第六講-閱讀理解真題練習(xí)及解析詳解

1、第六講 閱讀理解真題練習(xí)及答案詳解 一、2001年1月CET-6閱讀理解真題Part Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice an

2、d mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Birds that are literaly halfasleep-with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleepingcontrol which side of the brain remains awake,according to a new st

3、udy of sleeping ducks.Earlier studies have documented halfbrain sleep in a wide range of birds.The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves.The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut,while the wakeful hemipheres eye stays open and aler

4、t.Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable,endoftherow sleepers.Sure enough,the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions.Ducks in the inner spots sh

5、owed no preference for gaze directions.Also,birds dozing(打盹)at the end of the line resorted to singlehemisphere sleep,rather than total relaxation,more often than inner ducks did.Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a fourduck row,the researchers found outer birds half asleep during some 32 pe

6、rcent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.“We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain,”the researchers say.The results provide the best evidence for a longstanding

7、supposition that singlehemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies.The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread,he predicts.Hes seen it in a pair of birds dozing sidebyside in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by mirror.The mirrorside eye closed as

8、if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.Useful as halfsleeping might be,its only been found in birds and such water mammals(哺乳動(dòng)物)as dolphins,whales,and seals.Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.Studie

9、s of birds may offer unique insights into sleep.Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if brids halfbrain sleep“is just the tip of the iceberg(冰山)”.He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look atother species.11.A new study on birds sleep has revealed that_.A)halfbra

10、in sleep is found in a wide variety of birdsB)halfbrain sleep is characterized by slow brain wavesC)birds can control their halfbrain sleep consciouslyD)birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest12.According to the passage,birds often half sleep because_.A)they have to watch out for po

11、ssible attacksB)their brain hemispheres take turns to restC)the two halves of their brain are differently structuredD)they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions13.The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that_.A)the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadB

12、)birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of securityC)even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of securityD)a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror14.While sleeping,some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to_.A)alert themselves to the approaching ene

13、myB)emerge from water now and then to breatheC)be sensitive to the everchanging environmentD)avoid being swept away by rapid currents15.By “just the tip of the iceberg”(Line 2,Para. 8),Siegel suggests that_.A)halfbrain sleep has something to do with icy weatherB)the mystery of halfbrain sleep is clo

14、se to being solvedC)most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepersD)halfbrain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other speciesQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage: A nineyearold schoolgirl singlehandedly cooks up a sciencefair experiment that ends up debunking(

15、揭穿的真相)a widely practiced medical treatment.Emily Rosas target was a practice known as therapeutic(治療的)touch (TT for short),whose advocates manipulate patients “energy field” to make them feel better and even,say some,to cure them of various ills.Yet Emilys test shows that these energy fields cant be

16、 detected,even by trained TT practitioners(行醫(yī)者).Obviously mindful of the publicity value of the situation,Journal editor George Lundberg appeared on TV to declare,“Age doest matter.Its good science that matters,and this is good science.”Emilys mother Linda Rosa,a registered nurse,has been campaignin

17、g against TT fornearly a decade.Linda first thought about TT in the late 80s,when she learned it was on the approved list for continuing nursing education in Colorado.Its 100,000 trained practitioners (48,000 in the U.S.) dont even touch their patients.Instead,they waved their hands a few inches fro

18、m the patients body,pushingenergy fields around until theyre in “balance.”TT advocates say these manipulations can help heal wounds,relieve pain and reduce fever.The claims are taken seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals,at up to 70 an hour,to smooth patients

19、energy,sometimes during surgery.Yet Rosa could not find any evidence that it works.To provide such proof,TT therapists would have to sit down for independent testingsomething they havent been eager to do,even though James Randi has offered more than 1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existe

20、nce of a human energy field.(Hes had one taker so far.She failed.)A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line.But who could turn down an innocent fourthgrader?Says Emily:“I think they didnt take me very seriously because Im a kid.”The experiment was str

21、aightforward:21 TT therapists stuck their hands,palms up,through a screen.Emily held her own hand over one of theirsleft or rightand the practitioners had to say which hand it was.When the results were recorded,theyd done no better than they would have by simply guessing.If there was an energy field

22、,they couldnt feel it.16.Which of the following is evidence that TT is widely practiced?A)TT has been in existence for decades.B)Many patients were cured by therapeutic touch.C)TT therapists are often employed by leading hospitals.D)More than 100,000 people are undergoing TT treatment.17.Very few TT

23、 practitioners responded to the 1 million offer because_.A)they didnt take the offer seriouslyB)they didnt want to risk their careerC)they were unwilling to reveal their secretD)they thought it was not in line with their practice18.The purpose of Emily Rosas experiment was_.A)to see why TT could wor

24、k the way it didB)to find out how TT cured patients illnessesC)to test whether she could sense the human energy fieldD)to test whether a human energy field really existed19.Why did some TT practitioners agree to be the subjects of Emilys experiment?A)It involved nothing more than mere guessing.B)The

