初高中英語銜接ppt課件

1、1;.2;.26個英文字母及發(fā)音音標個英文字母及發(fā)音音標3;.4tsdz trdrbptdkgfvsz lrhwjmnaiei ii uauui: iu:u:e 20輔音輔音32320元音元音國際音標教學法圖示國際音標教學法圖示5Semi-vowels 半元音半元音/w/ /j/ v/ w / 與與 / j / 是兩個半元音，因為它們的發(fā)音位置都與有關元音的發(fā)音位置有關系。是兩個半元音，因為它們的發(fā)音位置都與有關元音的發(fā)音位置有關系。/ w / 是個雙唇音。是個雙唇音。vwe week whether wire wound language persuade / j / 是個舌面音是個舌面音

2、v yes youth use union Europe new 6Nasal consonants 4. 鼻音 / m /, / n /, / /v/ m /, money make mouth firm harm v/ n /, no noun nail learn coin pain nicev/ / wing king bring sing a song a long string7Lateral consonant 5. 舌邊音舌邊音 /l/ (有兩種發(fā)音有兩種發(fā)音)A. 如果在元音字母前面如果在元音字母前面, 發(fā)音發(fā)音“clear l ”（“清晰的清晰的 l ”）。舌端抵上齒槽）。

3、舌端抵上齒槽, 舌前舌前部向硬顎抬起部向硬顎抬起, 讓氣流從舌兩旁的空隙處流過讓氣流從舌兩旁的空隙處流過, 所以叫舌側(cè)音所以叫舌側(cè)音, 也叫旁流音或也叫旁流音或邊音。邊音。 vlong leave lion lock color followB. 如果如果 / l / 在輔音前面或詞尾在輔音前面或詞尾, 發(fā)發(fā) （“模糊的模糊的 l ”）音）音.vapple girl ball meal bell sail rule8Rules of readingv讀音規(guī)則 (Rules of reading)： 字母的名稱音和它的發(fā)音是兩回事。至于某個字母在某個單詞中究竟發(fā)什么音，則取決于這個字母在這個詞中

4、前后和什么字母結(jié)合,根據(jù)這個字母在詞中所處的不同位置而發(fā)出不同的音來。究竟應該如何發(fā)音是有一些規(guī)律可循的, 將這些規(guī)律歸納起來, 就成為讀音規(guī)則。 9Syllablesv音節(jié) (Syllables): 音節(jié)是包含一個元音或一個元音跟別的輔音結(jié)合而成的發(fā)音單位。在英語中元音特別響亮, 一個元音可以構(gòu)成一個音節(jié), 一般來說,元音可以構(gòu)成音節(jié), 輔音不響亮, 不能構(gòu)成音節(jié)。v英語的詞有一個音節(jié)的，兩個音節(jié)的，多個音節(jié)的，一個音節(jié)叫單音節(jié)，兩個音節(jié)叫雙音節(jié)，三個音節(jié)以上叫多音節(jié)。v確定音節(jié)時, 一不能只看字母的數(shù), 二不能只看有沒有元音字母, 而是要看有沒有元音。101 1、重讀音節(jié)、重讀音節(jié) 任何雙

5、音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞的音標中，有重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)任何雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞的音標中，有重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié) ，哪一個音節(jié)重讀，該音節(jié)的左上方或該音節(jié)的元音上方標有重讀符號哪一個音節(jié)重讀，該音節(jié)的左上方或該音節(jié)的元音上方標有重讀符號“”。2 2、濁化音、濁化音 以以sp_, st_, sk_sp_, st_, sk_開頭的單詞清輔音開頭的單詞清輔音/p/ /t/ /k/p/ /t/ /k/分別要發(fā)濁輔音分別要發(fā)濁輔音/b/ /b/ /d/ /g/d/ /g/。3 3、定冠詞、定冠詞thethe的讀音的讀音v在以輔音音素開頭的單詞之前讀作在以輔音音素開頭的單詞之前讀作/ / /，如：，如：the da

6、y, the key), the housethe day, the key), the housev在以元音音素開頭的單詞前要發(fā)在以元音音素開頭的單詞前要發(fā)/ / i:/ 的音，如：的音，如：the end, the hour, the the end, the hour, the inside inside Attention !114、不完全爆破、不完全爆破(Incomplete explosion) 爆破音p b t d k g 后面緊跟另一個爆破音時，前面的那個爆破音只在口腔內(nèi)形成阻礙，而不能完全讀出。vbaske(t)ball a(c)tor, bla(ck)board Si(t)

7、 down. I can(t) come. vI don(t) believe he is a ba(d) boy. vThe girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.vThe bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.vWha(t) time does he get up every morning?vThis is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.vThe ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.vWhat

