句子分類(lèi)講解(按使用目的和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)劃分)

1、英語(yǔ)句子分類(lèi)Types of English Sentences句子種類(lèi)學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)： 目的類(lèi) 型例 句按使用的目的陳述句肯定句We love our motherland. 否定句否定謂語(yǔ): They dont go to work on Sundays. 否定主語(yǔ)：Nobody will agree with you.否定賓語(yǔ)：We saw nothing in the darkness.否定狀語(yǔ)：They came here not by bike but on foot.疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句Are you a worker? / Havent you seen the film?特殊疑問(wèn)句Wh

2、en do you watch TV? / What are they doing now?選擇疑問(wèn)句Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 反意疑問(wèn)句: 當(dāng)陳述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意義的副詞時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句用肯定形式。They are going to the airport, arent they? You havent finished your homework, have you

3、?祈使句(命令，請(qǐng)求等)肯定句Be sure to get there at eight. 八點(diǎn)鐘一定要到那兒。否定句Dont worry. Ill help you out. 別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)幫助你的。感嘆句How+adj+a+N+ (陳述語(yǔ)序)How clever a boy ( he is)! 他是多聰明的孩子！How+adj/adv+ (陳述語(yǔ)序)How lovely the baby is! 小毛頭真可愛(ài)！What +N+(陳述語(yǔ)序)What noise they are making! 他們真吵！What + a/an+adj +N+(陳述語(yǔ)序)What a clever boy (h

4、e is)! 他是多聰明的孩子！What+adj+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+(陳述語(yǔ)序)What wonderful ideas (we have)! 我們的主意真棒！What+adj+不可數(shù)N+(陳述語(yǔ)序)What cold weather (it is)! 多冷的天！按語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句SimpleSentence只有一個(gè)主謂語(yǔ)關(guān)系的句子，不含復(fù)合句和并列句。The girl plays the piano every day.Tom and I are good friends.He opened the door and left.并列句CompoundSentence 有兩個(gè)以上主謂關(guān)系, 兩個(gè)分句之間

5、呈現(xiàn)并列關(guān)系。We had waited for half an hour and he finally appeared.Hurry up, or well be late.復(fù)合句(復(fù)雜句)Complex Sentence 有兩個(gè)以上主謂關(guān)系，分句之間呈現(xiàn)主句和從句的關(guān)系。名詞性從句形容詞性從句（定語(yǔ)從句）副詞性從句（狀語(yǔ)從句）以下表格進(jìn)一步解釋復(fù)合句類(lèi) 型例 句復(fù)合句復(fù)雜句形容詞性從句定語(yǔ)從句The man who told you the news is a friend of mine.This is the question about which weve had so much

6、discussion.名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句That she doesnt understand spoken English is obvious. 很明顯她不懂口語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)從句The truth is that he is only eighteen.賓語(yǔ)從句I think (that) he is a good actor.同位語(yǔ)從句The fact that Ann was late didnt surprise me. 安遲到的事實(shí)我不足為奇。副詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Can you spare five minutes when it's convenient?I se

7、nt you the news the instant (that) I heard it.2. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and Han River meet.3. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句We did it because we felt it our duty.We succeeded by reason that we are better organized.4. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句She worded so carefully that it might not cause any misunderstanding.5. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句Everyone le

8、nt a hand, so that the work was finished ahead of schedule.Youd better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.6. 程度狀語(yǔ)從句It was such good news that I could not believe it at first.7. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句If you have a complaint, write to the director.As long as we don't lose heart, well find a way to over

9、come the difficulty.8. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句We lost the game although/though/even though we tried our best.Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.9. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句You must try to hold the tool as I do.10. 比較狀語(yǔ)從句I have always tried to help those who are less fortunate than I.陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句講解與

10、練習(xí)一、 陳述句 陳述句就是陳述者敘述一件事情后，表達(dá)一種看法的句子。 陳述句的分類(lèi)陳述句可以分為肯定式和否定式兩種。1. 肯定式第一種：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他，如Lucy likes playing sports.I am singing.My father went to Beijing last week.She can ride the bike.第二種：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)，如：This room is empty.We are good friends .2. 否定式陳述句的否定式有以下三種： 陳述句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞第一種就是Be動(dòng)詞加，后面not 構(gòu)成否定句。如：lisa is not a s

11、tudentThere were not at school yesterday.第二種就是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，而且沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)時(shí)，要用“do/dose/did +not 構(gòu)成否定。如：I dont like music.The farmer did not want to feed the rabbit.第三種：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞”時(shí)，要用“助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not” 構(gòu)成否定。如：I am not going to play computer games.Harry must not go to school at night.We can not go hiking wi

12、th you this weekend.二、 疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句分為四種：一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反義疑問(wèn)句。 1. 一般疑問(wèn)句通常以be, have, 助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭，回答時(shí)用Yes, No, 朗讀時(shí)要用升調(diào)。2. 特殊疑問(wèn)句是針對(duì)句中某一部分的提問(wèn)。特殊疑問(wèn)句的句式是：“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句”。疑問(wèn)詞有who, whom , whose , what, when, why , where ,how 等。如：who is our classmate? What does Kate do on Sundays?Whose cat is it ? which bag will th

13、ey buy? When did he go out ? Why dont we go together? Where were you last night ? How are you today?3. 選擇疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是提供兩種或兩種以上的情況，供對(duì)方進(jìn)行選擇回答的問(wèn)句。選擇疑問(wèn)句的句式是：“一般疑問(wèn)句+or +可選擇部分”。如：Are the apples red or green ?Which girl is taller ,Sally or Jessica? 選擇疑問(wèn)句的回答和特殊疑問(wèn)句一樣，不能用yes 或no ，要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答。朗讀時(shí)，選擇疑問(wèn)句在or 前面的部分要用升調(diào)，句

14、末要讀降調(diào)。4. 反義疑問(wèn)句(附加疑問(wèn)句)的句式：功能：表示對(duì)實(shí)施或看法提出疑問(wèn)，或想得到證實(shí)。句型：反義疑問(wèn)句的句式有兩種: 一種是：“肯定句陳述句+否定結(jié)構(gòu)的反意疑問(wèn)句?”，如： You know him, dont you? 另一種是：“否定陳述句+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)的附加疑問(wèn)句?”。如：Sandy cant speaking English, can he?反義疑問(wèn)句也要用yes 或No來(lái)回答。如果陳述句部分的內(nèi)容是事實(shí)，就用yes 回答，后面相應(yīng)的用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)；如果陳述句部分的內(nèi)容不是事實(shí)，就用no 來(lái)回答，后面跟否定結(jié)構(gòu)。在翻譯時(shí)要注意yes 和no的意思。如：You know him ,do

15、nt you? Yes ,I do . (是，我認(rèn)識(shí)。) No， I dont ( 不，我不認(rèn)識(shí))Sandy cant speak English, can he ? Yes, he can. (不，他會(huì)。) No， he cant.(是的，他不會(huì)。)在朗讀時(shí)，陳述句部分用降調(diào)，附加疑問(wèn)可以升也可以降。三、祈使句1.什么是祈使句 用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)示、命令、勸告、建議等的句子叫做祈使句。如：Sit down, please. Be careful!2.祈使句的分類(lèi) 根據(jù)用途和功能，祈使句可以分為以下幾類(lèi) 表請(qǐng)求。如： Close the window , please. 表命令。如 Stop talk

16、ing! 表提醒或警告。如： Look out !The car is coming. 表邀請(qǐng)。如： Help yourself to some fish. 表示禁止。如：Dont spit ! No parking!四、感嘆句句型主要有how 和what 引導(dǎo)兩種。1.How感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)：how +形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，如：How nice the boots are!3. what 感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)：What +a/an +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，如：What a pretty girl she is ! 但是如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，就可以去掉句中的a/an. 如：Wha

17、t expensive pens these are ! What pleasant weather it is!鞏固練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)題( )1. Where is the man? A. Under the tree B. At 10:00 C. Read a book D. My mother( )2. How do you go to school? A. At 8:00 B. I C. Today D. By bike( )3. What he? A. Working B. His father C. At home D. A teacher.( )4. What time do you ge

18、t up every day? A. At home B. He C. Clean my bedroom D. At 7:00( )5. What _ she do this morning? A. is B. does C. do D. did( )6. How _ you do? A. are B. is C. do D. did ( )7. Which is better, the red one _ the blue one? A. and B. or C. but D. so( )8. _ are you? Wonderful! A. How B. What C. Who D. Wh

