液力傳動鉆機驅動分析中英文翻譯

1、液力傳動鉆機驅動分析摘要液力傳動鉆機采用液力機械變速箱, 傳動,以適應變化的負載能力,可實現(xiàn)連續(xù)可變扭矩和反轉制動。 現(xiàn)場試驗表明,鉆機功率利用率,高吊裝速度; 相反的制動性能,減少剎車帶負荷; 時刻變化的特點,加強事件處理能力。 通過變矩器驅動鉆井泵可同時保護原動機和工作; 保持額定轉速柴油機的條件下,泵壓可以控制整個過程。熱反應,倒擋離合器和過濾器等方面暴露的問題提出了改進。 使用了2000米深的鉆井液力傳動鉆機。臺鉆機部分由美國紐約內燃發(fā)動機和英國石油廠研制的電源設備,傳輸設備和系統(tǒng)平臺。目前,已通過測試,并使用這種鉆機表現(xiàn)出了良好的性能, 特別是在電力驅動時更加突出的特點,但也暴露出一

2、些問題。據(jù)筆者驅動程式和現(xiàn)場試驗結果,分析了驅動鉆機的特點, 并針對這些問題提出改進意見。 驅動程序目前, 使用中型鉆機(可鉆深1500 2500 )用交流電動機或柴油機為原動機由一個單獨變速機械變速箱,而撥號驅動絞車。鉆井泵用的是單發(fā)動機直接驅動。鉆機液壓傳動普通機械變速箱設定變矩器，液壓機械傳動耦合于一體的液壓機械變速箱,鉆井泵是通過驅動的變矩器。巖芯組成的液壓變速箱, 這是一個類似加拿大鉀650鉆機和美國威爾遜鉆機65b。對艾里遜變速箱, 其結構及工作原理如圖1 。圖1液壓變速箱圖1激活液力變矩器; 2-泵; 3,6-泵; 4輸入軸; 5反向齒輪摩擦離合器; 7冷卻風扇; 8塊高速耦合;

3、 9 -輸出軸; 10 , 中速座液力偶合器液壓變速箱有3座水力機械及反向齒輪. 各檔的電力線如下. 擋：輸入軸z1z2啟動液力變矩器z6z5輸出軸； 擋：輸入軸z1z2中速擋液力偶合器z6z5輸出軸； 擋：輸入軸z1z3高速擋液力偶合器z7z5輸出軸； 倒擋：輸入軸z9z10z11倒擋摩擦離合器z7z5輸出軸。操作特征1 . 泵及驅動特性如圖2所示,泵檔的操作特性, 柴油和變矩器,其輸出特性的聯(lián)合工作(渦輪軸力矩mw、泵輪軸力矩mb、變矩器效率與渦輪軸轉速nw的關系)的內容。其優(yōu)勢主要表現(xiàn)在三個方面:第一,根據(jù)負載的變化,自動和無級變速扭矩。從主體開始鉆探,可提高功率效率 從而提高鉆機的工效

4、。第二,無論怎樣的負荷變化,柴油機在最佳的營運狀態(tài), 這是規(guī)模較大的負荷變化泵i組表現(xiàn)更為突出。第三，是變矩器能力改變適應機組負荷變化的能力大大加強, 起重事故,并承載能力強。圖2柴油變矩器聯(lián)合工作的輸出特性2 . 二檔和三檔的操作性圖3所示,在二檔和三檔驅動的特性,即柴油和耦合聯(lián)合工作輸出特性(渦輪軸力矩mw、偶合器效率與渦輪軸轉速nw的關系)。理論上,渦輪,可任意轉速運行,甚至停轉, 泵輪的速度取決于柴油發(fā)動機轉速允許范圍內。但這個速度,以擴大有關的功率損耗為代價, 為確保傳動效率高,一般不應作為耦合限速裝置。圖3柴油耦合聯(lián)合工作輸出特性3 .鉆機的提升特性根據(jù)柴油機和柴油耦合的聯(lián)合工作特

5、性曲線, 以及鉆機的具體性能參數(shù)?？梢缘玫揭毫鲃鱼@機性能提升特性(見圖4 )。整個提升曲線abcdef。理論上, 擋、擋和擋的工作范圍分別為ef段、cde段和abc段。事實上,為了保證高耦合效率的工作, 最佳工作狀態(tài), 實際上，為了保證偶合器有較高的工作效率，最好讓擋工作在def段，擋工作在bcd段，擋工作在ab段。圖4鉆機性能提升特性4 . 液力變矩器逆向制動性能在下鉆和套管過程中, 鉆機掛合液力擋，此時變矩器處于反轉制動工況，柴油機帶動泵輪正轉，鉆具或套管柱帶動渦輪反轉。變矩器內的液體作用于渦輪的力矩方向與渦輪轉向相反，這種力矩起阻止渦輪反轉的作用。這樣利用變矩器的反轉制動特性就起到了等

6、同于鉆機輔助剎車（如水剎車）的作用，減小了帶剎車的載荷。反轉制動力的大小與充油量成正比，通過控制進入擋變矩器的充油量，可以控制制動力的大小。適當提高柴油機的轉速，使泵輪的轉速提高，也可使反轉制動力增大。再輔以帶剎車，即可根據(jù)鉤載的大小，隨意調節(jié)制動力的大小，從而獲得滿意的下放速度。 總之,液壓傳動的三個鉆機是全液壓傳動的電力傳輸, 可以吸收和降低發(fā)動機和工作機的振動,沖擊,驅動等。提高柴油發(fā)動機,傳動部分機器的效率和壽命?，F(xiàn)場試驗結果液力傳動鉆機現(xiàn)場試驗現(xiàn)場測試深度1950m試驗井?，F(xiàn)場試驗表明,鉆機液壓驅動鉆機有以下優(yōu)點。( 1 )起升一檔的無級變速特性,功率利用率將提高到90% ,確保更高

7、的啟動速度. 比傳統(tǒng)的機械傳動鉆機時間減少在20%23% 。( 2 )鉆頭變矩器用反向制動的特點,在鉆井中未經任何處理的制動能充分實現(xiàn)速度控制,操作簡單, 減少制動輪制動摩擦片的磨損。( 3 )作為一個大變矩器有著較大的變矩系數(shù),在處理鉆井事故電力設備有充足的電力, 傳輸設備驅動力矩大。( 4 )消除貓頭,井口,以加強利用機械化設備,運行安全情況已經有所改善。( 5 )變速傳動裝置的噪音,在一定程度上降低了,可以操作的過程中的轉向. 簡化換擋操作。 鉆機在試驗過程中也暴露出以下幾個問題。( 1 )用一檔傳輸變矩器,液壓齒輪箱傳動油溫度上升較快, 一般溫度迅速達到90,然后冷卻裝置,以保持恒溫.

8、 這表明變矩器效率不高,部分動能變成熱能。( 2 ) 傳動油的散熱裝置設計不合理，造成液力傳動箱體積過于龐大，而且風扇及電動機不便于現(xiàn)場維修更換。 ( 3 ) 機械式倒擋離合器不能滿足處理井下事故或復雜的工藝要求，摩擦片極易變形而失效。( 4 )變速器的過濾器的位置不太合理, 尤其是泵和過濾器清洗拆裝現(xiàn)場是很難的。 ( 5 )液壓齒輪箱,齒輪反向運動之間的相互干擾的問題,也就是, 他們座之間缺乏聯(lián)鎖裝置。2 . 液壓泵測在整個鉆井過程中,通過變矩器泵機組進行了現(xiàn)場測試。鉆井深718.36米,在發(fā)動機轉速一直穩(wěn)定在1200r/min , 泵時間約為106分鐘1 ,隨著鉆井深度,泵5 mpa的壓力

9、逐漸上升,至12兆帕之后,以較低的發(fā)動機轉速,泵壓穩(wěn)定在10, 20。在157小時連續(xù)運行,除在第一軸變矩器漏油,其他一切正常。 測試結果顯示,液壓傳動泵集團,具有以下的優(yōu)點。( 1 ) 可有效保護原動機。與泵及變矩器配套使用的12v190柴油機，在通過調節(jié)充油閥給其加載時，其載荷是緩慢均勻地增加的，避免了柴油機突然增加或減去很大載荷。據(jù)現(xiàn)場觀察，在使用調壓閥調節(jié)泵壓時，柴油機的轉速、聲音及排煙情況均無明顯的變化。這樣可杜絕柴油機的“飛車”現(xiàn)象，延長柴油機的使用壽命。( 2 )建立有效的保障機制. 轉換后,輸出速度也逐漸增加,從零達到所需的速度(泵壓) , 避免工作,為鉆井泵的轉速突然上升速度

10、的原始動機轉速。( 3 )避免了氣胎兒離合器裝置,提高了水泵工作的可靠性。氣輪胎摩擦系數(shù),摩擦輪傳動皮帶和水泵工作是一個薄弱環(huán)節(jié), 容易發(fā)生故障和損壞,特殊氣體或冬季結冰時氣球往往造成事故的影響,鉆井, 生產連續(xù)性。采用液力變矩器來解決這個問題。據(jù)該變矩器傳動特性, 我們可以擺脫膠帶輪采用直接傳輸,而且易于自動化。( 4 ) 速柴油機為了保持額定轉的條件下,泵壓可以控制整個過程, 鉆井技術,以滿足復雜的要求下。液壓泵驅動的使用中也暴露出以下幾個問題。( 1 )由于增加了變矩器，水泵和整體質量的傳輸過程也相應的增加了能耗。( 2 ) 在現(xiàn)場環(huán)境惡劣,水泵，柴油驅動的安裝調試更加困難,從而影響整個

11、鉆機的使用。( 3 )推廣使用的鉆機,但配件供應更加緊張。4.變矩器的反轉制動特性在下鉆和下套管過程中，鉆機掛合液力擋，此時變矩器處于反轉制動工況，柴油機帶動泵輪正轉，鉆具或套管柱帶動渦輪反轉。變矩器內的液體作用于渦輪的力矩方向與渦輪轉向相反，這種力矩起阻止渦輪反轉的作用。這樣利用變矩器的反轉制動特性就起到了等同于鉆機輔助剎車（如水剎車）的作用，減小了帶剎車的載荷。反轉制動力的大小與充油量成正比，通過控制進入擋變矩器的充油量，可以控制制動力的大小。適當提高柴油機的轉速，使泵輪的轉速提高，也可使反轉制動力增大。再輔以帶剎車，即可根據(jù)鉤載的大小，隨意調節(jié)制動力的大小，從而獲得滿意的下放速度。綜上所

12、述，液力傳動鉆機的3個正擋都以液力傳動方式傳遞動力，能吸收并減小來自發(fā)動機和工作機的振動和沖擊，使傳動系統(tǒng)傳動柔和，提高了柴油機、傳動零部件以及工作機的使用壽命。 現(xiàn)場試驗結果 1.液力傳動鉆機現(xiàn)場試驗 試驗井井深1950m?，F(xiàn)場試驗表明，dqzj20y型液力傳動鉆機具有如下優(yōu)點。(1)起升擋的無級變速特性，將功率利用率提高到90%左右，保證較高的起升速度，比傳統(tǒng)的機械傳動鉆機節(jié)省起升時間20%30%。(2)下鉆時利用液力變矩器的反轉制動特性，下鉆均勻，且不用剎把就可實現(xiàn)全程速度控制，操作簡單，減小了剎車轂和剎帶摩擦塊的磨損。(3)由于變矩器有較大的變矩系數(shù)，在處理鉆井事故時動力設備功率足，傳

