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1、 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be(is,am,arbe(is,am,are e) do/does) do/does現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be (is, am be (is, am are) doingare) doing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has donehave/has done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been have/has been doingdoing一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/werewas/werediddid過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were was/were doingdoing過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)had donehad done過(guò)去
2、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doing had been doing 一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall will/shall do do 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will/shall will/shall be doing be doing 將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/shall will/shall have donehave done將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)will/shall will/shall have been have been doingdoing一般過(guò)去將一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)來(lái)時(shí)would/shoulwould/should do d do 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)過(guò)去將
3、來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí)would/shoulwould/should be doingd be doing過(guò)去將來(lái)完成過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)時(shí)would/should would/should have donehave done過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí)would/should would/should have been have been doing doing v所謂動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)所謂動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài), ,是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和狀態(tài)時(shí)間和狀態(tài). .注意:學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)鍵關(guān)注時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)注意:學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)鍵關(guān)注時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)v 動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間有過(guò)去動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間有過(guò)去, , 現(xiàn)在和
4、將來(lái)現(xiàn)在和將來(lái); ; 動(dòng)作發(fā)生動(dòng)作發(fā)生的狀態(tài)有一般性的狀態(tài)有一般性, ,進(jìn)行性和完成性進(jìn)行性和完成性. .由此構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)中由此構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)中1616種不同時(shí)態(tài)種不同時(shí)態(tài), ,如上表所示如上表所示: :v基本時(shí)態(tài)基本時(shí)態(tài)5 5種種( (紅色所示紅色所示) )掌握時(shí)態(tài)的用法掌握時(shí)態(tài)的用法, , 應(yīng)從以應(yīng)從以下幾點(diǎn)入手下幾點(diǎn)入手: :v) )謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成 ) )時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ) )一般用法一般用法v) )特殊用法特殊用法 ) ) 相關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別相關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)v 基本用法:基本用法: 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, , 存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)
5、慣性的動(dòng)作存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作. .v時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): usually, often, sometimes, every morning, : usually, often, sometimes, every morning, always, regularly ,now and then ,occasionally, always, regularly ,now and then ,occasionally, seldom, on sundays, at present ,nowadays, these days, seldom, on sundays, at present ,now
6、adays, these days, at the momentat the momentv一般用法一般用法: 1.: 1.經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作 v i go to work on foot every day.i go to work on foot every day.v we always help each other. we always help each other.v 2. 2.現(xiàn)在的特征,狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在的特征,狀態(tài) 及能力及能力 he loves sports. he loves sports. v the coat fits you well. the coa
7、t fits you well.v 3. 3. 普遍真理普遍真理, , 格言警句格言警句 v light travels faster than sound. light travels faster than sound. v practice makes perfect. practice makes perfect. v v特殊用法特殊用法 v1.1.某些表示動(dòng)作起止的動(dòng)詞某些表示動(dòng)作起止的動(dòng)詞, , 可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一個(gè)按計(jì)可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一個(gè)按計(jì)劃劃, , 規(guī)定規(guī)定, , 安排要發(fā)生的事安排要發(fā)生的事. .如如begin, be, come, go , begin, be, co
8、me, go , leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, stop, open, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, stop, open, take off, close, fall, meet, stay, take place, take off, close, fall, meet, stay, take place, happen happen 等等vegeg. tomorrow is monday. . tomorrow is monday. v when does the plane take
9、 off? when does the plane take off?v 2. 2.在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, , 條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中, , 用用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí) vif it if it rains rains tomorrow, well put off the sports tomorrow, well put off the sports meeting.meeting.v i need one more stamp before my collection i need one more stamp befor
10、e my collection is is completedcompleted. .v even if he even if he doesnt comedoesnt come this sunday, ill go this sunday, ill go fishing by myself.fishing by myself.v3.3.特殊句型特殊句型v here/there comes our teacher.(here/there comes our teacher.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作) )v vit is +it is +時(shí)間段時(shí)間段+since+
11、since. .v it is /has been five years since i moved it is /has been five years since i moved here.here.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): :v表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. .v 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):now ,at the moment, these days, :now ,at the moment, these days, nowadays ,at present nowadays ,at present v 一般用法一般用法:1. :1. 說(shuō)話時(shí)正發(fā)生或正進(jìn)
