2012屆高考英語二輪專題復習定語從句考點歸納

1、2012屆高考英語二輪專題復習定語從句考點歸納基本概念：一個句子充當定語稱之為定語從句。被修飾限定的詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，包括關系代詞和關系副詞。定語從句可分為兩種，即限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。正確使用關系詞關系代詞和關系副詞：關系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as指代人或物，在句中作 主語，賓語，表語，定語。關系副詞：when, where, why指代時間，地點，原因，在句中作狀語。選擇依據：1）弄清關系詞在從句中作什么成分，是主語、賓語、定語還是狀語2）辨別先行詞表示的是人、物、事還是時間、地點、原因3）判斷從句是限制性的還是

2、非限制性的(只有that,why不能引導非限制性從句)考點一:關系代詞that和which在很多情況下可以互換，但哪些情況只能用that?在以下幾種場合只能用that先行詞(指物)本身是不定代詞all，much，little, everything，anything，nothing，none，the one，any等或先行詞被不定代詞修飾All that can be done has been done.B.先行詞兼有指人和指物的名詞C.先行詞(指物)被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等修飾D.先行詞(指物)被形容詞最高級和序數詞修飾This

3、is the best TV that is made in China.E. 當主句是which/who引導的特殊疑問句Who that you have ever seen can do it better ?考點二:有哪些情況關系代詞不用that，而用which，who，whom?He made the same mistakes again,whose made his parents very angry.Yesterday I bought a dictionary,whose cost me more than 100 yuan .Mr Smith, who gave a tal

4、k several months ago,will come again.My uncle has come back from abroad, whom I havent met for a long time.注：a)在非限制性定語從句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.b)在介詞后面，指事物用 which，指人用whom.Her bag ,in which she put all her money, has been stolen.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.Xiao Wang ,with whom I

5、went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.考點三:在定語從句中如何正確判斷與使用介詞?方法1.看定語從句中動詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配1. The girl for whom he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.2. He is the man on whom I think you can depend .3. He referred to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.方法2.看

6、從句中的動詞或動詞詞組與先行詞的搭配1.He made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was going on outside the house.2.The librarian with whom I just shook hands works heart and soul.方法3、根據先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞搭配1.The rate at which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.2.This is our classroom ,in the f

7、ront of（在前面）which there is a teachers desk.考點四:名詞/代詞/數詞+ of +which/whom知多少?Rewrite the following sentences1.The committee consists of 20 members and5 of them are women.The committee consists of 20 members ,5 of whom are women.2.The book contains 50 poems, and most of them were written in 1930s.The b

8、ook contains 50 poems, most of which were written in 1930s.3.I have a sentence ,and the meaning of it I dont understand.I have a sentence , the meaning of which I dont understand.注：名詞/代詞/數詞+ of +表示物用which/表示人用whom考點五:如何恰當使用when ,where , why與which, that引導的定語從句?1. 先行詞是表示地點,時間,原因的名詞或含有地點,時間,原因意義的抽象名詞，用

9、來引導定語從句.when ,where, why在從句中作狀語.相當于相應的介詞+which2. 若定語從句缺主語或賓語，用which或that引導定語從句。This is the town _I spent my childhood.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.This is the reason _ I didnt co

10、me here.The reason _ she gave was not true.考點六:如何用好whose 引導的定語從句?whose表示所屬關系The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.There are in this class 20 students, _ are different.A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose考點七:as 和 which 的

11、區(qū)別知多少？as 作為關系代詞，既可以引導限制性定語從句，又可以引導非限制性定語從句，在從句中做主語、賓語或表語.as引導的限制性定語從句,此時先行詞前常被such,the same, so,as 修飾，即構成suchas , the same as, soas, asas結構，做題時容易 忽略。提示：在做有關定語從句題目時，如果選項中出現as, 請先考慮是否考查as 引導的定語從句。1、用于非限制性定語從句時，可以指代整個主句的內容，as 和which 可以換用。He left her, as/ which was strange.2、as 引導非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句的內容，從句可置

12、于句首，句中和句尾。As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.3、非限制性定語從句中謂語為被動時，常用as 作主語。as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ discussed等。As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.4、as引導非限制性定語從句，有“正如”的含義，因此，下列句式中多用as:as引導非限制性定語從句常見結構有as is well known/ is known to all眾所周知as has been sa

