人教版英語八年級下unit1講解與練習(xí)

1、 Unit1 Whats the matter？1. Whatt the matter ? 怎么了 ？matter此處為可數(shù)名詞，意為“毛??；麻煩”，通常用于句型 Whats the matter with sb. ?中。該問句常用來詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了何種麻煩 。Whats the matter with him ? 他怎么了 ？He has a headache . 他頭痛 。拓展：matter還可作為不及物動詞，意為“要緊，有關(guān)系”，主要用于否定句，疑問句或者條件句中。 It doesnt matter . 沒有關(guān)系 。 Does it matter if Im a bit la

2、te ? 我晚一會到有關(guān)系嗎 ？ ）.no matter 與 who , what , where 等連用， 相當(dāng)于 whoever , whatever ,wherever 等，可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 Dont open the door , no matter who comes . 不管誰來都別開口。2. I have stomachache . 我胃痛 。 Stomachache為可數(shù)名詞，意為“胃痛；腹痛”Eg: Mary didnt come to school yesterday because she had a stomachache. 拓展： 在英語中，一部分表示身體部位的名

3、詞加上名詞ache（疼痛）后，可以構(gòu)成合成名詞。如 headache頭痛，toothache牙痛，stomachache胃痛，backache背痛，earache耳朵痛。3. She talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water . 她昨天說話太多，并且沒有喝足夠的水。 （1）此處too much 相當(dāng)于一個副詞，修飾動詞talked ,放在后面作狀語，意為“太多”。 Eg: She worried too much . Eating too much is bad for your health. （2）此處enough為形容詞

4、，意為“足夠的”。修飾名詞時，常放在名詞前，且位置后置。 Eg: It is good enough gor me . Is the water warm enough for you ? Enough還可以構(gòu)成句型搭配：be + adj.+enough+to do “足夠.做某事” Eg: Though he has grown up , he isnt brave enough to go out alone at night. 4. Drink some hot tea with honey . 喝些加有蜂蜜的熱茶 。 with為介詞，在此處意為“加上；具有；帶有”，表示事物的附屬部分或

5、所具有的性質(zhì)，其反義詞為without。Eg: Would you like some tea with sugar ? China is a country with a long history . No man could live without water .拓展： with意為“和.在一起” Mr.Black is talking with a friend . with 意為“用（工具、手段等）” You can cut it with a knife . with 表示方式、情況或者條件 。 She likes to sleep with the light on . The

6、teacher came in with a smile on his face . 例題解析： Would you like some coffee,please ? Yes , and please get some sugar . I prefer coffee_sugar . A . to B. for CwithDfrom 5. You need to take breaks away from the computer .你需要離開電腦休息幾天 。 (1) need 在此處為實意動詞，意為“需要”，后面可接名詞，代詞，動名詞及帶有to 的不定式作賓語。Eg: We need to

7、think twice about it . She needs your help .拓展：Need作情態(tài)動詞，意為“需要，必需”。無人稱和數(shù)的變化，否定式為neednt，后面一般接動詞原形。Need I finish the work today ?Yes, you must . / No ,yo neednt .If she wants anything ，she need only ask . (2) break 此處用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“（課間的）休息”。 Eg: He sat under the big tree to take a break. There is a 10-minu

8、te break between classes .拓展：break作不及物動詞，意為“碎；破”。其過去式為broke,過去分詞為broken 。 Eg：Glasses breaks easily .break 作及物動詞，意為“弄碎，弄破”。 Eg: He broke his right leg last month .break 作及物動詞，意為“不遵守（法律，規(guī)則等）”。 Eg: The teacher is talking to the student who broke the rules .6. I think you should lie down and test .我認為你應(yīng)

9、該躺下休息 。 （1）lie (lay , lain , lying) 此處為不及物動詞，意為“躺；臥” Eg: Dont lie in bed all morning . He found a dog lying at the door .拓展：lie作為不及物動詞，意為“撒謊，說謊”，過去式和過去分詞均為lied,現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。 Eg: You are lying to me .lie 作可數(shù)名詞，意為“謊言，假話” Eg: I know he told a lie just now . I believe that it is a white lie .lay 動詞，意為“產(chǎn)卵，

