大棚蔬菜應(yīng)對(duì)高溫措施

1、大棚蔬菜應(yīng)對(duì)高溫措施 夏季高溫期間蔬菜大棚內(nèi)溫度較高，有時(shí)午后棚溫高達(dá)40以上，生產(chǎn)上如果管理不當(dāng)，常對(duì)蔬菜莖葉造成危害，主要表現(xiàn)為葉緣焦枯、葉片萎蔫黃化等，對(duì)蔬菜生產(chǎn)影響很大。高溫對(duì)蔬菜的影響土溫過(guò)高各類蔬菜根系生長(zhǎng)的最適溫度不同，喜溫型蔬菜根系生長(zhǎng)的適宜溫度為1820，土溫超過(guò)25根系吸收能力減弱，超過(guò)35根系生長(zhǎng)受罪，植株易感染、早衰。氣溫過(guò)高引起植株失水萎蔫。影響花粉活力，導(dǎo)致茄果類、豆類蔬菜落花，坐果率降低，畸形果增加。易使番茄、西瓜、冬瓜、辣椒等果實(shí)受日灼，影響商品性。植株光合作用減弱，呼吸作用增強(qiáng)，內(nèi)部養(yǎng)分虧缺，易生長(zhǎng)不良。影響花芽分化。高溫長(zhǎng)日照使黃瓜雄花增多，雌花分化晚。番茄

2、與辣椒花芽分化時(shí)，在高溫條件下花少，發(fā)育不良。影響正常色素形成。番茄遇35以上高溫，茄紅素難以形成，果實(shí)常出現(xiàn)黃、紅、白幾種顏色相同的現(xiàn)象，商品性降低。植株易徒長(zhǎng)。應(yīng)對(duì)措施通風(fēng) 做好棚內(nèi)通風(fēng)降溫和避雨工作，在晴天晝夜打開(kāi)大棚門(mén)，把棚兩側(cè)薄膜上卷至棚肩，加大通風(fēng)量。下雨時(shí)蓋好通風(fēng)處薄膜，防止雨水進(jìn)入棚內(nèi)。蓋遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng) 在棚膜上蓋遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)，可以減弱棚內(nèi)光照、降低棚溫、防暴雨沖擊，有效改善作物生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境。在青菜、早芹菜等速生葉菜上使用遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)，可以提早播種和上市；在花椰菜、番茄、辣椒、茄子等秋菜秧苗上使用遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)，有利于培育壯秧。澆水 采取小水勤澆、培土和畦面覆蓋等辦法來(lái)降低地溫，以早晨澆水為好，有條件的基地可

3、應(yīng)用微滴微噴技術(shù)。搶種抗熱葉菜 盡可能選用抗熱品種，如抗熱性較好的青菜、莧菜、早芹菜等葉菜品種。噴施葉面肥 噴施黃腐酸葉面肥等可提高蔬菜對(duì)高溫強(qiáng)光的耐受能力。其他 高溫多雨季節(jié)要做好追施肥水、摘除病葉與老葉、整枝綁蔓、病蟲(chóng)害防治等工作。蔬菜采收結(jié)束后及時(shí)清園，把植株枝葉清出棚外燒毀或堆埋，深耕土壤。c29c91afe4ced1b6c8795ad9c91afe4ced1b6c8795ad91afe4ced1b6c8795ad9c91fe4ced1b6c8795ad29c91afedd1b6c87d1b6c8795ad9c91afe4ced1b6c8795ad91afe4ced1b6c8795ad

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