13、id before如前所述as has been already pointed out正如已經指出的as we all can see正如我們所看到的as is expected/ hoped/ supposed正如所盼望的 /希望的 /料想的as is often the case情況常常如此as be known /expected /reported /announced /shownas has been saidas is mentioned aboveas anybody can seeas often happens5、which 引導非限制定語從句，指代整個主句的內容，從句只

14、能置于句尾。The decision was right, which was exactly what he wanted.6、which 引導非限制性定語從句，指代主句中的一個詞（先行詞）從句置于先行詞后，可在句中或句尾。The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.7、which 引導非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句的內容，從句的謂語帶有賓語，有的還帶賓語補足語。That things improved, which astonished me.8、which 引導非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句的內容從

15、句為否定式或帶否定前綴的形容詞。He was married again, which was unexpected.9、that，why不能引導非限制性定語從句考點八：定語從句運用中的注意點 1.定語從句中關系代詞與先行詞的一致性。試比較：He is the only one of the students who was here just now.He is one of the students who were here just now.2.定語從句與并列結構。試比較：He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him.He has tw

16、o sons, and neither of them looks like him.3、是用the one還是用that , which, where. （1）Is this school _ you study?（2）Is this the school _ you study in?（3）Is this the school _ you study?（4）Is this school _ is a senior one?A. that/whichB. whereC. the oneD. the one whereE. the one that / which遇到這類句子，先將其變成肯定句

17、，再看主句是否缺少表語。若缺表語，則必須用the one的形式，接著再看the one在從句中作什么成分，若作狀語，則必須用the one where，若作主語或賓語時，則用the one (that/ which)4、是用when還是用that, which （1）May 1 is the day _ we spent together. （2）May 1 is the day _I joined the army.A. that/ whichB. when當先行詞是表示時間的名詞時，作時間狀語時，用when, 若作主語或賓語時，就用that/ which.5. where引導的定語從句先行

18、詞大多數情況下是 表示地點的名詞，但也有特殊情況。如：1)Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 2)Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 在這兩句中，where 引導的定語從句分別修飾point和situation, 表示抽象意義“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”。 先行詞是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage等名詞表示情況、方面、處

19、境，并且在定于從句中作狀語時，常用where引導定語從句（但當point, stage表示時間時用when引導定語從句）；在定語從句中作主語、賓語時，常用which/that引導定語從句。同時occasion作先行詞時，通常用when引導定語從句。如： I met the situation where I cant find my direction. We had reached the point when there was no money left. I had the situation that/which I have never met before. I had neve

20、r met the occasion when there was no money left.定語從句與強調結構的區(qū)別（1）It was in this house _ he was born.（2）It was this house _ he was born.（3）It was in the house _ he used to live in that the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there判斷是否是強調結構的方法是去掉it is /was that, 若整個句子結構和意義不受影響，則為強調結構，否則為定語從句。

21、7、定語從句與其他從句的區(qū)別（1）定語從句與地點狀語從句的區(qū)別是看有無表示地點的名詞作先行詞，有則是定語從句，試比較： You should leave the toy where you can find. I still remember the bus stop where / at which I met you.（2）定語從句與結果狀語從句的區(qū)別是看從句的連接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的是定語從句；若連接詞在句中不作成分時，則為結果狀語從句。試比較：He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind pers

22、on that everybody likes him.（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別主要是看連接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的是定語從句，不作成分而只是表示前面名詞的具體內容的則是同位語從句。試比較：The news that he had been back surprised us all.The news (that) he told us surprised us all.8、way 后面的定語從句（用that/ in which 或省略）：Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.9、“介詞 + whom/wh

23、ich + 不定式”。如：The poor man has no house in which to live. = The poor man has no house to live in. = The poor man has no house in which he can live.10、 注意句型“Its (high) time that”結構中，謂語動詞用一般過去時態(tài)或should do（should不能省略）。 Its time that we went/should go to school.考點九：定語從句的位置一般來說，定語從句總是緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后，比較容易找出從句

