高考英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣（干貨分享）

1、1 高考英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣 2 It looks as if Harry Potter were a grown-up. Is he a grown-up? I wish every day were Sunday. Is every day Sunday? 3 這種表示假定、想象、愿望等的非事實(shí)觀這種表示假定、想象、愿望等的非事實(shí)觀 念的語(yǔ)氣就叫虛擬語(yǔ)氣。念的語(yǔ)氣就叫虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)氣分三大類(lèi)：英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)氣分三大類(lèi)： 陳述語(yǔ)氣：用來(lái)敘述一件事實(shí)。陳述語(yǔ)氣：用來(lái)敘述一件事實(shí)。 祈使語(yǔ)氣：表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的請(qǐng)求或命令。祈使語(yǔ)氣：表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的請(qǐng)求或命令。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示說(shuō)話人的愿望虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示說(shuō)話人的愿望

2、, ,假設(shè)假設(shè), ,猜測(cè)或建議猜測(cè)或建議, , 而不是表示客觀存在的事而不是表示客觀存在的事 實(shí)。實(shí)。 4 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種句式中的用法虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種句式中的用法: ( 一一 ) 用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句 1 1、真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句、真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句 真實(shí)條件句：真實(shí)條件句：If I have time, I shall(will) go to see you. If you move, Ill shoot you. 虛擬條件句虛擬條件句: : If I were a bird, I would fly there. If I were a student, I would d

3、o it. 5 If +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 （be動(dòng)詞一律用動(dòng)詞一律用were) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + would /should/could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 If +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)過(guò) 去分詞去分詞 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + would/should/could/ might + have + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式或動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式或 should/were to+動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞原形詞原形 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + would/should/could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 2 2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法 6 eg. If I were you,

4、I should study English. If he had time, he would attend the meeting. If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to/should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 7 （1 ）當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，

5、動(dòng) 詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整。詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整。(混合時(shí)間條件句混合時(shí)間條件句) eg. If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be quite all right now.(從句從句 指過(guò)去指過(guò)去,主句指現(xiàn)在主句指現(xiàn)在) If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 注注 意意 8 （ 2 ）從句省略）從句省略if , 用倒裝句式用倒裝句式“were,had,should+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)” eg. Were I in schoo

6、l again, I would work harder. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 注注 意意 9 (3) 含蓄條件句：虛擬條件暗含在介詞短語(yǔ)或上下文中，從句不表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。含蓄條件句：虛擬條件暗含在介詞短語(yǔ)或上下文中，從句不表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。 eg.I could never go to college without his help. But for (要不是要不是)your help, we should have fa

7、iled. I would have visited you last week, but I was so busy. (= If I had not been so busy, ) 注注 意意 (= If there were not his help) (= If it had not been for your help) But that I saw, I wouldnt have believed it. (= If I hadnt seen it) I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have come. (= If I hadnt bee

8、n ill that day, I would have come.) 10 (4)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的條件句特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的條件句 If it were not for eg. If it were not for his help, I could never go to college. If it had not been for your help, we should have failed. “如果沒(méi)有如果沒(méi)有 ”, 表示同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)表示同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) If it had not been for “如果當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有如果當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有”, 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 注注 意意

9、 11 (5) If only (“要是要是多好呀多好呀”)引導(dǎo)的感嘆句引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 eg. If only I had taken his advice! 我要是聽(tīng)他的話就好了我要是聽(tīng)他的話就好了! If only I had wings! If only + +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + + 過(guò)去完成（與過(guò)去相反）過(guò)去完成（與過(guò)去相反） 過(guò)去式（與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反）過(guò)去式（與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反） 注注 意意 (it would have been better) 12 (二）二）wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ) 從句從句 1.1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反: : 過(guò)去式

10、過(guò)去式(be(be多用多用were)were) 2.2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反: :had+had+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 3.3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反: : would+would+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 eg. I wish everyone were active in the lesson. I wish I had done better in the mid-term exam. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 13 ( 三三) 幾種常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型幾種常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型: 1.1.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+ +賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持一個(gè)堅(jiān)持

11、: : insist 堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持(應(yīng)該應(yīng)該/做做) 兩個(gè)命令兩個(gè)命令: :order,command 三個(gè)建議三個(gè)建議: :suggest,propose,advise 四個(gè)要求四個(gè)要求: : desire,demand,ask,require 賓語(yǔ)從句中用賓語(yǔ)從句中用(should)+(should)+動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞原形詞原形 2.2.與上述動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞如：與上述動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞如： suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea,command,requ est等后接的表語(yǔ)從句等后接的表語(yǔ)從句/同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句。 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句, ,同位語(yǔ)從句中用同位語(yǔ)從句中用

12、 (should)+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 14 ( 三三) 幾種常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型幾種常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型: 3.It is/was+上述動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞上述動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(suggested, demanded等）等）+ that 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 主語(yǔ)從句中用主語(yǔ)從句中用(should)+(should)+動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞原形詞原形 主語(yǔ)從句中用主語(yǔ)從句中用 (should)+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 4. It is/was+ adj./n.如：如： important, necessary, natural, possible, strange, a pity/a sham

13、e, no wonder, desirable 15 注意注意: insist作作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”解，解，suggest表示表示“表明表明”，“暗示暗示” 時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 eg.Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. We insisted that she (should) go with us. Janes pale face suggested that she was ill,and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination. 16 (四四)as if / though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句 注：注：as if /though 表示表示“有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)”時(shí)，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。時(shí)，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 eg.It is so cloudy. It looks as if it is going to rain. as if / though 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) 的狀語(yǔ)從句的狀語(yǔ)從句 1.1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反: : 過(guò)去式過(guò)去式(be(be多用多用were)were) 2.2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反: