(名)資深教師中高考輔導(dǎo)講座高考完形填空指導(dǎo)

1、高考高考完完形形填填空指導(dǎo)空指導(dǎo) “完形填空”是英語高考題中難度較大得分率較低對(duì)考生要求較高的一種題型.所謂完形填空，就是在一篇完整的意思連貫的文章中有目的地挖去一些詞語，形成文章的空格，要求考生從文章的內(nèi)容、組織結(jié)構(gòu)和語言特點(diǎn)出發(fā)，全面考慮問題，綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯、語法知識(shí)、文化風(fēng)俗背景知識(shí)和一般常識(shí)性知識(shí)，選出一個(gè)最佳答案。完形填空后的文章，不僅要語法正確、用詞恰當(dāng)，而且意思、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、合理。 完形填空是綜合性很強(qiáng)的題目綜合性很強(qiáng)的題目. . 它不僅測試應(yīng)試它不僅測試應(yīng)試者在詞匯和句子水平上運(yùn)用語言的能力，還測試者在詞匯和句子水平上運(yùn)用語言的能力，還測試應(yīng)試者在語篇上綜合運(yùn)用語言結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。

2、應(yīng)試者在語篇上綜合運(yùn)用語言結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。具備較強(qiáng)的快速閱讀和語篇的整體理解能力，能夠根據(jù)上、下文線索通篇考慮.完形填空中所填的詞是與文章的上下文有聯(lián)系的。做完形填空，必須要在通讀全文、了解大意的前提下，根據(jù)所提供的選項(xiàng)及句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、語法、語篇等信息，通過邏輯推理、對(duì)比等手段最后確定答案。完形填空強(qiáng)調(diào)解題的思維過程，強(qiáng)調(diào)分析、判斷、理解、綜合等能力在解題中的作用，屬于邏輯型試題。 完形填空在出題時(shí)有這樣一條原則：去掉10個(gè)空格后不會(huì)影響考生對(duì)文章大意的了解。所以，考生在填空前，大可不必為理解上的障礙而省略了閱讀全文這至關(guān)重要的一步。另外,在通常情況下，文章開頭的第一句話都是完整的信息，這些句子揭示

3、文章的背景知識(shí)或主題思想，一般作者在第一句話就交代了人物的姓名、身份、業(yè)績或事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，然后再介紹事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展，最后得出結(jié)果?？忌陂喿x中一定要仔細(xì)研讀，并結(jié)合常識(shí)判斷構(gòu)建一定的預(yù)期，為后面的閱讀掃清障礙。在做完形填空時(shí)，應(yīng)采取以下五個(gè)步在做完形填空時(shí)，應(yīng)采取以下五個(gè)步驟逐一進(jìn)行。驟逐一進(jìn)行。 步驟一，了解大意 步驟二，初選答案 步驟三，尋找線索 步驟四，回頭補(bǔ)缺 步驟五，核實(shí)答案 步驟一，了解大意步驟二，初選答案步驟三，尋找線索 做完形填空必須要從整篇文章入手，通篇考慮，結(jié)合上下文尋找線索。有些題只從那句話來考慮，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以選，但從上下文看，就能迅速排除其它三個(gè)，

4、得出正確答案，所以,從某種意義上來說，“尋找線索“不僅可以考察考生的語言知識(shí)，而且更強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的整體把握。 步驟四，回頭補(bǔ)缺 在做題時(shí)，如果有的難題一時(shí)做不出來，可以繼續(xù)往下做。只要堅(jiān)持往下做，隨著空格變得越來越少，難度越來越低,對(duì)文章的理解也越來越輕松，有時(shí)就能從下文的線索和暗示中找到答案.步驟五，核實(shí)答案 空格填完后考生應(yīng)將答案帶入原文通讀，通讀的目的是通過“語感”來核實(shí)答案。這樣, 可以改正填錯(cuò)的詞。完形填空出題有以下五種思路 (一）詞義與詞形的辨析 (二）邏輯關(guān)系 (三)結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別, (四)固定搭配 (五)動(dòng)詞的用法,介詞的 用法（一）詞義與詞形的辨析 選項(xiàng)與選項(xiàng)之間構(gòu)成同義詞、反義