13、動設備傳動力矩大。(4)甩掉貓頭，強化井口機械化裝置的使用，使操作安全性得到提高。(5)變速和傳動裝置的噪音有一定程度的降低，且可以在運轉過程中換擋，簡化了換擋操作。 該型鉆機在試驗過程中也暴露出如下問題。(1)使用擋變矩器傳動時,液力傳動箱的傳動油溫度上升較快，一般溫升很快達到90c，然后散熱裝置保持溫度基本恒定。這說明變矩器的使用效率不高，有部分動能轉化為熱能。 (2)傳動油的散熱裝置設計不合理，造成液力傳動箱體積過于龐大，而且風扇及電動機不便于現(xiàn)場維修更換。 (3)機械式倒擋離合器不能滿足處理井下事故或復雜的工藝要求，摩擦片極易變形而失效。 (4)傳動油過濾器位置及過濾方式不太合理，尤其

14、是離心泵和過濾器的現(xiàn)場拆裝清洗十分困難。 (5)液力傳動箱的正、倒擋之間存在運動的相互干擾問題，在正、倒擋之間缺乏互鎖裝置。2.液力傳動泵組試驗 在整個鉆井過程中對通過液力變矩器傳動的機泵組進行了現(xiàn)場試驗。鉆井深度在718.36m之前柴油機轉速一直穩(wěn)定在1200r/min，泵的沖次約為106min-1，隨著鉆井深度增加，泵壓從5mpa逐漸上升至12mpa。之后采取降低柴油機轉速的方法，使泵壓穩(wěn)定在1011mpa。在157h的連續(xù)運轉中，除液力變矩器軸頭發(fā)生漏油外，其它一切正常。試驗表明，液力傳動機泵組具有如下優(yōu)點。 (1)可有效保護原動機。與泵及變矩器配套使用的12v190柴油機，在通過調節(jié)充

15、油閥給其加載時，其載荷是緩慢均勻地增加的，避免了柴油機突然增加或減去很大載荷。據(jù)現(xiàn)場觀察，在使用調壓閥調節(jié)泵壓時，柴油機的轉速、聲音及排煙情況均無明顯的變化。這樣可杜絕柴油機的“飛車”現(xiàn)象，延長柴油機的使用壽命。 (2)可有效保護工作機。經過變矩器輸出的轉速是從零開始逐步升高而達到工作需要的轉速（泵壓）的，避免了工作機鉆井泵的轉速突然增加到原動機的轉速。 (3)省去了氣胎離合器裝置，提高了泵組工作的可靠性。氣胎、摩擦片、摩擦轂和傳動膠帶是泵組工作的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，容易發(fā)生故障和損壞，特別是冬季氣路結冰常引起氣囊燒壞事故，影響鉆井生產的連續(xù)性。使用液力變矩器解決了這一問題。 (4)在保持柴油機的額定轉

16、速條件下，可實現(xiàn)泵壓的全過程控制，滿足鉆井工藝在各種復雜情況下的要求，在復雜區(qū)塊將更能顯示其優(yōu)越性。 液力傳動泵組在試驗及現(xiàn)場使用過程中也暴露出如下問題。 (1)由于增加了液力變矩器，泵組的整體質量及傳動過程中的能耗也相應增加。(2)在現(xiàn)場條件較差時，泵、柴油機傳動裝置的安裝和校正較為困難，影響鉆機整拖時效。 (3)鉆機尚未推廣使用，配件供應較為緊張。 附錄b1control by jack l. johnson, p. e.pump control vs valve control:efficiency or performance?dqzj - 20y hydrodynamic drive

17、 rig driven analysisabstract papers dqzj - 20y hydrodynamic drive rigs used hydraulic mechanical gearbox, transmission soft, adapt to the changes in the load capacity can be achieved continuously variable torque and braking inversion. field test showed that the rig power utilization, and high hoisti

