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1、主謂一致主謂一致 指主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上必需指主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上必需堅持一致。堅持一致。三大原那么三大原那么 語法上一致語法上一致 意義上一致意義上一致 就近原那么就近原那么語法上一致語法上一致The number of errors _ (be)surprising.Jane and Mary _(look) alike.主語為單數(shù)方式,謂語動詞用單數(shù)方式,主語為單數(shù)方式,謂語動詞用單數(shù)方式,主語為復(fù)數(shù)方式,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)方主語為復(fù)數(shù)方式,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)方式。式。islook意義上一致意義上一致The family _(be )watching TV at home .The news

2、 _(be )very exciting.主語的方式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),主語的方式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),形單意復(fù)的單詞如謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),形單意復(fù)的單詞如:people , police, cattle.主語方式為復(fù)數(shù),意義卻為單數(shù),謂語主語方式為復(fù)數(shù),意義卻為單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù),形復(fù)意單的如:動詞用單數(shù),形復(fù)意單的如:works ,news 和一些以和一些以ies結(jié)尾的學(xué)科稱號結(jié)尾的學(xué)科稱號 physics , politiesareis就近原那么就近原那么Either your students or Mr Wang _ (know)this .Not only th

3、e students but also their teacher _ (have ) seen the film. 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)的方式取決于最接近謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)的方式取決于最接近它的詞語。它的詞語。如用連詞如用連詞or , either or , neither nor , not only but also 等銜接的并列主語,等銜接的并列主語,假設(shè)一個是單數(shù),一個是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂假設(shè)一個是單數(shù),一個是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語動詞與接近它的詞語一致。語動詞與接近它的詞語一致。knowshas詳細(xì)留意要點(diǎn)詳細(xì)留意要點(diǎn)一一.名詞做主語名詞做主語1. 某些集體名詞,如某些集體名詞,如family ,te

4、am 等做主語時,等做主語時,假設(shè)當(dāng)一個整體看,謂語動詞就用單數(shù),假假設(shè)當(dāng)一個整體看,謂語動詞就用單數(shù),假設(shè)就其中一個一個成員來看,謂語動詞就用設(shè)就其中一個一個成員來看,謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù),復(fù)數(shù),class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。等。其中其中population 的用法也類似的用法也類似His family _(be) going to have a long journey. They whole family _(be) having lunch. The popul

5、ation of China _(be)very large ,and eighty percent of the population in China _(be) farmer. isareisare2.某些集體名詞,某些集體名詞,people ,police ,cattle 等只當(dāng)是復(fù)等只當(dāng)是復(fù)數(shù)對待,謂語須用復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)對待,謂語須用復(fù)數(shù).The police _(be) searching for him. 3. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞語做主語,謂語應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞語做主語,謂語應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決議其單復(fù)數(shù)的方式。議其單復(fù)數(shù)的方式。A sheep _(be )over there .Some

6、sheep _(be ) over there .4. 有些名詞復(fù)數(shù)方式作為一個整體,如度量,有些名詞復(fù)數(shù)方式作為一個整體,如度量,間隔,金額,時間,書名等其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。間隔,金額,時間,書名等其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Three weeks _(be ) not enough to finish the work .1000dollars _(be ) a large amount of money. areisareisis5. 名詞一切格之后的名詞被省略這種情況普通紙名詞一切格之后的名詞被省略這種情況普通紙商,工場,住宅等,這時,動詞普通用單數(shù)。常商,工場,住宅等,這時,動詞普通用單數(shù)。常見

7、的有:見的有:the baker s, the barber s , the Zhang s等。等。 留意:表示店鋪的名詞做主語時,謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。留意:表示店鋪的名詞做主語時,謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。The doctors _(be ) on the side of the street .My uncles _(be ) not far from here .Richardson s _(have) a lot of imported goods to sell. isishave6. 單數(shù)名詞被單數(shù)名詞被more than one , many a 修飾,概念修飾,概念上是復(fù)數(shù),但中心詞是單數(shù),謂語

8、須用單數(shù)。留上是復(fù)數(shù),但中心詞是單數(shù),謂語須用單數(shù)。留意意“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one構(gòu)造之后,謂語多構(gòu)造之后,謂語多用復(fù)數(shù)。用復(fù)數(shù)。More than one student _(have ) seen the film .Many a man _(have ) tried it before .More members than one _(be ) against your plan.hashasare7.由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示工具或衣物的名詞做主語的由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示工具或衣物的名詞做主語的時,謂語常用復(fù)數(shù),時,謂語常用復(fù)數(shù),glasses, clothes, trou

9、sers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors 等,但當(dāng)主等,但當(dāng)主語用語用a pair of , a series of , a set of +名詞時,謂語名詞時,謂語都用單數(shù)。都用單數(shù)。These clothes _ (be) my brothers.A pair of shoes _(be) on the desk.areis8.this kind of +單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞 this kind of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞+of this kind these kinds of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ of the