5、詞、形近詞的關(guān)系。有時(shí)出題者也借助選項(xiàng)，考察考生對(duì)某些單詞詞義的準(zhǔn)確理解。 （二）邏輯關(guān)系 所填空格的句子，與上下文構(gòu)成指代、列舉、因果、比較、對(duì)比、讓步、 補(bǔ)充、遞進(jìn)等邏輯關(guān)系。 上下文邏輯關(guān)系的考察，是完形填空測試中最重要的一點(diǎn)。(三)結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別 這里講到的結(jié)構(gòu)，指的是固定詞組，如not onlybutalso, somethe others, hardly when ,no soonerthan等。 (四)固定搭配 是指動(dòng)詞與名詞之間的搭配。如：pay attention to, lay emphasis on, make use of, take action, etc.(五)動(dòng)詞，介詞

6、的用法 考生應(yīng)從動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)，以及非謂語動(dòng)詞 (不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）幾個(gè)角度逐一考慮。 介詞的用法中多考察介詞與名詞、介詞與形容詞及介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配和用法。 總之，完形填空的成功離不開對(duì)篇章的整體把握，切不可孤立地、片面地看問題。 完形填空答題方法與技巧做完型填空的基本程序：粗讀了解大意細(xì)讀初選答案復(fù)讀糾正錯(cuò)誤。2001(上海卷) b many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. they sleep better and wake up feeling m

7、ore (1)_, . 1. a. conscious b. peaceful c. effective d. refreshedd researchers have found that physical exercise, especially (3)_ in the afternoon or early morning, produces more (4)_ early in the night. 3. a. made b. done c. functioned d. conducted4. a. nights sleep b. dreaming sleep c. deep sleep

8、d. rem bc (5)_ can also help you get a better nights sleep in a number of indirect ways. the relaxation and tiredness (6)_ by exercise can improve sleep. 5. a. exercise b. dreams c. researchers d. doctors 6. a .recovered b. strengthened c. caused d. reducedac exercise encourages weight loss and also

9、 may (7)_ depression. 7. a. increase b. relieve c. release d. arouse b the (9)_ of exercise are especially important for older people, 9. a. disadvantage b. benefits c. ways d. placesb 2002 (上海卷 春) a it is very important to have healthy teeth. good teeth help us to chew our food. they also help us t

10、o look nice. how does a tooth go bad? the (1)_ begins in a little crack in the enamel (琺瑯) covering of the tooth. this happens after germs and bits of food have (2)_ there. then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. in the end, poison goes into the blood, and we may feel quite ill. 1.a. destruc

11、tion b. decay c. fault d. hurt 2. a. stored b. collected c. laid d. piledbb how can we keep our teeth (3)_? first, we ought to visit our dentist twice a year. he can fill the small holes in our teeth before they destroy the teeth. he can (4)_ our teeth to check that they are growing in the right way

12、. 3. a. healthy b. complete c. effective d. painless 4. a. observe b. skin c. watch d. examinead (5)_, many people wait until they have toothache before they see a dentist. secondly, we should brush our teeth with a toothbrush and fluoride (氟化物) toothpaste at least (6) a dayonce after breakfast and

13、once before we go to bed. 5. a. unexpectedly b. certainly c. unfortunately d. generally times6. a. once b. twice c. three times d. fourcb we can also use wooden toothpicks to (7)_ between our teeth after a meal. thirdly, we should eat food that is (8)_ to our teeth and our body: milk, cheese, fish,

14、brown bread, potatoes, red rice, new vegetables and fresh fruit. 7. a. drill b. dig c. clean d. explore8. a. delicious b. valuable c. beneficial d. meaningfulcc chocolate, sweets, biscuits and cakes are bad, especially (9)_ we eat them between meals. they are harmful because they (10)_ our teeth and

15、 cause decay. 9. a. what b. how c. whether d. when10. a. stick to b. attach to c. fix on d. keep toda 2002 (上海卷) a have you ever regretted doing something you shouldnt have done or something you didnt do which you should have? at one time or another we probably all have. theres no (1)_ in getting de

16、pressed about it now its no (2)_ crying over spilt (溢出的) milk. 1.a. reason b. purpose c. point d. result2.a. use b. help c. value d. benefitca however, there may be some gain in thinking about exactly what happened and why (3)_ we might be able to draw some conclusions for the future. one thing we a

17、ll do now and again is to lose our (4)_ with a friend or close relative. 3. a. so b. because c. but d. though4. a. mind b. memory c. manner d. temperbd the odd thing is that we more often display great (5)_ towards someone we are fond of than towards (6)_.5. a. anger b. interest c. love d. respect6.