8、 would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?v 12英語詞性的分類及用法英語詞性的分類及用法13Look out!Ouch! 14 1.He shouted louder to the runners, but he still couldnt make _ heard. A. him B. himself C. them D. themselves 2.There are flowers and trees on _ sides of the river. A. every B. both C. either D. all 3.She has t

9、hree good friends. One is a doctor; _ are teachers of Chinese. A. another B. the other two C. other D. others Exercises 15v1._(我) am a worker. _(你) are a doctor. _(她) is a teacher.v2.This is_ (他的 )shirt. v3. This is _(我的)pen. 4._(他們的) trousers are there. v5. I like this picture. Please give _(它) to_

10、(我).v6. People get _(他們的) money from_(我).v7._(他們) are new students. _(他們的) names are Lucy and Lily.v8. These are _(我們的) shoes. Can _(我們) wear _(它們)?v9Thank _ for _(你的) help. I You my his She Theirtheirme itThey Their me our them we your you16根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填空：根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填空：1. Different people may have d

11、ifferent _. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (peop

12、le)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)12. Jim has some . (knife)13. How much are these ? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy) ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeac

13、hersknivesvegetablesminutesLucys17;.18一、介紹與其重要性v句子是寫作的基本單位，只有寫好句子才有可能寫好文章。英語的句子成分有八種： 主語主語、謂語動詞、賓語、表語、謂語動詞、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、主語補足語和賓語補足語。定語、狀語、主語補足語和賓語補足語。 學會判斷句子成分對以后學習難句奠定了基礎。英語句子的構(gòu)成也有其特定的規(guī)律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常見句式和詞語的習慣搭配，就能寫出完整、正確的句子。19句子成句子成分分意義意義充當詞類充當詞類例句例句主語主語表示句子說的是什么人或什表示句子說的是什么人或什么么事事名，代，數(shù)，不定名，代，數(shù)，不定式，

14、動名詞，短語式，動名詞，短語或或句子句子We study in No.11 Middle School.謂語謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或說明主語做什么，是什么或怎怎么樣么樣動詞或動詞詞組動詞或動詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語賓語表示動作行為的對象表示動作行為的對象同主語同主語Both of us like English.表語表語與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語同主語Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語定語用來修

15、飾名詞或代詞用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短語或句副，介詞短語或句子子We have eight lessons every day.狀語狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表表示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，原原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或副詞，介詞短語或句句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.20 v一）一） 主語（主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。）：句子說明的人或事物。 Walls have ears. He will

16、 take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is not allowed in public places. What he needs is a book.名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞to do不定式不定式動名詞動名詞句子句子21 v二）謂語二）謂語(predicate)v由由_擔任。助動詞或情態(tài)擔任。助動詞或情態(tài)v動詞加其他動詞的適當形式也構(gòu)成謂語動詞。動詞加其他動詞的適當形式也構(gòu)成謂語動詞。 Action speaks louder than words. Mar

17、y has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 動詞動詞/動詞短語動詞短語簡單謂語簡單謂語復合謂語復合謂語22vMy father is a professor. vWhos that? Its me. vEverything here is expensive. vseeing is believing. vThe picture is on the wall.vThree times five is fifteen.vHis plan is to seek work in the city. vthe truth is that he ha

18、s never been abroad. 三）三）表語(predicative): 它的位置在_之后。是用來說明主語的_,_, _的.系動詞系動詞性質(zhì)性質(zhì)特征特征狀態(tài)狀態(tài) n. adj.prep.num.to do不定式不定式句子句子 V-ing23（四）賓語 表示動作的對象，是動作的承受者。賓語一般放在_之后。_詞后也會跟賓語。vI like English.v I dont like it. vI enjoy working with you. v Give me four please. v He wants to dream a nice dream. v We need k

19、now what others are doing. 動詞動詞/動詞短語動詞短語介詞介詞n. pron.V-ingnum.to do不定式不定式句子句子24（五）定語 是修飾_詞.單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的名詞之_；短語和從句作定語時則放在它所修飾的名詞之_。vThey are woman workers. vToms father is a teacher. vMary is a beautiful girl. vThe play has three acts. vThis is her first trip to Europe. vChina is a developing count

20、ry. vI have nothing to eat. vThose who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 名名前前后后 n.名詞所有格名詞所有格 adjnum.序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 /to do 不定式不定式現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 doingto do 不定式不定式從句從句25六）狀語 狀語表示地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨情況等。v The best fish swim near the bottom. v I left the village five years ago. v I arrived late beca

21、use of the traffic jam .v Well send a car to fetch you. v The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bonesv The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.v If he goes, so will I . v Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 地點狀語地點狀語時間狀語時間狀語原因狀語原因狀語目的狀語目的狀語結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語伴隨狀語伴隨狀語條件狀語條件狀