18、ng speed; conversely braking characteristics reduce the belt brake load; moments change the characteristics of strengthening the ability to handle incidents. through the torque converter drive drilling pump can simultaneously protecting the original motivation and work; maintain the rated speed of t

19、he diesel engine conditions, pump pressure can be controlled throughout the entire process. thermal response, reverse gear clutch and filters, etc. exposed to the issues raised improvements. the use of a 2000 m deep drilling of new dqzj - 20y hydrodynamic drive rig, taiwan drilling rigs in part by t

20、he united states diesel plant new york institute of the ministry of internal combustion engines and british petroleum plant developed by the power equipment, transmission equipment and rig system. currently, through testing, and use of this rig shown a good performance, particularly in the power dri

21、ven more prominent characteristics, but also exposed some problems. according to the author-driven programs and on-site test results, analysis of the rig driven characteristics, and to address the problems and propose improvements. driver program at present, the use of medium-sized rig (available dr

22、illing deep 1500 2500) the use of ac motors or diesel engine as the original motivated by a separate variable speed mechanical gearbox, and dial-driven winch. drilling pump is used single-engine direct drive. dqzj - 20y rig hydraulic transmission of ordinary mechanical gearbox to set torque converte

23、r, hydraulic and mechanical coupling drive in the integrated hydraulic mechanical gearbox, drilling pump is driven through the torque converter. drill core components of the hydraulic gearbox, it is similar to the canadian k-650 rigs and the united states wilson-65b rig on the allison transmission,

24、its structure and working principle as shown in figure 1.figure 1 hydraulic gearbox map 1-activated hydraulic torque converter; 2-pump; 3,6-pumps; 4-input shaft; 5-reverse gear friction clutch; 7-cooling fans; 8-block high-speed fluid coupling; 9-output shaft; 10-, medium-speed block hydraulic coupl

25、er hydraulic gearbox with three block hydraulic machinery and a reverse gear. block the transmission of the power line is as follows. i block : input axis z1 z2 start torque converter possible di output shaft; ii block : input shaft z1 z2 medium speed hydraulic coupling block possible di output shaf

26、t; block : input shaft z1 z3 block high-speed fluid coupling portrait di output shaft;reverse gear : input shaft z3 z10 screening of resistance reverse gear friction clutch portrait di output shaft. driving characteristics 1. i block pumps and the driving characteristics is shown in figure 2 and pum

27、p block the driving characteristics, diesel is actually torque converter and the output characteristics of the joint work (mw turbine shaft torque, torque pump axle mb, converter efficiency turbine shaft speed and the relationship between j). its main advantages of performance in three areas : first

28、, according to the load changes automatically and continuously variable torque. i used to block the main starting drilling, which can increase the power efficiency, thereby enhancing the rig with or ergonomics. second, regardless of how the load changes, the diesel engine has the best operating poin

29、t operations, this is of the larger load changes pump group i show more prominent. three of the torque converter is the ability to change pitch adaptation unit load change capacity greatly strengthened, lifting accident and started carrying capacity. figure 2 diesel-converter output characteristics

30、of the joint working 2. block ii and iii block driving characteristics 待添加的隱藏文字內容3 figure 3 is shown in block ii and iii block-driven characteristics, that is, diesel and coupling joint work output characteristics (mw turbine shaft torque. coupling efficiency turbine shaft speed and the relationship

31、 between j). its main advantage is the speed turbine pump round scope than a lot of the expansion. in theory, the turbine can be arbitrary speed operation, or even halt, pump round depends on the speed of the diesel engine speed range allowed. but this speed to expand the scope of the power loss at

32、the cost, to ensure a higher transmission efficiency, general should not be coupling as a speed device. figure 3 diesel-coupling joint work output characteristics 3. characteristics of the rig upgrade according diesel-converter and diesel-coupling of the joint working characteristic curve, and the r

