任務(wù)型寫作之summary概括寫法

1、HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARY Definition（定義）（定義） A summary is a short account/paragraph giving the main points of something longer or detailed. Summary 這是這是07年廣東高考讀寫任務(wù)的新形式和新要求。年廣東高考讀寫任務(wù)的新形式和新要求。 （1）如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中的蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵。）如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中的蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵。 （2）任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因）任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因 此許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的此許多

2、文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的 中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它便中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它便 容易抓住文章的中心。容易抓住文章的中心。 How to sum up a passage? 1. Recognize the style of the passage so as to choose the pattern to begin your summary. 2. Read through the passage as quick as you can and find the key sentences or key words. 3. Use your ow

3、n words to summarize rather than use the original sentences directly copied from the passage. Styles of passages narration 1 argumentation 2 exposition 3 How to sum up a passage? Step1 Styles of Passages Styles（體裁）（體裁） Functions（功能）（功能） Narration (記敘文記敘文) describe a person or an event, with aftertho

4、ughts Argumentation (議論文議論文) show the writers point of view Exposition (說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文) introduce something, eg. a phenomenon Task 1: Please glance through the 3 given passages and recognize the styles of them. Some Summary Models for You (1)Narration Summary Models (記敘文概要模板記敘文概要模板) (2)Argumentation Summary

5、 Models (議論文概要模板議論文概要模板) (3)Exposition Summary Models (說(shuō)明文概要模板說(shuō)明文概要模板) 點(diǎn)明寫作目的類：點(diǎn)明寫作目的類： The writer tells us（主題）（主題）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事情節(jié)）（故事情節(jié)）. 作者經(jīng)歷類：作者經(jīng)歷類： In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth, which 他人經(jīng)歷類：他人經(jīng)歷類： This passage is mainly about

6、sbs experience of doing sth. (1) 記敘文概要模板記敘文概要模板 (2) 議論文概要模板議論文概要模板 The article gives the view that should/shouldnt（主題）（主題）. .（補(bǔ)充論據(jù)）（補(bǔ)充論據(jù)）. The passage highlights(強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)) the importance of sth. The author argues that 現(xiàn)象揭示類：現(xiàn)象揭示類： This article points out the common phenomenon - （主題（主題), which.（補(bǔ)充解釋）（補(bǔ)充解

7、釋）. 利弊對(duì)比類：利弊對(duì)比類： The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B. Awhile B The passage discusses the impact(影響影響)of sth. On the positive side, but it may also. 研究顯示類：研究顯示類： The study reveals(揭露揭露) that The purpose of the report is to show that (3) 說(shuō)明文概要模板說(shuō)明文概要模板 How to find the key sente

8、nces or key words? styles關(guān)鍵句關(guān)鍵句 narration argumentation exposition 抓住抓住who, what happened, 及及the writers purpose 通常抓住首段和尾段通常抓住首段和尾段 抓住首段或各段首句抓住首段或各段首句 How to sum up a passage? Step2 The Steps of Writing a Summary (1)定時(shí)態(tài)：如果閱讀材料是過(guò)去時(shí)，那么基定時(shí)態(tài)：如果閱讀材料是過(guò)去時(shí)，那么基 本時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去時(shí)；如果是現(xiàn)在的，那么基本時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去時(shí)；如果是現(xiàn)在的，那么基 本時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；本時(shí)

9、態(tài)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)； (2)定人稱：一般情況下采用第三人稱來(lái)寫作，定人稱：一般情況下采用第三人稱來(lái)寫作， 特殊如書信的，可能會(huì)使用第一、二人稱；特殊如書信的，可能會(huì)使用第一、二人稱； (3)定技巧：結(jié)合相關(guān)技巧，重新組句。定技巧：結(jié)合相關(guān)技巧，重新組句。 完全糊涂地照抄原文，連人稱都不改完全糊涂地照抄原文，連人稱都不改 的，得的，得0 0分；分； 2. 2. 機(jī)械死板地照抄原文，只改人稱的，得機(jī)械死板地照抄原文，只改人稱的，得 1 1分；分； 3. 3. 稍微靈活地抄原文，改主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、原稍微靈活地抄原文，改主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、原 文詞序的，得文詞序的，得2 2分；分； 4. 4. 創(chuàng)造性地抄，改主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、

10、原文詞序創(chuàng)造性地抄，改主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、原文詞序 還有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的，最多得還有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的，最多得3 3分；分； 5. 5. 結(jié)構(gòu)、用詞、詞性變化比較好的得結(jié)構(gòu)、用詞、詞性變化比較好的得4 4至至5 5 分。分。 廣東高考概括部分評(píng)分細(xì)則廣東高考概括部分評(píng)分細(xì)則 Task 2： Rewrite the sentences according to the skills. (1)Use words of similar meanings 同義替換法同義替換法 I didnt catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient. I didnt c

11、atch any fish_ I was not patient. because (2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正話反說(shuō)法正話反說(shuō)法 You will fail. You will _. not succeed (3)Change the part of speech 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法 Patience is very important. Patience is _.of great importance (4)Change the structure of a sentence 句式變化法句式變化法 語(yǔ)態(tài)變換：語(yǔ)態(tài)變換

12、： Parents should give children more praise. Children should_more praise.be given 簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句：簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句： Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster. Children should be encouraged more, _ will help them learn faster. Children are given more praise. They will achieve more success. W

13、hen _, children will achieve more success. which given more praise (5)Use the shortest possible transitions 連詞銜接法連詞銜接法 注意使用一些短而精的連詞，如注意使用一些短而精的連詞，如but, and, so, while, however, then, thus, yet, for, therefore, including, instead of 等。等。 We should encourage children. We should not scold them. We shou

14、ld encourage children_ scolding them. instead of (6) Change the order of the words. 詞序改變法詞序改變法 The secret of success was patience. _ was _.Patiencethe secret of success (7) Omit the details細(xì)節(jié)省略法細(xì)節(jié)省略法 Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead. Dont scold and give praise instead. (8) Make use

15、of the meaning of a sentence 句意理解法句意理解法 Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular. _ _ More and more people prefer Internet shopping. Task 3: Write a summary Passage 1 關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞 、句、句 (1)the writer, an old man, fishing, experience, teach sb. a lesson, (2)The secret of success was patienc

16、e. _had_ with _who _. The writer a fishing experience an old man taught him a lesson 詞序變化法詞序變化法 Patience was the secret of success. (2) (1) 連詞成句連詞成句 The writer had a fishing experience with an old man who taught him a lesson. Patience was the secret of success. 句式變化法句式變化法 The writer had a fishing ex

17、perience with an old man who taught him a lesson that patience was the secret of success. The writer tells us（主題）（主題）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事（故事 情節(jié)）情節(jié)）. Key for Passage 1: The writer tells us patience was very important and that it was the secret of success by showing us an example

18、of his unforgettable fishing experience with an old man, who taught him a lesson. ( 35 words) Passage 2: 關(guān)鍵句關(guān)鍵句 Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead. 細(xì)節(jié)省略法細(xì)節(jié)省略法 Dont scold and give praise instead. 詞序變化法、連詞銜接法詞序變化法、連詞銜接法 Give praise instead of scolding. 詞性變換法詞性變換法 Praise children instead

19、 of scolding them. (2) If you teach your children not to fear a mistake of failure, they will learn faster and achieve success at last. Encourage your children and they will make more progress and succeed. 句意理解法句意理解法 同義替換法同義替換法 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法 細(xì)節(jié)省略法細(xì)節(jié)省略法 (1) Praise children instead of scolding them. (2) Encourage your children and they will make more progress and succeed. The article give