24、；但有時，定語從句和先行詞會被介詞或其他成分分隔，這叫間隔性定語從句/分隔性定語從句。從而給從句的辨別帶來一定的難度。下面就來看從句和先行詞被分隔開的兩種情況。1. 被介詞分隔定語從句和先行詞被介詞分隔，實際上也就是關系詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語。此時，關系詞多和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間。用于這種情況的關系代詞一般為which(指物)和whom(指人)，that一般不能放在介詞之后。例如： He was educated at a local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. A. after which B. after th

25、atC. in which D. in that解析：A。根據從句的意思確定是介詞after“在之后”，which在此指代整個主句He was educated at a local high school，故選A。 Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hands. A. that B. in whichC. by which D. how解析：B。該題是考查“介詞+ 關系代詞+ 動詞不定式”的特殊結構，它可以還原為：Franks dream was to have his own

26、 shop in which he could produce the workings of his own hands.注意：有時候關系副詞when和where也可以用在介詞之后，如since when、by when和from where等。例如： The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great changes. A. when B. during which C. since then D.since when解析：D。根據從句的意思確定是選since when，when在此指代時間狀語1

27、946。2. 被其他成分分隔一般來說，定語從句總是緊跟著它所修飾的先行詞，但有時候定語從句如果緊接先行詞會引起主句頭重腳輕或句意分隔等問題，此時，從句和先行詞被其他成分分隔。例如： The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago. A. when B. which C. that D. where解析：選D。定語從句where we learned farming two years ago修飾它的先行詞the village，中間被謂語has developed a lot隔開。 After graduat

28、ion she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do. A. that B. what C. which D. where解析：選D。定語從句where she needed to decide what to do修飾它的先行詞a point，中間被定語in her career隔開。3. 被插入語隔開Is that the small town you often refer to?Right, just the one_you know I used to work for years.Athat

29、Bwhich Cwhere Dwhat解析：C 了解答語中的插入語you know是解題的突破口。The one在賓語從句中作狀語。附：定語從句的常見錯誤1. 錯用引導詞This is the book who he is looking for.（）This is the book that/which he is looking for.（）定語從句的引導詞由先行詞決定，當先行詞為人時用who，that，whom或whose；當先行詞為事物時用that，which。You can tell me anything which I dont know.（）You can tell me an

30、ything that I dont know.（）定語從句的先行詞為anything，nothing等表示事物的不定代詞時，定語從句的引導詞只能用that。I like the book from that I borrowed the library.（）I like the book from which I borrowed the library.（）定語從句作介詞的賓語且介詞提前時，只能用which，whom引導定語從句。I still remember the days when we spent together. （）I still remember the days tha

31、t/which we spent together. （）表示時間、地點或原因的先行詞在定語從句中作時間狀語時才能用when，where，why；當這些先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時用that/which。This is the most popular film，that I saw yesterday. （）This is the most popular film，which I saw yesterday. （）that，why不可以引導非限制性定語從句。2. 錯省引導詞The boy is standing there is my brother. （） The boy who/t

32、hat is standing there is my brother. （）關系代詞做主語時不可以省略。The place in（which）I live is very quiet. （）The place in which I live is very quiet. （）當介詞提前時，定語從句的引導詞不能省略。He is from America，（which）I know from his composition. （）He is from America，which I know from his composition. （）非限制性定語從句的引導詞不能省略。3. 錯用、遺漏介詞或

33、動詞短語中的介詞被拆開The pen by which I write a letter is on the table. （）The pen with which I write a letter is on the table. （）錯用介詞The place which I live is very quiet. （）The place in which I live is very quiet. （）遺漏介詞This is the watch for which he is looking. （）This is the watch which he is looking for. （）

34、動詞短語中的介詞被拆開4. 定語從句的主謂不一致This is one of the books that was written by Lu Xun. （）This is one of the books that were written by Lu Xun. （）This is the only one of the books that was written by Lu Xun. （）5. 定語從句的成分重復或殘缺This is the book that I give it to you. （）This is the book that I give to you. （）定語從句成

35、分重復Is this book that you bought yesterday？（）Is this book the one that you bought yesterday？（）Is this the book that you bought yesterday？（）定語從句成分殘缺1、A）Is this village c my father was born in？B）Is this the village b my father was born in？a、where b、which c、the one d、when2、A）She likes to live in the roo

36、m b windows facing south. B）She likes to live in the room a windows face south. a、whose b、with c、its d、and3、A）This is such a difficult question c nobody can answer it. B）This is such a difficult question a nobody can answer. a、as b、which c、that d、what4、A）He is one of the students who a English well.

