后一般都用 of doing 而不用 to do。 come true 沒有被動而 realize 是及物動詞，所以應(yīng) 該用被動。

58、11. under attack under 在 (狀態(tài))中、在 (情況)下 eg. my car is under repair now. the subject is under study. the building is under construction. under 和 with 都可表示“在之下”: with 常與 help, permission 等連用； under 常與 leadership 等連用 考題點擊：考題點擊： 1. _ the permission of the teacher, he entered the chemistry lab. a. with b.

59、 under c. because of d. at 2. - have you moved into the new house? - no. the building is _ construction. a. at b. under c. for d. in 3. anthony jason, _ louis succeeded in the exam, was a friend of mine. a. with the help for who b. with his help c. with whose help d. with the help of his a b c 12. g

60、ive in give in 不及物短語, “投降、屈服、讓步” eg. she would rather die than give in. give in 還可意為“上交”；= turn in, hand in eg. when shall i give in my paper? all papers should be given in before 12:30. give in to 向讓步、遷就 eg he is always giving in to others. give up vt. / vi. 放棄、不再做(某事)、把-獻(xiàn)給 交出、讓給 ive given up that