22、語讓步狀語讓步狀語26七）賓語補足語。英語有些及物動詞，除了要有賓語之外，還要加上賓語補足語，才能使句子的意義完整。vThey elected me captain of the team. vWe try to make our country strong. vWe found everything in good order there. vI should advise you to get the chance. vI saw him going upstairs. vThey found the house broken in.vWe will soon make our city

23、 what your city is now.名詞名詞形容詞形容詞介詞短語介詞短語to do 不定式不定式現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 doingdone 過去分詞過去分詞從句從句27八）主語補足語 如果上述結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動語態(tài)，原賓語成為主語，原賓語補足語相應地變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語vI was elected captain of the team.vOur country will be made strong.與賓語補足語一樣與賓語補足語一樣28Examples:Oh！What is that！（驚嘆詞）?。@嘆詞）He has，alas，failed againCome here，John（呼語）（呼語）R

24、oll on，Ocean，roll on句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。這種成分和句子的其他詞句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。這種成分和句子的其他詞沒有語法的關系。沒有語法的關系。獨立成分獨立成分29（You） Come here（I wish you）Good luck！Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggsHe runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John sh

25、ould clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，雖然未說出來，卻在句中表示一定的意思：句中被省略的成分，雖然未說出來，卻在句中表示一定的意思：省略成分省略成分30連接成分連接成分連接成分實際上是一個連詞，用來連接兩個或幾個平行的詞、短語和分句。這種連詞叫做連接成分實際上是一個連詞，用來連接兩個或幾個平行的詞、短語和分句。這種連詞叫做并列連詞并列連詞。另一類連接成分是用來連接兩個句子、且一個句子從屬于另一個句子（即從句）的連詞。另一類連接成分是用來連接兩個句子、且一個句子從屬于另一個句子（即從句）

26、的連詞。這類連詞叫這類連詞叫從屬連詞從屬連詞。從屬連詞主要用于引導各種從句。從屬連詞主要用于引導各種從句。一個完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含一個完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含2個到個到4個基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，個基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個或更多其他的句子成分。還可包含一個或更多其他的句子成分。31記憶口訣記憶口訣 主謂賓表定狀補，解釋說明同位語。主謂賓表定狀補，解釋說明同位語。 句子主干主謂賓（表），枝葉成分定狀補。句子主干主謂賓（表），枝葉成分定狀補。 定語修飾名詞代，狀修動詞還有副。定語修飾名詞代，狀修動詞還有副。 主謂人稱數(shù)一致，賓語之后常有補。主謂人

27、稱數(shù)一致，賓語之后常有補。32Exercises： 劃分下列句子成分劃分下列句子成分331. The machine doesnt work.1. The machine doesnt work.2. He is an honest student.2. He is an honest student.3. The silk feels soft.3. The silk feels soft.4. I have a lot of friends here. 4. I have a lot of friends here. 5. Tom lent me 200 dollars.5. Tom le

28、nt me 200 dollars.6. I saw him writing a letter.6. I saw him writing a letter.7. I find maths difficult.7. I find maths difficult.8. We call her Lily.8. We call her Lily.9. Father asked me to turn off the TV.9. Father asked me to turn off the TV.主主謂謂賓賓定定狀狀表表賓補賓補主主系系an honestan honest表表主主系系主主謂謂主主主主主主

29、主主主主謂謂謂謂謂謂謂謂謂謂間間 賓賓直賓直賓賓賓賓補賓補賓補賓補賓補賓補賓賓賓賓賓賓句子成分常用詞性主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語定語定語狀語狀語表語表語賓補賓補n/pron.n./pron.Adj.Adv.n./adj.n./adj./to do /doingV34beautifulsurprisedtoareseemswent Correct mistakes:1. Her voice sounds beautifully.2. The whole company was surprising at the news. 3. To see is believe.4. It seem like

30、a good idea.5. The lights still on.6. All the potatoes changed bad.7. Jim was remained a worker.351.Is this raincoat yours? No, mine_ there behind the door. is hanging B. is hung C. hangs D. was hung Exercises:2. _ your head, and youll see the sun_ now. Raise; rising Raise; raising C. To raise, risi

31、ng D. Lift; being risen 36 3. More than a dozen students in that school_ abroad to study medicine last year. （上海）（上海） A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent4. The heros story_ differently in the newspaper. （全國（全國I、II） A. was reported B. was reporting C. Reports D. reported37 按句子功能可以分為：按句子

32、功能可以分為： 陳述句陳述句 疑問句疑問句 祈使句祈使句 感嘆句感嘆句38 按句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為：按句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為： 簡單句簡單句 并列句并列句 復合句復合句39 簡單句簡單句Simple Sentences: 含有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子。含有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子。 He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys.He went up to the door,opened it and entered.40簡單句的五種基本句型:v主語主語+謂

