英語語法：并列舉和復(fù)合句

1、鳴志教育啟迪思維 點撥方法 開發(fā)潛能 直線提分英語語法：并列舉和復(fù)合句（三）原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because（因為）, as（由于）, since（既然）, now(that)（既然）, when（既然）, seeing (that) （由于，鑒于）, considering (that)（考慮到）, given (that) （考慮到）等，每個連詞的含義不盡相同。主要的有because, for, in that, for the reason that; as, seeing (that), seeing as; since; now (that); conside

2、ring (that)等：The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因為洗滌的方法不好而縮水。I cant get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面聲音嘈雜我睡不著。Since As weve no money, we cant buy it. 由于我們沒錢，我們不能購買它。Seeing that its raining, wed better stay indoors. 既然外邊在下雨，我們最好待在室內(nèi)。Now that you are here, youd better stay.

3、 你既然來了，最好還是留下吧(既來之，則安之)?！咀ⅰ砍陨咸岬降拇蠹冶容^熟悉的引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞外，when有時也可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句(when表示“既然”)I wont tell you when you wont listen. 既然你不想聽，那我就不告訴你了。 區(qū)別連詞位置內(nèi)涵語氣能否回答why能否被強調(diào)because因為主句前/后直接因果關(guān)系強能能as由于主句前/后雙方都知道的原因弱不能不能since/now that既然主句前 for引導(dǎo)的是并列句表示原因但并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因， 只提供一些輔助性的補充說明，for引導(dǎo)的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號

4、將其與主句隔開。He could not have seen me, for I was not there.他不可能見過我， 因為我不在那里。He seldom goes out now, for he is very old.他難得出門了，因為他年事已高。注意：in view of the fact that可用as/since/seeing that來表示，但不能用because：As/Since/Seeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand.既然你在這里，你就幫我個忙吧。As/Since/Seeing that Tom

5、knows French, he'd better do the talking.既然湯姆懂法語，最好讓他來談。在as/since/seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陳述時，可用if來代替：As/Since/Seeing/If you don't like Bill。why did you invite him?既然/如果你不喜歡比爾，你為什么邀請了他？（四）目的狀語從句目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)。1.so that, in order that引導(dǎo)的

6、狀語從句中常用情態(tài)動詞；in order that較為正式，引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可位于主句前/后；而so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句只能位于主句之后。She worked hard so that everything would be ready by 5 o'clock.她努力工作，以便在五點前是一切都就緒。I get up early in order that I can catch the early bus.= In order that I can catch the early bus, I get up early.2. for fear that, in case引導(dǎo)狀語從句

7、時，for fear that表示“害怕，擔心”某事會發(fā)生；in case表示“以防（萬一）”出現(xiàn)某種情況。He was worried for fear（that）the child might hurt himself.他很擔心孩子會傷了自己。Take your raincoat in case it rains.（五）結(jié)果狀語從句1.結(jié)果狀語的從句可以由so that，so that，suchthat引導(dǎo)。2. 當so/such以及所修飾的部分位于句首時，主句應(yīng)該用倒裝語序。so + adj./adv. +that 從句so + adj. + a/an + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ that 從句

8、so +many/much/few/little +n. + that 從句such + a/an + adj. + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ that 從句such + adj. +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ that 從句such +a lot of/lots of +n. + that 從句Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.= So honest a worker Mike is that we all belie

9、ve in him.= such an honest worker Mike is that we all believe in him.It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.除結(jié)果狀語從句以外，tooto，enough to，soas to等結(jié)構(gòu)同樣表示結(jié)果。He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.= He get up too late t

10、o catch the bus.= He get up so late as to miss the bus.（六）條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：if（如果，假設(shè)），unless（除非，若不，除非在的時候），on condition(that).（在條件下），suppose/supposing（如果，假設(shè)），provided that（假如，除非，以為條件），so/as long as（只要），in case（如果）主句用一般將來時，if或unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時?！咀ⅲ涸跅l件狀語從句中，絕大數(shù)情況下some要變?yōu)閍ny?！縔ou will fail to arr

11、ive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早點動身，你就不能及時趕到那兒。I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告訴你真相，條件是你答應(yīng)保密。Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨，我們的運動會還要繼續(xù)舉行嗎?He won't be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his

12、advice in advance.如果我們提前征求一下他的意見，他就不會在會上反對我們。從上述例句可以看出if, unless, on condition (that), supposing, provided等詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主從句條件關(guān)系分明，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。但有些句子，雖沒有含條件關(guān)系的連詞，卻也隱含著條件關(guān)系，這些句子常用一些詞，如but for, without等引出一個介詞結(jié)構(gòu)來表示條件，條件應(yīng)該是虛擬的，或與事實相反的假設(shè)。如：but for若非，要不是But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨，我們的旅行

13、肯定會很愉快。But for your help, we should not have finished in time.要不是你幫忙，我們肯定不能及時完成任務(wù)經(jīng)典語句：If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.If you open the door，i will come in.（七）讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有以下這些：though, although表示“雖然，縱然”之意這兩個連詞意思大致相同，在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語中，though較常使用，although比though正式，二者都可與yet,

14、 still或never，the less連用，但不能與but連用。Though I believe it, yet I must consider.盡管我相信這一點，但我還得考慮考慮。Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working.雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了，但仍然繼續(xù)工作。Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong.他雖然年紀大了，身體還很健壯。注意：although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的情況較多，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句

15、之后。例如：She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她雖然不用功學(xué)習(xí)，考試卻及格了。as（though）as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)，被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形，though也可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，但although不可以這樣用。Object as/though you may, Ill go.(=Though/Although you may object, Ill go.)縱使你反對，我也要去。Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.）盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但幾乎沒取得什么進步。Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.=Though he was a child, 雖然他是一個孩子，但他知道該做什么。Fast as you read, you cant finish the book so soon.縱然你讀得快，你也不能這么快讀完這本書。（3）whether.or.（不管還是）；疑問詞+-ever與no m