12、行的動(dòng)作說(shuō)話時(shí)正發(fā)生或正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 v im giving a lecture.im giving a lecture.v 2. 2. 現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而此刻不一定正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而此刻不一定正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 v im reading a novel these days. ( but i im reading a novel these days. ( but i am not reading it now.)am not reading it now.)v 特殊用法特殊用法: :v1.1.表示一個(gè)最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示一個(gè)最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, , 限于限于表表
13、示來(lái)去示來(lái)去, , 開(kāi)始開(kāi)始, , 結(jié)束結(jié)束, , 離開(kāi),離開(kāi), 到達(dá)等瞬間意到達(dá)等瞬間意義的動(dòng)詞義的動(dòng)詞v特殊用法特殊用法1 1:were leaving on friday.were leaving on friday.v ive won a holiday for two to florida. i ive won a holiday for two to florida. i am taking my mom am taking my mom v 2. 2.在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, ,條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中表達(dá)將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作中表達(dá)將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的
14、動(dòng)作v dont mention this when you dont mention this when you are talkingare talking with him .with him .vif she if she is sleepingis sleeping , dont wake her up. , dont wake her up.v3.3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, always, continually,constantlycontinually,constantly, , all the timeall the time等副詞連用表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作等
15、副詞連用表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作, ,含有某種感情色彩含有某種感情色彩, , 如贊揚(yáng)如贊揚(yáng), , 遺憾遺憾, , 討厭討厭, ,不滿(mǎn)等不滿(mǎn)等. .v he is always coming late. ( he is always coming late. (不滿(mǎn)不滿(mǎn)) )vyoure always thinking of others.(youre always thinking of others.(贊揚(yáng)贊揚(yáng)) )vhow are you feeling today? (how are you feeling today? (比比how do you how do you feel toda
16、y?feel today?更為親切更為親切) )v 一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)v基本用法基本用法 :表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài):表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), ,或?qū)?lái)某段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作與狀態(tài)或?qū)?lái)某段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作與狀態(tài). .v時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow, next week, from now :tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the future, in +on, in the future, in +時(shí)間段時(shí)間段v一般用法一般用法: :1.1.將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) vi shall go shopping this afte
17、rnoon./ he i shall go shopping this afternoon./ he will be back in a week.will be back in a week.v2.2.將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作vin a few years time, most people will in a few years time, most people will go to work by cargo to work by car特殊用法特殊用法v. .一般將來(lái)時(shí)可用來(lái)表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作一般將來(lái)時(shí)可用來(lái)表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作. .vegeg. oil wil
18、l float on water./crops will die without . oil will float on water./crops will die without water.water.v whenever he has time, he will come and see me . whenever he has time, he will come and see me .v其否定式表示其否定式表示“不能不能 沒(méi)法沒(méi)法”v the machine wont work.( the machine wont work.(機(jī)器沒(méi)法開(kāi)動(dòng)機(jī)器沒(méi)法開(kāi)動(dòng)) )v this play
19、wont act. ( this play wont act. (戲劇沒(méi)法上演戲劇沒(méi)法上演) )vbe going to do ,be to do , will /shall do be going to do ,be to do , will /shall do 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別v前兩者都可表示按計(jì)劃前兩者都可表示按計(jì)劃, , 安排做某事安排做某事.be to do .be to do 還可表命令還可表命令, ,意愿或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)意愿或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn). will/shall do. will/shall do則側(cè)重臨時(shí)的打算則側(cè)重臨時(shí)的打算. .vare we to go on with the
20、work?= shall we are we to go on with the work?= shall we ? ?vif you are to be there on time, if you are to be there on time, ( (意愿意愿) )v-you have left the light on .-you have left the light on . -oh, sorry. ill go and turn it off.( -oh, sorry. ill go and turn it off.(被告知前無(wú)打算被告知前無(wú)打算.一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)v一般用法一般
21、用法:(:(表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)在的狀態(tài).(.(包括習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作包括習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作) )v 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yesterday, last week, :yesterday, last week, ago, ago, later, later, in 1980in 1980v i had supper at 6:30. i had supper at 6:30. v i wasnt at home last night. i wasnt at home last night.v my father often took me
22、to visit my grandpa my father often took me to visit my grandpa when he was alive.when he was alive.v 特殊用法特殊用法: : 1. 1.在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, ,條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作句中過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作v he said he would come if he was not busy.he said he would come if he was not busy.v 2. 2. 有些情況發(fā)生的時(shí)間不很清楚有些情況發(fā)生的時(shí)間不很清楚( (無(wú)
23、明確時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)無(wú)明確時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)), ), 但實(shí)際是過(guò)去發(fā)生的但實(shí)際是過(guò)去發(fā)生的. .v i was glad to get your letter.i was glad to get your letter.v what did you say? what did you say?vwhat was the final score?what was the final score?.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)v表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成, , 但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響. .v 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):already, yet, before, just, ever, :already
24、, yet, before, just, ever, lately, recently, often, sometimes, never, lately, recently, often, sometimes, never, once, twice , foronce, twice , for , since , sincev 基本用法基本用法1. 1. 不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示說(shuō)話不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示說(shuō)話之前動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成之前動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成, , 而后果和影響至今存在而后果和影響至今存在. .vi have seen the film many times.i have seen t