33、語謂語+賓語賓語v主語主語+謂語謂語+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語v主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語+賓語補足語賓語補足語動詞動詞系動詞系動詞不及物動詞不及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞主語主語+系系+表語表語主語主語+謂語謂語411主語 + 謂語（S+Vi）1）Everything changes. 2）The plane has already arrived. SViS復合謂語421）She looks young. 2）The city will become rich. 在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的系動詞是：在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的系動詞是： “狀態(tài)狀態(tài)”類：類： “變化變化”類：類：_. “感官感官

34、”類類: _. “持續(xù)持續(xù)”類：類：_. 其他：（似乎）其他：（似乎）_ _ (證明是證明是)_get/ become/ turn/grow/gotaste/ smell/ feel/look/soundstay/ keep/remain/continueSeem appearturn out/ prove(to be)2主語主語 + 系動詞系動詞 + 表語表語be433主語 + 謂語 + 賓語1.The boss employed five more workers. S Vt O 2.My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. 3.Few

35、students like taking exams. 4.He forgot to close the door. 5.I hope I can speak English fluently. 444主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語1）He has fetched us some new textbooks. S Vt IO DO2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal. S Vt IO DO 3）The man told the girl that he wants to go now. 4）The boy asked me if I could speak

36、 Chinese.455主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語1）The villagers didnt allow them to do this. 主語主語 謂語謂語 賓語賓語 賓語補足語賓語補足語 2）I will keep the box in the shade. 3）We found him a very good student.4）She let me stay in the company.46記憶口訣記憶口訣 英語句子千千萬，五大句型把線牽。英語句子千千萬，五大句型把線牽。 句型種類看動詞，后接成分是關鍵。句型種類看動詞，后接成分是關鍵。 系動詞后接表語，不及物后無需連。

37、系動詞后接表語，不及物后無需連。 及物又可分三類，單賓雙賓最常見。及物又可分三類，單賓雙賓最常見。還有賓語補足語，各種搭配記心間。還有賓語補足語，各種搭配記心間。47 1. I can swim. 2.I like English. 3.They are reading books . 4.He bought a computer last week. 5.My mother is a scientist.6.The food goes bad 7.My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. Exercises：指出下列句子的基本句型48 8.Can

38、 you give me the math book? 9.Will you tell us something about your school life? 10.We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 11.My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible. 12.I heard her singing happily in the room just now. Exercises：49 并列句的簡單認識并列句的簡單認識50 2、并列句、并列句Compound Sentences 包

39、含兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子且句子之間有并列連詞包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子且句子之間有并列連詞and/but等或用分號連接。等或用分號連接。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous.51平行并列連詞平行并列連詞: 轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：因果并列連詞因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞選擇并列連詞:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and thenbut, however, while, yetfor, soor, ei

40、theror, neither nor52 復合句復合句Complex Sentences53 54狀語從句：狀語從句：用來修飾主句中的動詞，形容詞和副詞的從句。用來修飾主句中的動詞，形容詞和副詞的從句。分類：分類：時間狀語從句，條件狀語從句，時間狀語從句，條件狀語從句，原因狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，原因狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，比較狀語從句，目的狀語從句，比較狀語從句，目的狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，地點狀語從句讓步狀語從句，地點狀語從句551時間狀語從句 常用when , as , before, while , after, since, till , until , as soon as 等連

41、詞引導。e.g.(1) It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday. (2) While he was doing his homework,the telephone rang. (3) As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. (4) He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. (5) After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.562

42、條件狀語從句 常由 if，as (so) long as 和 unless 引導。 注意：注意： 573原因狀語從句由 because，as，since 或復合連接詞 now that，in that 等引導。(注意：for 是連詞，雖然也可以表示“因為”，但其后所接的是并列句中的一個獨立句，而非從句。)e.g. (1) He didnt come to school beause he was ill. (2) As it is raining, we shall no go to the zoo. (3) Since we have no money, we cant buy the ca

43、r.584結(jié)果狀語從句由 so that，so.that，such.that 等引導。特別提醒：特別提醒：so.that 與與 such.that 的區(qū)別在于：前者的省略號處是形容詞或副的區(qū)別在于：前者的省略號處是形容詞或副詞，而后者的省略號處最終是一個名詞。詞，而后者的省略號處最終是一個名詞?！白罱K最終”的意思是，該名詞前也可以出的意思是，該名詞前也可以出現(xiàn)形容詞甚至出現(xiàn)修飾形容詞的副詞，但整個詞組的中心詞是這個名詞?，F(xiàn)形容詞甚至出現(xiàn)修飾形容詞的副詞，但整個詞組的中心詞是這個名詞。595比較狀語從句由 than，as.as 引導。 e.g. (1) Tom runs faster than John does. (2) his classroom is as big as that one.60