37、B）He is the only one of the students who b English well.a、speak b、speaks c、speaking d、spoken5、A）Only those a knew well could be let in. B）Only those b he knew well could be let in. a、he b、whom c、did he d、he did6、A）The reason d he gave us was acceptable. B）The reason c he helped us was acceptable. a、

38、for b、what c、why d、which7、A）She has two daughters，and b are nurses./ She has two daughters. b are nurses. B）She has two daughters， c are daughters. a、all of them b、both of them c、both of whom d、all of whom定語從句專項練習一、認真觀察下列句子的定語從句中關聯(lián)詞的用法?？偨Y這些關聯(lián)詞使用的規(guī)則。（“/”表示這里可運用兩個關聯(lián)詞中任一個） This is the book which/that m

39、y mother bought yesterday. This is the teacher who/that teaches us English. That is the man (who/whom/that) you are looking for. That is the day when I got married. 那就是我結婚的那一天。That is the school where I work as a teacher. This is the boy whose father is a scientist. 規(guī)則：1）在限定某事物時，一般使用which/that作關聯(lián)詞。2

40、）在限定某人，并且此人在從句中作主語時，一般使用who/that作關聯(lián)詞。3）在限定某人，并且此人在從句中作賓語時，一般使用whom作關聯(lián)詞。4）在限定某時間，并且該時間在從句中作時間狀語時，一般使用when作關聯(lián)詞。5）在限定某地點，并且該地點在從句中作地點狀語時，一般使用where作關聯(lián)詞。6）在限定某人或事物，并且在從句中，從句主語與該人或事物有物主關系時，一般使用whose作關聯(lián)詞。That is the book which/that my mother bought yesterday.That is the teacher who/that teaches us English.

41、I like our teacher, who is very kind. I like this book, which is very interesting. 規(guī)則：1）限定性定語從句中，表示人或事物時，常用who/that或which/that作關聯(lián)詞。2）非限定性定語從句中，表示人或事物時，常用who或which作關聯(lián)詞。 That is the book (which/that) my mother bought yesterday.（括號表示此關聯(lián)詞可省略）This is the teacher who/that teaches us English.I like this bo

42、ok, which is very interesting. 規(guī)則： 1）關聯(lián)詞在定語從句中作賓語時，可以省略關聯(lián)詞。 2）關聯(lián)詞在定語從句中不作賓語時，不可以省略關聯(lián)詞。 He is the only student that passed the exam. 他是唯一通過這個考試的學生。Shanghai is the biggest city that lies in the east of China. 規(guī)則：關聯(lián)詞是或被the only/形容詞的最高級/序數詞修飾時，只能用that作關聯(lián)詞。二、單項選擇1. Nearly all the streets are in straight

43、lines, _ from east to west. Those _ run from north to south are called avenues.A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that2. This is the case _ hes had all his money stolen.A. when B. where C. that D. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, _ we will enjoy the Oly

44、mpic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything _ .A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him toC. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him5. How did you get in touch with the trave

45、l agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _ the telephone number is provided.A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose6. October 15 th is my birthday, _ I will never forget.A. when B. that C. what D. which7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the poi

46、nt _ he can walk correctly and safely.A. when B. where C. which D. whose8. There are several research centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A. which B. where C. when D. what9. I hope that the little _ I have been able to do does good to them all.A. which B. what C. th

47、at D. when10. The time is not far away _ modern communications will become widespread in Chinas vast countryside.A. as B. when C. until D. before11. _ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.A. It B. As C. Which D. What12. I shall never forget the day _ Shen Zhou V was lau

48、nched, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that13. The bread my wife makes is much better than _ you can buy at a store.A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which14. There is no such place _ you dream of in all this world.A. that B.

49、 what C. which D. as15. The people, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homes B. all of whose homesC. all their homes D. all of their homes16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, _ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A.

50、 who B. when C. on which D. which17. Is this research center _ you visited the modern equipment last year? A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it.A. when B. that C. who D. where19. The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no man can lift.A. that B. as C. which D. and20. He stayed there for quite a