25、he film many times.vthe city has taken on a new look.the city has taken on a new look.v2.2.到現(xiàn)在為止這一時(shí)期中發(fā)生的情況到現(xiàn)在為止這一時(shí)期中發(fā)生的情況( (可能是多次可能是多次動(dòng)作的總和動(dòng)作的總和, , 也可表示狀態(tài)和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作也可表示狀態(tài)和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作) )vhow many pages have covered today?how many pages have covered today?vshe has done a lot of work for us.she has done a lot
26、of work for us.vhe has been ill for a week.he has been ill for a week.v3.3.表示一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)表示一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)v the conference has lasted five days.the conference has lasted five days.v4.4.在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, ,條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中表達(dá)將來(lái)某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作從句中表達(dá)將來(lái)某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作vwhen you when you have learnedhave learned english
27、, you will english, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.find it a bridge to so much knowledge.vwell start at six if it well start at six if it has stoppedhas stopped raining by then.raining by then.v5.特殊句型特殊句型:vits the first time that have/has done.vit has been/is + 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段 +since .vthis i
28、s the best film that i have ever seen.v6.6.短暫性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)不與時(shí)間段連用短暫性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)不與時(shí)間段連用, , 如需連用如需連用可轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, , v如如diebe dead , leavebe away , come back diebe dead , leavebe away , come back be back , fall in love with -be in love with , be back , fall in love with -be in love with , marrybe marr
29、ied to , join be a member of marrybe married to , join be a member of /be in/be invhe has died .he has died . v一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別v一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,而現(xiàn)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講的是迄今為止的這一段時(shí)間的情況,一個(gè)在完成時(shí)講的是迄今為止的這一段時(shí)間的情況,一個(gè)影響現(xiàn)狀的動(dòng)作,無(wú)論從時(shí)間上,后果上和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系影響現(xiàn)狀的動(dòng)作,無(wú)論從時(shí)間上,后果上和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)了起來(lái)了v?(?(現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在是否在在是否在這
30、這里?)里?)v?(?(剛剛才在才在嗎嗎?)?)v(可能找到了)(可能找到了)v (還沒(méi)還沒(méi)找著)找著)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)v表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作v時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): ,v ,v ,v ,v v一般用法一般用法:1.1.過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作vthe teacher came in the teacher came in whenwhen they were talking. they were talking.vhe was reading he was reading whilewhile sh
31、e was watching tv. she was watching tv.2.2.與與 always, continually, constantly, all the timealways, continually, constantly, all the time等副等副詞連用表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作詞連用表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作, ,含有某種感情色彩含有某種感情色彩, , 如贊如贊揚(yáng)揚(yáng), , 遺憾遺憾, , 討厭討厭, ,不滿(mǎn)等(同現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))不滿(mǎn)等(同現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)).過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)v用法:用法:過(guò)去某時(shí)之前業(yè)已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況(過(guò)去某時(shí)之前業(yè)已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況(過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去)的過(guò)
32、去)v時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):before, after, once, until, by before, after, once, until, by then end of +then end of +過(guò)去時(shí)間過(guò)去時(shí)間vby the end of by the end of last yearlast year , they had treated , they had treated 30, 000 patients.30, 000 patients.vthey had finished all the work they had finished all the work before d
33、usk.before dusk.vwe congratulated them on the success they we congratulated them on the success they had achieved.had achieved.v2.2.表希望表希望, , 打算的詞如打算的詞如hope, expect, intend, hope, expect, intend, plan, mean, want, think , supposeplan, mean, want, think , suppose可用過(guò)去可用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示本打算完成時(shí)表示本打算/ /希望做而沒(méi)做到的事希望
34、做而沒(méi)做到的事. .vi i had hoped to visit had hoped to visit mount tai last summer, mount tai last summer, but i was toobut i was too busy.(busy.(也可表達(dá)為也可表達(dá)為hoped to have hoped to have visited/ was hoping to visit)visited/ was hoping to visit)v3 3 特殊句型特殊句型: : 剛一剛一就就vno sooner had +no sooner had +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) +done t
35、han +done than +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ did+ didvhardly/scarcely had +hardly/scarcely had +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ done when + done when +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ did.+ did.v及某些虛擬語(yǔ)氣句式及某些虛擬語(yǔ)氣句式. .vegeg : no sooner had it rained than i went home . : no sooner had it rained than i went home .vhardly/scarcely had +hardly/scarcely had +mrmr .white arrived ch
36、ina when .white arrived china when +he + began to work .+he + began to work .v注意注意:此句型中先發(fā)生的用完成時(shí):此句型中先發(fā)生的用完成時(shí), , 后發(fā)生的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)后發(fā)生的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)v用過(guò)去完成時(shí)有一個(gè)重要前提用過(guò)去完成時(shí)有一個(gè)重要前提, , 既兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同時(shí)既兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同時(shí)間間, , 先發(fā)生的用完成時(shí)先發(fā)生的用完成時(shí), , 但如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生但如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生, , 則則可都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)可都用一般過(guò)去時(shí). .vafter we said goodbye to our friends, w
