初中英語定語從句講解、練習(xí)與答案

1、定語從句一、 初中英語重點(diǎn)詞匯1. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little(1)many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞；都表示許多。例如： he has many books.他有許多書。 he drank much milk.他喝了許多牛奶。(2)a few和a little都表示有一點(diǎn)兒，側(cè)重于肯定，相當(dāng)于some，但a few修飾可數(shù)名詞，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，例如：he has a few friends in london.他在倫敦有一些朋友。would you like some coffee? yes, just a li

2、ttle.喝點(diǎn)咖啡好嗎？好的，只要一點(diǎn)。(3)few和little表示幾乎沒有，側(cè)重否定。few后接可數(shù)名詞，little后接不可數(shù)名詞。例如：he is a strange man. he has few words.他是個(gè)怪人，他幾乎不說什么話。hurry up, there is little time left.趕快，沒什么時(shí)間了。 2. seem/ look (1) seem一般著重于以客觀跡象為依據(jù)，意思是“似乎、好象、看起來”。 the baby seems to be happy.嬰兒看上去似乎很高興。he seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎為那件事

3、感到抱歉。seem能與to do結(jié)構(gòu)連用，而look不能。 it seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。they seemed to have finished their work.他們似乎已經(jīng)完成了工作。在it作形式主語的句型中只能用seem。 it seems that he is quite busy now.他現(xiàn)在看起來很忙。it seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看來沒什么大不了的。 (2) look用作“看起來；好像”時(shí)，常從物體的外觀或樣貌上來判斷，是以視覺所接受的印象為依據(jù)的。 the room looks clea

4、n.這間房看起來很干凈。the girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起來向她的媽媽。二、語法 定語從句（一）、定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語 定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語（動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語和分詞短語）或句子，漢語中常用的表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，此外，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，分詞，副詞，不定式以及介詞短語也可以來擔(dān)任，也可以由一個(gè)句子來擔(dān)任。單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。 定語從句是指在一個(gè)句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放

5、在所修飾的詞后。如：1) the man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) you must do everything that i do. 上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格who, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分（二）、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)the boys who are

6、 playing football are from class one.(2)yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。 (1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略 (1) football is a

7、 game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語) (2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。 (5) the people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語) (6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning? (

8、在句子中做賓語)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)do you like the book wh

9、ose color is yellow?=do you like the book the color of which is yellow?注：that 用法(1)不用that的情況 (a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。 (錯(cuò))the tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介詞后不能用。 we depend on the land from which we get our food. we depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能

10、用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 (b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。 (c) 先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時(shí)，只用that。 (d) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。 (f) 先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時(shí) (g) 為了避免重復(fù) (h)先行詞是the way或the reason時(shí)，that

11、可作關(guān)系副詞，也可省略 (i) 主句的主語是疑問詞who /which時(shí) 舉例： is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎？ who that break the window should be punished 誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰 all that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。 finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了

12、警察。 （三）、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句 關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞：在句中作狀語 關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配) 1. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句。 (1) shanghai is the city where i was born. (2) the house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 2. when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間

13、。在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語也可做連接詞用 (1) i still remember the day when i first came to the school. (2) the time when we got together finally came.注表示時(shí)間“time一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)。 by the time you arrived in london, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候，我們?cè)谀抢镆呀?jīng)待了兩個(gè)星期。 i still remember the first

14、 time i met her. 我仍然記得我第一次見到她。 each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 每一次他去出差，他帶來了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。 3. why指原因 在定語從句中做原因狀語 (1) please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) i dont know the reason why he looks unhap

15、py today. 注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換 (1) the reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) from the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 注：1）介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。 2）that前不能有介詞。 3） 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when ,where和w

16、hy 互換。 this is the house in which i lived two years ago. this is the house where i lived two years ago. do you remember the day on which you joined our club? do you remember the day when you joined our club? this is the reason why he came late. this is the reason for which he came late. 三、練習(xí)練習(xí)一（一） 用

17、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對(duì)句子連成一個(gè)復(fù)合句。1. the boy is my younger brother. he was here a minute ago.2. the old man is a professor. he teaches chemistry in a college.3. beijing hotel is near tian an men square. the foreign visitors live there.4. the woman is here now. you were talking about her.5. this is the hall. w

18、e listened to the report in it the other day.6. the car was going 90 miles an hour. the car just passed us.7. the man was my uncle. the man waved to us. 8. i enjoyed reading the book. you gave me a book last week.9. i prefer the subject. the subject is science.10. i spoke to the man. the man is a pr

19、ofessor.（二） 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1. the house _ we live in is very big.2. the boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. this is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. the man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. he talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. there is not

20、hing in the world _ can frighten him.7. she wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. we visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. is this the place _ your father once lived?10. ill never forget the days _ i joined the league.練習(xí)二一、單項(xiàng)填空1. -who is the man _ was talking to our english

21、teacher? -oh! its mr baker, our maths teacher.a. he b. that c. whom d. which 2. i hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble.a. who b. which c. they d. where3. the foreigner _ visited our school is from canada.a. which b. when c. who d. whom4. george mallory was an english school te

22、acher _ loved climbing.a. who b. whom c. he d. which5. this is the place _i have ever visited.a. there b. when c. where d. which6. nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.a. that b. which c. why d. when7. the moon is a world _ there is no life.a. that b. which c. where d. why8. he ha

23、s forgotten the day _ he arrived.a. when b. where c. that d. which9. he still remembers the days _ he spent with your family.a. when b. where c. that d. on which10. mr. white, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.a. who b. that c. whose d. which11. he got to the village _ his family once liv