19、ere ( )9. _ is it today? Its Monday. A. What date B. What day C. What time D. What language( )10. _ shall we go? In the morning. A. When B. Who C. Where D. How ( )11. Excuse me, can you tell me _ to get to the No. 1 Middle School?A. where B. which C. why D. how( )12._ got the 100th gold metal in the

20、 Olympics for China? - Zhang Yining.A. Who B. What C. When D. Where( )13_ are you talking about?We are talking about the Asia Games in Guangzhou.A. What B. Where C. Why D. How( )14._ do you visit your uncle?- once a week.A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How soon( ) 15. Excuse me! _ is the nea

21、rest bookshop?Go down the street and turn left at the second corner? A. how B. what C. where D. who( ) 16. _ is a ticker for the film Hacker He? About forty Yuan. A. How old B. How many C. How much D. How often( ) 17. _ are you going? Im going to the library. A. Who B. Which C. What D. Where ( )1 8.

22、 _? Its eight. A. What day is it B. Whats five and three C. How old are you D. Whats your telephone number ( )1 9. _ shall we meet in the park? What about half past eight?A. What B. When C. Where D. Which( ) 20. _ a year does your school have sports meetings? Twice a year. A. How often B. How soon C

23、. How long D. How many times提高題( )1. _ are you going to be in the future? I want to be a person _ Yang Liwei. A. How, like B. How, as C. What, like D. What, as( )2._ will your father be back? .A. How long B. how often C. How soon D. How wide( )3. -_sweater is this?-I think its Peters.A. Who B. What

24、C. Which D. Whose ( )4. -_is the Confucian Temple(孔廟) from here?-Its about 10 minuters walk.A. How many B. How long C. How much D. How far ( )5. -_may I keep these book?-two weeks.A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How soon( )6. -_is it from here to Yancheng Railway Station?-About two kilometers

25、.A. How often B. How far C. How soon D. How long ( )7. -_will the foreign students be back from NanJing.-In two days, I think.A. How soon B. How often C. How far D. How fast( )8. -_?-The one behind the tree.A. Whose girl B. Whos that girl C. Which girl D. Wheres the girl( )9. _the population of chin

26、a? A. How many B. What C. Hows D. Whats( )10. _ is she? A. Whom B. Who C. Which D. When( )11. _ is the best, Tom, Jack or Tim? A. Which B. Who C. Whom D. What( )12 ._ milk do you need?- Three cups.A. How many B. How much C. What D. Where( ) 13. _? Ive got a headache and a cough. A. Whats your troubl

27、e? B. Whats wrong with it?C. Can I help you? D. How are you?( ) 14. _ tea did you have? Two cups. A. How many B. How much C. How soon D. Which ( )15. _? Behind the tree. A. Whose girl B. Whos that girl C. Which girl D. Wheres the girl ( )16. _ the price of the pen? Its two Yuan. A. What B. How C. Wh

28、ichs D. Whats( )17. Whose room is this? A. He B. Him C. Theirs D. They( )18. Where _ you just now? A. was B. are C. do D. were( )19. Who _ best in his class? A. dance B. dancing C. dances D is dance( )20. How many _ are there? A. peoples B. people C. sheeps D. meat( )21. Could you tell me, how _ to

29、the bank? A. go B. goes C. went D. to go ( )22. _ the weather like? A. What B. How C. Hows D. Whats( )23. How much _ the pen? A. does B. are C. is D. am( )24. _ are you going to have dinner tonight? A. Who B. Where C. When D. What ( )25. -_ do you go to Hong Kong?-sorry, Ive never been there.A. How

30、long B. How often C. How far D. How soon 對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)1. My mother goes to work by bike.2. There are six kites in the sky.3. Classes begin at eight.4. It's Sunday today.5. The cats are running up the tree.6. He would like five cakes.7. They play football every Friday.8. Allan will go back to England b

31、y plane next month. 9He often has lunch in the factory 10I got up at six this morning 11They were drawing a horse when I came in 12. Tom comes from Greece. 13I didn't go to school because I had a bad cold 14He comes to China once a year 15. Ted put his bag in the desk. 16. He is 12 years old.17.