10、se kindsThis kind of man _ (be) dangerous.Men of these kind _(be) dangerous.謂語用單數(shù)謂語用單數(shù)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)isare9. 假設(shè)名詞詞組中心詞是假設(shè)名詞詞組中心詞是all, most , half , rest,等詞等詞語時,假設(shè)所指的是復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語就用復(fù)數(shù),語時,假設(shè)所指的是復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語就用復(fù)數(shù),反之就用單數(shù)。反之就用單數(shù)。All of my classmates _ (work) hard .All of the water _ (be) gone.10. 復(fù)數(shù)方式的單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞,如,復(fù)數(shù)方式的單復(fù)

11、數(shù)同形的名詞,如,works, Chinese, Japanese, 做單數(shù)意義解的時,謂語用單做單數(shù)意義解的時,謂語用單數(shù),反之用復(fù)數(shù)。數(shù),反之用復(fù)數(shù)。This glass works _ (be) set up in 1982.These glass works _(be) near the railway station.workisisare11.在主謂倒裝句中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主在主謂倒裝句中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。語一致。Out _ (rush) a boy .Between the two windows _(hang) a picture.12.不定代詞不定代詞

12、each , every , no所修飾的名詞,即使所修飾的名詞,即使以逗號或銜接成多主語時,謂語仍用單數(shù)。以逗號或銜接成多主語時,謂語仍用單數(shù)。Each boy and each girl _(want) to serve the people in the future.rusheshangswants由連詞銜接的名詞做主語由連詞銜接的名詞做主語用用and或或 bothand 銜接并列主語,謂語用復(fù)銜接并列主語,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。留意:假設(shè)并列主語表示同一概念,指同數(shù)。留意:假設(shè)并列主語表示同一概念,指同一人或同一概念時,謂語用單數(shù)。一人或同一概念時,謂語用單數(shù)。 Plastics and ru

13、bber never _ (rot) .To love and to be loved _ (be) the great happiness.The girls teacher and friend _(be) a young doctors.Bread and butter a knife and forkSalt and water a needle and threadIron and steelrotsisis2.主語后接主語后接as well as , as much as , no less than , along with, with, like , rather than ,

14、 together with, but , except, besides, including , in addition to , 等等引導(dǎo)的詞組時,其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單復(fù)數(shù)引導(dǎo)的詞組時,其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單復(fù)數(shù)來定。來定。The teacher as well as the students _(be) excided.Nobody but some students _(be) here.The teacher besides the students also _(go) to see the film.isisgoes3.以以or , either or , neither

15、 nor , not only but also 等銜接的名詞或代詞做主語時,謂語動詞的單等銜接的名詞或代詞做主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)按照就近原那么。復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)按照就近原那么。Either you or he _(be) to go .Not only he but also I _(be) wrong .isam代詞做主語代詞做主語1.名詞性物主代詞做主語時,謂語的方式取決于它名詞性物主代詞做主語時,謂語的方式取決于它所替代的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。所替代的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。Ours _(be) a great Party .Your shoes are black , mine _(be) brown

16、 .2. Such , the same 起指示代詞作用時,應(yīng)根據(jù)其所起指示代詞作用時,應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來決議單復(fù)數(shù)。指的內(nèi)容來決議單復(fù)數(shù)。Such _(be ) our plan. Such _(be) his words .isareisare3.不定代詞不定代詞any , some, more , either, neither , none , all, 等做主語時,有以下的兩種情況等做主語時,有以下的兩種情況:單獨(dú)做主語時,視其意思而定。單獨(dú)做主語時,視其意思而定?!安欢ù~不定代詞+of +不可數(shù)名詞,不可數(shù)名詞, 謂語用單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù),“不不定代詞定代詞+of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代

17、詞,復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞, 謂語動詞用謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可,單復(fù)數(shù)均可,neither , either 單獨(dú)做主語時,單獨(dú)做主語時,謂語常用單數(shù)。謂語常用單數(shù)。Now all _(have) been changed.All _(be) presents.None of the meat _(be) fresh.None of them _ (have) seen the film.Neither _(be) satisfactory.hasareishave/hasis分?jǐn)?shù),量數(shù)做主語分?jǐn)?shù),量數(shù)做主語1.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞,名詞,“a lot of (lots of , plent

18、y of , a large quantity of , half of )+名詞做名詞做主語時,假設(shè)其中的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,謂語主語時,假設(shè)其中的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),假設(shè)是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù)。用復(fù)數(shù),假設(shè)是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù)。Lots of damage_(be) caused by fire.Three fifths of the workers here_(be) women.A number of students _(have) read the novel.The number of pages in this book _(be) two hundred.i

19、sarehaveis2. “l(fā)arge quantities of +可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞做主可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞做主語時,謂語普通用復(fù)數(shù)。語時,謂語普通用復(fù)數(shù)。Quantities of food(nuts) _(be) on the table.3. “a great deal of (a large amount of )+不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞做主語時,做主語時, 謂語常用單數(shù),謂語常用單數(shù),“l(fā)arge amounts of +不可數(shù)名詞做主語時,不可數(shù)名詞做主語時, 謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。A great deal of damage _(be) done in a very short

20、 time.Large amounts of money _(be) spent on the bridge.areisare3.“one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時,謂語用單復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。數(shù)。One and a half bananas _(be) left on the table.4. Half of (part of )+ 名詞做主語時,假設(shè)名詞為單名詞做主語時,假設(shè)名詞為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù),假設(shè)名數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù),假設(shè)名詞為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。詞為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Half of the task _(be) easier

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