24、ed before liberation.a. that b. which c. when d. where12. this is the house _ i want to buy.a. in which b. that c. whose d. where13. this is the house _ our beloved premier zhou once lived and worked.a. which b. that c. when d. where14. he didnt tell me the place _ he was born.a. that b. which c. wh

25、en d. where15. he lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station.a. that b. which c. where d. when16. i work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.a. how b. which c. where d. that17. helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of cour

26、se, made the others envy him. a. who b. that c. what d. which18. american women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.a. who b. as c. about which d. with whom19. the film brought the hours back to me _ i was taken good care of in that far-away village.a. until b. t

27、hat c. when d. where20. the famous scientist grew up_ he was born and in 1930 he came to shanghai.a. when b. whenever c. where d. wherever21. a story goes _ elizabeth i of england liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.a. when b. where c. what d. that22. t

28、he parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.a. they b. it c. one d. which23. is this factory _ you worked at?a. the one b. which c. that d. where24. is this the factory _ you worked?a. where b. which c. that d. the one25. -does the teacher know everybody _ pla

29、nted the trees?-yes, he does.a. which b. whose c. where d. who26. the letter _ i received from him yesterday is very important.a. who b. where c. what d. that27. -where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?-he has gone back to qinghua university.a. whom b. who c. whose d. which28. i hate pe

30、ople _ talk much but do little.a. whose b. whom c. which d. who29. do you know a boy _ sister is a nurse in a hospital?a. who b. that c. whom d. whose30. is there a shop near here_ we can buy vegetables and fruits?a. which b. when c. who d. where二、填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞完成下列句子1. the boys_ are playing footbal

31、l are from class one. 2. those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.3. mr liu is the person _ you talked about on the bus. 4. the professor _ you are waiting for has come. 5. football is a game _is liked by most boys. 6. he likes to read books _ are written by foreign

32、writers.7. this is the pen _ he bought yesterday. 8. well go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked.9. where is the man _ i saw this morning? 10. the season_ comes after spring is summer. 11. i visited a scientist _ name is known all over the country. 12. he has a friend _ father is a doct

33、or. 13. i once lived in the house _ roof has fallen in. 14. i still remember the day _ i first came to this school. 15. the time _ we got together finally arrived. 16. shanghai is the city _ i was born. 17. the house _ i lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 18. please tell me the reason _ you m

34、issed the plane. 19. the reason _ he was punished is unknown to us. 20. all the people _are present burst into tears.21. there are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of _ are well educated.22. he succeeded in the competition, _ made his parents very happy.23. the school _ h

35、e once studied is very famous. 24. tomorrow ill bring here the magazine _ you asked. 25. this is the boy _i played tennis with yesterday. 練習(xí)三1. the house _ we live is not big.a. in that b. whichc. in which d. that2. he talked about the lectures and schools _ he had visited.a. that b. whichc. who d.

36、whom3. the scientist the teacher is talking _ is leaving for beijing.a. to him b. whomc. to d. to that4. i who _ your teacher, will teach marxism as a truth to you.a. is b. arec. were d. am5. _ they could do was to work hard.a. all b. all whatc. all which d. that6. do you know the reason _ he didnt

37、come?a. that b. whichc. for d. why7. the room _ windows face south is his.a. that b. whichc. whose d. whos8. the park, _ we visited yesterday, is very nice.a. where b. whichc. that d. when9. the park, _ we met with him, is very nice.a. where b. whichc. that d. when10. the first time _ i saw her was

38、in 1989.a. when b. whichc. that d. as11. pay attention to all _ i do.a. which b. in whichc. what d. that12. ive read all the books _ you gave me.a. which b. themc. what d. that13. is there anything _ i can do for you?a. what b. whichc. that d. it14. the woman _ child had fallen ill was a doctor.a. w

39、ho b. herc. whose d. /15. the pen _ im using _ is hers.a. which; it b. that; itc. it; / d. /16. i have the same trouble _ you have.a. that b. whichc. as d. what17. its the very book _ i want to find.a. which b. thatc. it d. so18. he is the only one of the boys who _ english for four years.a. has lea

40、rnt b. have learntc. learn d. learning19. this is one of the books _ worth reading.a. that is b. which arec. it was d. they are been20. this is the best film _ been shown this year.a. which has b. which havec. that has d. that have21. this is the largest clock in the world, the minute have _ is six

41、minutes long.a. where b. of whichc. that d. of that22. can you tell me the reason _ you didnt come for yesterday?a. why b. howc. which d. what23. do you still remember the day _ we spent together last month?a. that b. in whichc. when d. where24. oct. 1, 1949 was the day _ the new china was founded.a

42、. that b. in whichc. when d. where25. which/who of them _ knows something about english doesnt know this word?a. which b. whoc. that d. as26. _ we all know, he is a good man.a. which b. whoc. that d. as27. ive never seen such a lazy boy _ you are.a. which b. whoc. that d. as28. there were many great

43、 leaders in the history _ abraham lincoln was the greatest one.a. in which b. in whomc. of which d. of whom29. i bought a new dictionary, _ is very beautiful.a. whose the cover b. of which coverc. the cover of which d. which cover30. they have planted many trees, one third of _ are pine trees.a. the

44、m b. whosec. which d. that31. that is my office, _ face the south.a. its windows b. the windowsc. the windows of it d. the windows of which32. hes given us a lot of information, _ is valuable.a. little of it b. little of whichc. a little d. much of them33. he has two sons, _ is a collage student.a.

45、who b. both of whomc. neither of whom d. neither34. there are forty-five students in our class, _ is only fifteen.a. the youngest of whom b. the oldest of themc. one of them d. the tallest35. he has published two books, _ ive completely forgotten.a. their names b. the names of whichc. the names of them d. what names of which36. he has several friends, the most devoted _ is henry.a. friend b. one of themc. of them