10、下蛋”，過去式和過去分詞均為laid . Eg: The hens are not laying well at the moment .(2) rest 常作可數(shù)名詞，意為“休息” Eg: You must take a tes from your work 7. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow , then go to a doctor .如果明天你的頭和脖子還痛的話，就去看醫(yī)生。（1） 此處連詞if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果，假如”。 Eg: If she arrives in New York , Ill telephone yo

11、u .例題解析：I wonder if the psychologist will come to our school this weekend .If he _， we will be very excited .A. come B. comes C. will come D .came (2) go to a doctor 為固定短語，意為“看醫(yī)生”，相當(dāng)于 go to see a doctor . Eg: Bill went to a doctor yesterday . Dont take any medicine before going to a doctor .8. He go

12、t off and asked the woman what happened .他下了車，問那個婦女發(fā)生了什么事 。 （1）get off 為“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語，人稱代詞作賓語時，應(yīng)放在動詞與副詞之間，此處意為“下車”。 辨析： get off 意為“下（汽車、火車、飛機等）” The first passenger to get off the bus was a woman . get on 意為“登上（汽車、火車、飛機等）”，后面常跟較大的交通工具，反義詞為get off When I got on the bus ,I saw my teacher sitting there

13、.get into 意為“進入（小汽車、出租車、電梯等）” ，后面常跟較小的交通工具。反義詞為 get out of He got into a taxi and left .get out of 意為“從（小汽車、出租車、直升飛機等）下來” She got out of the car and wen into the hall .例題解析：Dont _the bus until it stops .A. turn off B.put on C.get off D.set up (2) happen 為及物動詞，意為“發(fā)生”當(dāng)表示“某人或者某物發(fā)生某事”時，某人或者某物必須放在介詞to后面，

14、用句型sth. Happens to sb./sth.來表達 What has happened to Judy ?當(dāng)用作“碰巧”時，常用句型 sb. Happens to do sth.和 It happens + that 從句 She happened to meet her friend in the bookstore . It happened that I had no money with me .9. Mr.Wang knew he had to act quickly . 王先生知道他必須快點行動。have to 不得不 ，后面接動詞原形辨析：have to 和 must

15、have to 強調(diào)客觀上的需要 ；must 強調(diào)主觀上的必要性。 I have to tidy up the room .（客觀需要） I must tidy up the room . （主觀想法）have to 有人稱，數(shù)和時態(tài)變化，可用于一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時或一般將來時等； must 無人稱，數(shù)，時態(tài)變化，主要用于一般現(xiàn)在時。 Does he have to stay here ? Must she finish her homework first ?它們的否定形式不同。 dont have to 表示“不必要，不需要” mustt 表示“禁止，不允許，不應(yīng)該” You dont

16、have to help him . You mustnt help him 10. But to his surprise ,they all agreed to go with him . 但出乎他的意料，他們都同意和他一起去。（1） to ones surprise 為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“使某人驚訝的是.”類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有 to onet joy 使人開心的是 ； to ones disappointment 令人失望的是 ； to ones satisfaction 使某人滿意的是 To his surprise , she won the first prize .(2) agree 為及物

17、動詞。后面可跟名詞，代詞，動詞不定式或者賓語從句。辨析：agree to 后面接計劃或者建議 。 I agree to your plan .agree on 后面接日期或者條款。 They agreed on these terms .agree with 后面接人或者意見。 I agree with you .11. The old man got to the hospital in time .那位老人及時到達了醫(yī)院。get to 意為“到達”。此處get為補給物動詞，當(dāng)后面接地點名詞時，要加上介詞to .辨析：get 不及物動詞，后面可接地點名詞作賓語要加介詞to.要是接地點副詞ho