32、 I am fine.18. They had dinner at home yesterday.19. She is going to be a nurse in the future.20. Its ten minutes walk from my home to the school.Key to 鞏固練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)題( )1. Where is the man? A. Under the tree B. At 10:00 C. Read a book D. My mother( )2. How do you go to school? A. At 8:00 B. I C. Today D.

33、By bike( )3. What he? A. Working B. His father C. At home D. A teacher.( )4. What time do you get up every day? A. At home B. He C. Clean my bedroom D. At 7:00( )5. What _ she do this morning? A. is B. does C. do D. did( )6. How _ you do? A. are B. is C. do D. did ( )7. Which is better, the red one

34、_ the blue one? A. and B. or C. but D. so( )8. _ are you? Wonderful! A. How B. What C. Who D. Where ( )9. _ is it today? Its Monday. A. What date B. What day C. What time D. What language( )10. _ shall we go? In the morning. A. When B. Who C. Where D. How ( )11. Excuse me, can you tell me _ to get t

35、o the No. 1 Middle School?A. where B. which C. why D. how( )12._ got the 100th gold metal in the Olympics for China? - Zhang Yining.A. Who B. What C. When D. Where( )13_ are you talking about?We are talking about the Asia Games in Guangzhou.A. What B. Where C. Why D. How( )14._ do you visit your unc

36、le?- once a week.A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How soon( ) 15. Excuse me! _ is the nearest bookshop?Go down the street and turn left at the second corner? A. how B. what C. where D. who( ) 16. _ is a ticker for the film Hacker He? About forty Yuan. A. How old B. How many C. How much D. How

37、 often( ) 17. _ are you going? Im going to the library. A. Who B. Which C. What D. Where ( )1 8. _? Its eight. A. What day is it B. Whats five and three C. How old are you D. Whats your telephone number ( )1 9. _ shall we meet in the park? What about half past eight?A. What B. When C. Where D. Which

38、( ) 20. _ a year does your school have sports meetings? Twice a year. A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times提高題( )1. _ are you going to be in the future? I want to be a person _ Yang Liwei. A. How, like B. How, as C. What, like D. What, as( )2._ will your father be back? .A. How long

39、 B. how often C. How soon D. How wide( )3. -_sweater is this?-I think its Peters.A. Who B. What C. Which D. Whose ( )4. -_is the Confucian Temple(孔廟) from here?-Its about 10 minuters walk.A. How many B. How long C. How much D. How far ( )5. -_may I keep these book?-two weeks.A. How often B. How far

40、C. How long D. How soon( )6. -_is it from here to Yancheng Railway Station?-About two kilometers.A. How often B. How far C. How soon D. How long ( )7. -_will the foreign students be back from NanJing.-In two days, I think.A. How soon B. How often C. How far D. How fast( )8. -_?-The one behind the tr

41、ee.A. Whose girl B. Whos that girl C. Which girl D. Wheres the girl( )9. _the population of china? A. How many B. What C. Hows D. Whats( )10. _ is she? A. Whom B. Who C. Which D. When( )11. _ is the best, Tom, Jack or Tim? A. Which B. Who C. Whom D. What( )12 ._ milk do you need?- Three cups.A. How

42、many B. How much C. What D. Where( ) 13. _? Ive got a headache and a cough. A. Whats your trouble? B. Whats wrong with it?C. Can I help you? D. How are you?( ) 14. _ tea did you have? Two cups. A. How many B. How much C. How soon D. Which ( )15. _? Behind the tree. A. Whose girl B. Whos that girl C.

43、 Which girl D. Wheres the girl ( )16. _ the price of the pen? Its two Yuan. A. What B. How C. Whichs D. Whats( )17. Whose room is this? A. He B. Him C. Theirs D. They( )18. Where _ you just now? A. was B. are C. do D. were( )19. Who _ best in his class? A. dance B. dancing C. dances D is dance( )20. How many _ are there? A. peoples B. people C. sheeps D. meat( )21. Could you tell me, how _ to the bank? A. go B. goes C. went D. to go ( )22. _ the weather like? A. What B. How C. Hows D. Whats( )23. How much _ the pen? A. does B. are C. is D. am( )24. _ are you going to