37、e left the after we said goodbye to our friends, we left the village.village.vjust before i left america, i sent them a telegram.just before i left america, i sent them a telegram.將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)v表將來(lái)某時(shí)業(yè)已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表將來(lái)某時(shí)業(yè)已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. . 常見(jiàn)狀語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)狀語(yǔ)by +by +將來(lái)時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)間間. .vi shall have finished it before lunch.i shall have fi
38、nished it before lunch.vwhen we get there, they will have left.when we get there, they will have left.vthe new building will have been completed by the new building will have been completed by the end of august.the end of august.v有時(shí)也用來(lái)表揣測(cè)有時(shí)也用來(lái)表揣測(cè). .vthey will have arrived by now.they will have arriv
39、ed by now.vwe worked together for a year. he wont we worked together for a year. he wont have forgotten mehave forgotten mev, ,.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)v表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行或反復(fù)的動(dòng)表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作作.(.(可能仍在進(jìn)行,可能仍在進(jìn)行, 也可能停了一會(huì)兒也可能停了一會(huì)兒.).)vhow long has it been raining?how long has it been raining?vive been sitti
40、ng here all afternoon.ive been sitting here all afternoon.vshe has been cycling to work for the last 3 she has been cycling to work for the last 3 weeks.weeks.v一般過(guò)去時(shí)僅表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一般過(guò)去時(shí)僅表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作; ; 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去, , 但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響; ; 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則是涉及了現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則是涉及了3 3個(gè)時(shí)間個(gè)時(shí)間, , 開(kāi)始在開(kāi)始在過(guò)
41、去過(guò)去, , 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在, , 并可能持續(xù)到并可能持續(xù)到將來(lái)將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)一致時(shí)態(tài)一致v)一般主句和從句時(shí)態(tài)要基本一致v) 如果從句所敘述的為真理或不變的事實(shí),則永遠(yuǎn)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)v。at that time, people did not know that the earth moves.he told me last week that he is eighteen.v3)賓語(yǔ)從句中如主語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在時(shí),則從句可根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài)ve has said he will come to you anytime .v4)時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,在陳述語(yǔ)氣中一般將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)
42、去時(shí)代替vif you have time tomorrow ,you had better have a talk with your boss about your pay .exercisesv1. - oh, dear. i forgot the air tickets.v- you _ something.v a. have left b. are always leaving v c. are leaving d. always leftv2. - i _ so busily recently that i _ no v time to help you with your mat
43、h.v- thats ok. i can manage it by myself.va. have been working; have vb. have worked; hadvc. am working; will have vd. had been working; had hadv3. remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me.va. are writing b. will write c. has written d. writev4. he _ at the meeting, but his heart atta
44、ck prevented him.va. will speak b. is going to speakvc. had to speak d. was going to speakv5. - i beg your pardon, but i didnt quite catch you.v - oh, i _ myself.va. am talking to b. talked aboutvc. have talked to d. was talking tov6. i _ ping-pong quite well, but ivhavent had time to play since the
45、 new year.va. will play b. have played vc. played d. playv7. - what _ when i phoned you?v- i _ my work, and i wanted to go out.va. have you done; finishedvb. were you doing; have finishedvc. did you do; had just finishedvd. were you doing; had just finishedv8. - have you finished the report?v- no. i
46、 _ it all this week.va. will do b. had donevc. have done d. have been doingv9. - we _ that you would fix the tv set this week.v- im sorry. i _ to fix it this week, but ive been too busy.va. had expected; had intendedvb. are expecting; had intendedvc. expect; intendvd. expected; intendv10. they wont
47、buy new clothes because they _ money to buy a new house.va. save b. are savingvc. have saved d. were savingv11. - i will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.v- im sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and i _ my guests in my office.va. is being met b. will meetvc. will be meeting d. wi
48、ll have metv12. i know mr. brown; we _ to each other at an international conference.va. are introduced b. are been introducedvc. were introduced d. had been introducedv13. dont bother to look for my dictionary - it _ some day.v a. turns up b. has turned upvc. will turn up d. is going to turn upv14.
49、the plane _ at 7:00 pm, so i have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.v a. has left b. would leavevc. will have left d. leavesv15. the train _ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine oclock tonight.va. went b. is going c. goes d. will be goingv16. i used t
50、o drink a lot of tea but these days i _ coffee.va. prefer b. preferredvc. had preferred d. am preferringv17. i want to buy that kind of cloth because i _ the cloth _ well.va. have told; washes b. have been told; washesvc. was told; washed d. have been told; is washedv18. - is tom still smoking?v- no. by next saturday he _ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarett
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