18、me, here 和 there 不用to . I get home at 7:00 P.m. every day . What time shall we get to Beijing ?arrive 不及物動詞，可直接跟地點副詞；加上介詞at/in后，才能接地點名詞。（大地點用in；小地點用at）reach 及物動詞，其后可接跟地點名詞，也可跟地點副詞。 I reached Beijing the day before yesterday . We reached here on foot . Section B1. Put on a clean T-shirt .穿上意見干凈的T恤衫。

19、put on 為“動詞+副詞”短語，意為“穿上；戴上”。代詞作其賓語時，須放在put on 的中間。He put on a coat and went out .辨析：put on “穿衣”表動作 wear “穿衣”及物動詞，表狀態(tài)dress “給.傳衣服”及物動詞，賓語只能為人。（be）in “穿著”后面接表衣服的名詞或表示顏色的形容詞，表狀態(tài)。be in 同 be dressed in 例題解析：1. _warm clothes, or youll catch a cold .2. The children are _nice clothes today .3. The girl _red

20、 is his daughter.4. I _ him every morning .2. Told him to rest .Tell為及物動詞，tell sb. (not) to do sth.意為“告訴某人（不要）做某事”。He told me to write a report .The police told the children not to play in the street .例題解析：Tell the children _unhealthy food . Its bad for their health.A. not to eat B.not eating C.to e

21、at D.eating 3. Have problem breathing .呼吸困難。（1） have problems (in)doing sth.為固定短語，意為“做某事有問題或困難”，同意短語為 have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. He had problems (in) learning English grammar . He has no problem (in) singing the song .4. Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain cl

22、imbing .阿倫羅爾斯頓是一個對爬山很感興趣的美國人。 （1）此處who is .為定語從句，修飾名詞man ,who 為關(guān)系代詞。當(dāng)被修飾詞為人時，常用關(guān)系代詞who或者that引導(dǎo)定語從句。 Do you know the girls who / that are dancing ? The man that / who you are waiting for wont come . (2) be interested in 為固定短語，意為“對.感興趣”，相當(dāng)于take interest in .Interesting “引起興趣的，有趣的”。作表語或定語，修飾物。Intereste

23、d “感興趣的”只作表語，主語為人。一言辨析：Im interested in the interesting things .我對那些有趣的事物感興趣。例題解析： The story is _and all of us are _in it .A. interest;interesting B.interesting;interestC.interested;interesting D.interesting;interested5. As a mountain climber ,Aron is used to taking risks.作為一名登山者，阿倫習(xí)慣于冒險。 （1）此處as為介詞

24、，意為“作為”。 As a party member , I must be strict with myself . He works in the hotel as a cook .(2) 此處 be used to 意為“習(xí)慣于.; 適應(yīng)于.”,后面接名詞、代詞或動名詞。 He is used to hard work . She is used to getting up early .(3) take risks 意為“冒險”，相當(dāng)于 take a risk 。 You cant get rich without taking risks . They were taking a r

25、isk when they did that .6. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents .有許多次阿倫因為（意外）事故幾乎失去生命。 （1）此處time 為可數(shù)名詞，意為“次數(shù)”。 How many times have you been to Paris ? He failed his driving test five times .(2) almost 副詞，意為“幾乎，差不多”。 Almost all the guests are here . He has almost

26、finished his work .(3) 辨析 because of 和 because because of “因為”，介詞短語，后面接名詞或者代詞。 I didnt go because of the rain . because “因為”，連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。 He didnt come to school because he was ill .7. He was not ready to die that day . 他不愿那天死去。(1) ready 為形容詞，意為“準(zhǔn)備好的，樂意的，愿意的”，常作表語。Lunch is ready .Have you got everyt

27、hing ready ?拓展：be ready to do sth. “準(zhǔn)備好了做某事”，主要強調(diào)已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了要做某事，表示即將去做。 We are ready to answer the questions . She is always ready to help others . be ready for “為.準(zhǔn)備好” He was ready for the death .(2) die (died , died , dying ) 為不及物動詞，意為“死，死亡” His parents died long ago . Nowadays many people die of canc