33、ig specific performance parameters. can be dqzj - 20y hydrodynamic drive drilling rig upgrade properties (shown in figure 4). upgrade the entire curve abcdef. theoretically, the block i, ii and iii block retaining the scope of work for ef, cde and of the abc. in fact, in order to guarantee a high co

34、upling efficiency of the work, the best block i work for the def, ii block in bcd, iii block in the work of ab.figure 4 rigs to upgrade properties4. the torque converter reverse braking characteristics under the next drilling and casing process, hydraulic drilling rig kakeya i resisted and torque co

35、nverter at this time to start anti-conversion status, diesel pump driven round was changing, drilling or driven turbine casing reversal. converter role of the liquid in the direction of the turbine and turbine torque to the contrary, this moment onwards turbine stop the role reversal. such a use of

36、the reverse braking torque converter character played in the same rig auxiliary braking (braking water), reduce the load with the brakes. anti-conversion engine of the size and volume of oil-filled proportional, i entered through the control of the oil-filled block converter volume can control the s

37、ize of the braking force. increase the engine speed so that the pump wheel speed increase, but also enable the anti-conversion augmented. conjunction with the brakes, the hook can be set according to the size, adjustable braking force to the size, and be satisfied with the pace of decentralization.i

38、n summary, hydraulic transmission of the three rigs are to block all hydraulic drive power transmission, can absorb and reduce engine from the plane and the vibration, and shock, the drive soft, raising the diesel engine, transmission parts of the machine work and life. field test results 1.hydrauli

39、c drive rigs field test depth of 1950m test wells. field tests show that, dqzj - 20y-hydraulic drive rig with the following advantages. (1) or i block the cvt characteristics, power utilization will be raised to 90%, ensuring higher starting speed. than the traditional mechanical transmission rig ti

40、me saved up or 20% 30%.(2) drilling torque converter used by the reverse braking characteristics, drilling under uniform, without any brake handle can achieve full speed control, simple operation, reducing the brake wheel and brake friction with pieces of wear and tear.(3) as a larger torque convert

41、er change pitch coefficient, in dealing with drilling accidents power equipment adequate power, transmission equipment drive torque. (4) eliminating cat, wellhead to strengthen the use of mechanized equipment, operational safety has been improved. (5) variable transmission device and the noise to a

42、certain extent reduced, and can operate in the process of shifting. simplified shift operation.the rig in the testing process has also revealed the following issues. (1) i use block transmission torque converter, hydraulic gear box drive oil temperature rise faster, general temperature quickly reach

43、ed 90 c and then cooling devices to maintain constant temperature. this shows the torque converter efficiency is not high, some of the kinetic energy into thermal energy. (2) transmission oil cooling device unreasonable, causing hydraulic transmission box size is too big, but fans and electrical mai

44、ntenance is not easy for replacement. (3) mechanical clutch reverse gear can accommodate underground accident or complex process requirements of extreme friction film deformation invalidated. (4) transmission oil filters and filter position is not reasonable, in particular pump and filter cleaning d

45、ismounting the scene is very difficult. (5) hydraulic gear box is, reverse gear movement between the mutual interference problem, is, they do block between lack of interlocking device.2. hydraulic pump test drive throughout the process of drilling through the transmission torque converter pump unit

46、conducted an on-site test. drilling depth of 718.36 m in before the engine speed has been stable at 1200r/min, pump-time is about 106 min-1, with increased drilling depth, pump 5 mpa pressure from rising gradually to 12 mpa. after taking the lower the engine speed, the pump pressure stabilized at 10

47、 ,20. in 157 h of continuous operation, in addition to the first axis torque converter spill, all other normal. test showed that the hydraulic transmission pump group has the following advantages.(1) can effectively protect the primary motive. converter with matching pumps and the use of v190 diesel 12, by adjusting the valve to its oil-filled loading, its load is slow to increase the uniformity and avoid a sudden increase in diesel or minus big load. field observations, the use of pump pressure relief valve adjustment, the engine speed, sound and smoke of no obvious changes.