25、y thought it was going to be a lot of fun.C)It was more straightforward than other experiments.D)They sensed no harm in a little girls experiment.20.What can we learn from the passage?A)Some widely accepted belielfs can be deceiving.B)Solid evidence weighs more than pure theories.C)Little children c

26、an be as clever as trained TT practitioners.D)The principle of TT is too profound to understand.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: What might driving on an automated highway be like?The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted.Two distince types are on the draw

27、ing board.The first is a specialpurpose lane system,in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles.The second is a mixed traffic system:fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars.A special-purpose lane system would require more extensiv

28、e physical modifications toexisting highways,but it promises the greatest gains in freeway(高速公路)capacity.Under either scheme,the driver would specify the desired destination,furnishing this infomation to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhapsjust before reaching the automated

29、highway.If a mixed traffic system was in place,automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads.If specialpurpose lanes were available,the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways.One method would use a special onramp(入口引道).As the driver ap

30、proached the point of entry for the highway,devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order.Assuming it passed such tests,the driver would then be guided througha

31、gate and toward an automated lane.In this case,the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp.An alternative techniquecould employ conventional lanes,which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles.The driver would steer onto the highway and move in nor

32、mal fashion to a“transition” lane.The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic.(The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected,because all trespassers(非法進(jìn)入者)could be swiftly identified by authorities.)Either a

33、pproach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling.Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging,without the usual uncertainties and potentialfor accidents.And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel,t

34、he driver would be free to release the wheel,open the morning paper or just relax.21.We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways_.A)are being planned B)are being modifiedC)are now in wide use D)are under construction22.A specialpurpose lane system is probably advantageou

35、s in that_.A)it would require only minor changes to existing highwaysB)it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiencyC)it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehiclesD)it offers more lanes for automated vehicles23.Which of the following is true about driving on an automat

36、ed highway?A)Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations.B)A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.C)The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving onto it.D)The driver should share the automated lane with

37、 those of regular vehicles. 24.We know from the passage that a car can enter a specialpurpose lane_.A)by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional laneB)by way of a ramp with electronic control devicesC)through a specially guarded gateD)after all trespassers are identified and removed25.When dr

38、iving in an automated lane,the driver_.A)should harmonize with newly entering carsB)doesnt have to rely on his computer systemC)should watch out for potential accidentsD)doesnt have to hold out to the steering wheelQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: Taking charge of yourself invo

39、lves putting to rest some very prevalent myths.At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems;to read,write and compute at certain levels,and to resolve abstract equations quickly.This vision of intelligence asserts formal educaton and bo

40、okish excellence as the true measures of selffulfillment.It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results.We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges,who is very good at some form of school discipline is “intelligent.”Ye

41、t mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates.A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective,happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.If you are happy,if you live each moment for everything its worth,then you are an intelligen

42、t person.Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness,but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can stillchoose happiness for yourself,or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness,then you are intelligent.You are intelligent because you have the ultimate wea

43、pon against the big N.B.DNervous Break Down.“Intelligent” people do not have N.B.D.s because they are in charge of themselves.They know how to choose happiness over depression,because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on th

44、e basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances.The life struggles are prettymuch the same for each of us.Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties.Disagreements,conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be hu

45、man.Similarly,money,growing old,sickness,deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virturally all human beings.But some people are able to make it,to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences,while others collapse or have an N.B.D.

46、Those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know;also,the most rare.26.According to the author,the conventional notion of intelligence measuredin terms of ones ability to read,write and compute_.A)i

47、s a widely held but wrong conceptB)will help eliminate intellectual prejudiceC)is the root of all mental distressD)will contribute to ones selffulfillment27.It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree_.A)may result in ones inability to solve complex reallife problemsB)does not indi

48、cate ones ability to write properly worded documentsC)may make one mentally sick and physically weakD)does not mean that one is highly intelligent28.The auther thinks that an intelligent person knows_.A)how to put up with some very prevalent mythsB)how to find the best way to achieve success in life

49、C)how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhileD)how to persuade others to compromise29.In the last paragraph,the author tells us that_.A)difficulties are but part of everyones lifeB)depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in lifeC)everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstancesD)good

50、 feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence30.According to the passage,what kind of people are rare?A)Those who dont emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happiness.B)Those who are aware of diffculties in life but know how to avoid unhappiness.C)Those who measure happiness by

51、 an absence of problems but seldom suffer from N.B.D.s.D) Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying circumstances. Passge 1 內(nèi)容大意 根據(jù)一項(xiàng)對睡眠中的鴨子的新的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，處于半休眠狀態(tài)的鳥兒大腦一邊管警惕，另一邊管睡眠。早期的研究還證實(shí)許多鳥類都有這種半邊大腦休眠功能。腦半球以緩慢的腦波為特點(diǎn)，輪換進(jìn)入休眠期。由休眠的腦半球控制的眼睛緊閉時(shí)，由負(fù)責(zé)警惕的腦半球控制的眼睛睜開并保持警惕。所以大腦兩