28、ers . The man is dying . 那個人就要死了。拓展：die 的形容詞形式為 dead , 名詞形式為death 。 A dead person cant speak . Her grandmother has been dead for two years . Many people fear death . His death is heavier than Mount Tai .8. So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm . 因此他用刀子切除了他的一半右臂。（1） use sth. to do sth. “

29、用某物做某事” I use my pen to write a letter . I use a knife to cut apples . = I use a knife for cutting apples .(2) cut off 為固定短語，意為“切除，切斷”。 When was the telephone cut off ?拓展：常見的與cut有關(guān)的短語：cut down 砍到，減少 cut up 切碎 cut in 插入 插嘴 9. Then , with his left arm , he bandaged himself so that he would not lose to

30、o much blood . 然后，他用左臂給自己打上繃帶以至于他不會失去太多的血。（1） 此處with意為“用（工具或器具等）”。 You can cut it with a knife . 辨析：with 與 in with : 介詞，“ 用（工具）” They eat with forks . Ill have to see it with my own eyes .In : 介詞，“用（語言，聲音，材料等）”。 She can give a talk in English . He talked to her in a low voice .(2) 此處so that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句

31、 ，意為“以至于”。 She got up late so that she missed the early bus . He has his head in bandages .例題解析：Mr.Green speaks very loudly _all the people can hear him .A. when B.so that C.because 10. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even at=fter this experience . 他對登山如

32、此快以至于即使這次經(jīng)歷之后他還繼續(xù)爬山。 （1）keep on doing sth.意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。 The students are keeping on reading . She kept on working although she was tired .拓展：keep doing sth.“繼續(xù)不停地做某事” Keep going until you reach the end of road .keep sb. Doing sth.“使某人一直做某事” Dot keep your mother waiting.keep sb, from doing sth. “阻止某人做某事

33、” You shouldnt keep him from watching cartoons . (2) experience 此處用作可數(shù)名詞 “經(jīng)歷”。11. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesnt mind taking risks . 阿倫喜愛爬山，不介意冒險。此處mind 為動詞，意為“介意；在乎”。后面可接動名詞作賓語，但不能跟動詞不定式。 I dont mind at all . Do you mind if I open the window ? Would you mind parking your car there ?例題解析：Wo

34、uld you mind _the window ? Its very hot .No, not at all .A. open B.to open C.opening 單元練習(xí)一、單項選擇（每小題1 分 ，共 15分）1. Kelly, whos the girl_glasses in the photo?-一Its me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair.A. by B. of C. on D. with2. Students shouldnt go to school_breakfast. Its bad for their healt

35、h.A. with B. without C. for D. by3. Victor can play_ piano. He can join the music club.A. a B. an C. the4. How do you like Li Yundi?- A cool guy! His music_ really beautiful.A. tastes B. sounds C. smells D. looks5. 一M um，Im not feeling well. Oh, dear! _A. Whats wrong? B. Not at all. C. All right.6.Y

36、oung people today _ posting wonderful articles and beautiful photos onto the micromes- sage(微信）to share with friends.A. are afraid of B. are used to C. are worried about7. Andrea Bocelli never_ ，which makes him a successful singer.A. takes away B. gives away C. gets up D. gives up8.He hurried back h

37、ome_ his schoolbag.A. fetched B. to fetch C. fetching D. fetches9. Why did you get up late this morning? _I stayed up late last night, A. Because B. So C. Because of D. But10. Whats the matter with you?一I_a headache.A. have B. take C. make D, like11. To our_, the little girl is the first to go to be

38、d.A. surprises B. surprise C. surprised D. surprising12. - -What did your sister do?-She_the bus at the bus stop and went home.A. got to B. got up C. got down D. got off13. What did you see? I saw many boys_ games near the river.A. played B. playing C. plays D. to play14. Its _own business(事情） Pleas

39、e do it yourself.A. you B. your C. yours D. his15. My father often cooks some delicious food_for us at home.A. herself B. ourselves C. himself D. yourselves二 、完形填空 (共 10分)Mr. and Mrs. Green were very worried about their son, Leo. He seemed to be dumb( 啞的） 15 he was normal in every other way. Mr. and

40、 Mrs. Green tried everything to get him to 17 ,but with no success.When Leo was six years old, the best doctors in the town 18 him carefully, but could find nothing wrong. And he seemed to be smart. It was just that he _19 spoke.“There might be something wrong with his 20 ，and he doesnt know hes abl

41、e to speak，one doctor said.“But he can read and write，said Mr. Green. “Weve written him notes, telling him that he can speak. ”“Its certainly very 21 ，” another doctor said. Perhaps hell be able to speak some day. ”22 passed. Leo went to university. But he did not say a 23 word. Then one day,Leo was

42、 having a meal with his parents. Without any warning, he looked up from his 24 and said，“Pass me the salt,please. ”Mr. and Mrs. Green were excited. “You spoke! You spoke!” they cried. “ Why have you 25 so long to speak?” “I didnt have anything to say，he said. “Until now everything was perfect. But y

43、ou forgot to put salt in potatoes. ”16. A. because B. when C. though D. before17.A. speak B. walk C. play D. laugh18. A. taught B. found C. examined D. asked19. A. never B. often C. usually D. always20.A. back B. hair C. face D. mind21. A. unfair B. strange C. noisy iet22. A. Hours B. Weeks C. Month

44、s D. Years23. A. good B. right C. single D. new24. A. chair B. meal G. hands D. books25. A. slept B. walked C. served D. waited三、閱讀理解（每小題2 分 ，共 40分）A Its important for us to be healthy. But how can we keep healthy? First,you should eat fruit and vegetables three or four times a week. Then eat some t

45、ofu every day because its good for people, both the young and the old. Milk is also necessary(必要的），especially for women. So you should have milk twice & day. It can help you to be strong. Next, doing more exercise is better. You can do morning exercises or evening exercises. After supper you should

46、take a walk.26. You should eat_ three or four times a week.A. fruit and fish B. vegetables and muttonC. tofu D. fruit and vegetables27. Tofu is good for _.A. young people B. old people C. young and old people D. students28. Why do people have milk?A. It，s delicious.B. Its a kind of drink.C. Its bad

47、for you. D. It can help you keep strong.29. You should have milk .A. four times a day B. five times a week C. twice a day D. twice a week30. The passage mainly tells us_.A. how to keep healthy B. what health isC. why health is important D. how often you can eat tofu BDo you know the story about Vinc

48、e? It was a true story. Vince was an English boy and he was eight years old. He didnt like soap or water. Three or four times a day his mother said to him, “Vince, your hands are very dirty again.” Go and wash them. ” But Vince never washed them well. He only put his hands in the water for a few sec

49、onds and then took them out again.Vinces uncle and aunt lived in another city. One day they came to stay with Vinces parents, and they brought their small son, Toby, with them. Toby was seven years old and he didnt like soap or water, either.The boys sat with their parents for a few minutes and then

50、 they went outside. When they were playing, Vince looked at Tobys hands and then went back to Tobys parents and said proudly (驕傲地）， “Tobys hands are dirtier than mine, ”“Of course they are，”Toby said angrily. “You are one year older than I am, ”31. Vinces mother asked him to_three or four times a da

51、y.A. wash his hands B. do his homework C. clean his bedroom D. wash his teeth32.When Vince saw Tobys hands, he felt_.A, sorryB. proud C. sadD. terrible33.Vinces hands were a little_than Tobys.A. dirtierB. cleaner C. biggerD. smaller34.From the story we know that_.A. Vince liked soap and water, but T

52、oby didnt B.Toby liked soap and water，but Vince didntC. Vince and Toby liked soap and waterD.Vince and Toby didnt like soap or water35. How many people are there in the story?A. Four.B. Five. C. Six.D. Seven,CWhen I was about 12，a girl in my class liked to point out (指出）my problems. I was too thin；I wasnt a good student；I talked too much；I was too proud (驕傲），and so on. At last，I became very angry and ran to