52、半球休息時(shí)，鳥兒也一樣能睡眠。數(shù)十年對鳥群的觀察使研究人員相信那些易受攻擊的睡眠鳥群具有額外的警覺。有一點(diǎn)是肯定的，在排尾的鳥，在遠(yuǎn)離同伴的地方細(xì)心觀察。在鴨群中間的鴨子沒有向四周張望的舉動(dòng)。在排尾打盹的鳥也采用單邊腦半球休眠術(shù)，而不是完全放松警惕，其頻繁之次數(shù)要比中間的鳥多得多。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)，研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是由一個(gè)假想的伙伴相陪，鳥兒也會有安全感，那只由腦半球控制、朝向鏡子的眼睛會閉上，而朝向外邊的眼睛會睜開。研究人員還對水生哺乳動(dòng)物進(jìn)行了觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們在休眠時(shí)為了不時(shí)地露出水面呼吸總是保持半清醒狀態(tài)。Siegel最后說他不知道對鳥的這種腦半球休眠功能的研究是否只是“冰山之一角”，在其它物

53、種是否也可能存在這種情況。11.答案C?！緟⒖甲g文】一項(xiàng)對鳥類睡眠的新的調(diào)查表明鳥兒能清醒地控制其半腦睡眠。【試題分析】本題為主旨推理題，考查對短文的中心思想的理解能力?！驹敿?xì)解答】根據(jù)全文的主旨及對鳥類睡眠的實(shí)驗(yàn)可知，鳥兒處于休眠狀態(tài)時(shí)其大腦的一半負(fù)責(zé)警惕，另一半負(fù)責(zé)睡眠，這樣可控制大腦的任何一邊保持清醒狀態(tài)，因此C)birds can control their halfbrain sleep consciously符合題意，為正確答案。A)halfbrain sleep is found in a wide variety of birds(半腦休眠在各種鳥中被證實(shí))。這種說法顯然不符合

54、文章的主旨，因?yàn)榈玫阶C實(shí)的是大腦(兩半球)控制睡眠的功能，而不僅僅是睡眠。所以A)不對。B)halfbrain sleep is characterized by slow brain waves(半腦休眠是以緩慢的腦電波為特征的)。這一說法和原文意思相悖，因?yàn)檫@種認(rèn)為只是全文其中的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，而不是全體，故不能作為本題答案。D)birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest(整個(gè)大腦休息時(shí)鳥兒很少入睡)。這一說法和原文恰恰相反。短文第2段的最后一句話明確表示：Birds also can sleep with both hemi

55、spheres resting at once.(兩腦半球休息時(shí)鳥兒也能立刻入睡。)故D)也不能作為答案。12.答案A?！緟⒖甲g文】根據(jù)短文意思，鳥兒經(jīng)常處于半睡眠狀態(tài)是因?yàn)樗鼈儽仨毦璞灰u擊的可能?！驹囶}分析】本題為推理題，考查對某些段落的理解能力?！驹敿?xì)解答】從短文第二段和第六段中可以判斷出本題的答案為A)。The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut,while the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert.(由睡眠腦半球控制的眼睛閉上，而由清醒腦半球控制的眼睛則睜開并

56、警惕著)。那么，睜開的眼睛保持警惕，其目的是為了防備受到襲擊。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)也證實(shí)了這一說法。The results provide the best evidence for a longstanding supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies(實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果為長期以來人們的推測認(rèn)為單邊腦球的睡眠進(jìn)化是動(dòng)物為了警惕敵人而進(jìn)化而來的最好說明。)A)最符合題意，為正確答案。B)它們的兩腦半球輪流休息，顯然不是主要思想內(nèi)容，不能選用。C)它們的兩腦半球在構(gòu)造上不同。文中沒有談及鳥的大腦的

57、結(jié)構(gòu)。D)它們必須不斷地警惕自己的伙伴，這一說法不合情理，它們所防范的是外來的進(jìn)攻，而不是同類的威脅，故也是錯(cuò)的。13.答案C【參考譯文】那個(gè)在鏡子前面睡覺的鳥的例子說明即使是一個(gè)假想的同類也能給這只鳥以安全感。【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題，考查對詞語的推斷和理解能力?！驹敿?xì)解答】A)鳥兒成對打盹現(xiàn)象比較普遍。這是一個(gè)混淆項(xiàng)，在短文第4段中，打盹的鳥是用一半而不是全部大腦睡覺。這里作者故意把“pair”和“hemisphere”相混淆。另外，鳥打盹時(shí)，不一定是成雙成對的。所以A不對。B)為了安全起見鳥喜歡成雙睡眠，此項(xiàng)和A項(xiàng)類同，不符合題意。C)即使是一個(gè)假想的伙伴也能給只鳥以安全感。從文中第六段最后一句話中可以推理出此項(xiàng)為正確答案。The mirrorside eye closed as if the reflection were companion and the other eye stayed open.(朝鏡子一邊的那只眼睛合上了，鏡中的影子好象是自己的同伴，而另一只眼睛睜開著。)鳥睡覺時(shí)總是一半大腦睡眠，另一半大腦保持警覺，以防襲擊