18、 a. strangers b. friends c. relatives d. colleaguesaa the explanation may be that we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net, an opportunity to (7)_ a bit of steam in a safe environment, while the consequences (后果) of (8)_ a stranger could be far more serious. 7. a. run through b. throw aw

19、ay c. give up d. let off8. a. inviting b. insulting c. speaking to d. believing indb 2002 (上海卷) b several factors make a good newspaper story. first obviously it must be new. but since tv can react to events so quickly, this is often a problem for (1)_. they usually respond to it in one of three way

20、s. by providing (2)_ detail, comment or background information.1.a. newspapers b. publication c. reporters d. broadcasters2. a. extra b. available c. inaccessible d. memorableaa by finding a new (3)_ on the days major stories. by printing completely different stories which tv doesnt broadcast. what

21、else? well it also has to be (4)_. 3. a. direction b. look c. angle d. section4. a. tragic b. dramatic c. professional d. sensitive cb people dont want to read about ordinary, everyday-life. because of this, many stories (5)_d_ some kind of conflict or danger. this is one reason why so much news see

22、ms to be (6)_b_ news. 5.a.quite b.neglect c.increase d.involve 6.a.good b.bad c. exciting rmation db “plane lands safely no-one hurt” doesnt sell newspapers. “plane (7)_ - 200 feared dead!” does. next, theres human interest. people are interested in other (8)_ - particularly in the rich, famou

23、s and powerful. stories about the private lives of pop singers, actors, models, politicians, (9)_, all appear regularly in certain newspapers. 7. a. crashes b. bumps c. strikes d. drops8. a. places b. people c. things d. news9. a. in addition b. in many case c. for example d. after allabc finally, f

24、or many editors, (10)_ is an important factor, too. they prefer stories about people, places and events which their readers know. thats why the stories in tokyos newspapers are often very different from the stories printed in paris, cairo, new york or buenos aires. d10. a. personality b. similarity

25、c. uniqueness d. familiarity 2002 (全國卷) what is intelligence (智力) anyway? when i was in the army i (1)_ an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and, against (2)_ of 100, scored 160. 1. a. failed b. wrote c. received d. chose2. a. an average b. a total c. an exam d. a numberca i had an auto-repa

26、ir man once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not (3)_ have scored more than 80. (4)_, when anything went wrong with my car i hurried to him and he always (5)_ it. 3. a. always b. possibly c. certainly d. frequently4. a. then b. thus c. therefore d. yet5. a. fixed b. checked c. drove d. chang

27、edbda 2003 (上海卷 春) a many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. they say that it is (1)_ for children to work at home in their free time. 1.a. unnecessary b. uninteresting c. unfortunate d. unimportant a (2)_, they argue that most teachers do not (3)_ plan the homework tasks

28、they give to pupils. the result is that pupils have to (4)_ tasks which they have already done at school.2. a. nevertheless b. however c. therefore d. moreover3. a. considerable b. favourably c. properly d. pleasantly4. a. finish b. repeat c. attend d. accomplishdcb recently in greece many parents (

29、5)_ about the difficult homework which teachers gave to their children. the parents said that most of the homework was a waste of time, and they wanted to (6)_ it. 5. a. quarrelled b. puzzled c. explored d. complained6. a. delay b. stop c. block d. provedb a pupil who can do his homework in a quiet

30、and (9)_ room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. some parents help their children with their homework. other parents take no (10)_ at all in their childrens homework.9. a. furnished b. expensive c. comfortable d. suitable10.

31、 a. interest b. curiosity c. notice d. attentionca 2003 (上海卷) a farmers, as we all know, have been having a hard time of it lately, and have turned to new ways of earning income from their land. this involves not only planting new kinds of crops, but some (1)_ ways of making money, the most unusual

32、of which has got to be sleep racing. yes, you heard me (2)_! 1.a. common b. strange c. swift d. illegal2. a. honestly b. surprisingly c. completely d. correctlybd 2003 （上海卷）b the british love to think of themselves as polite, and everyone knows how fond they are of their “pleases” and “thank yous”.

33、even the simplest business such as buying a train ticket requires (1)_ seven or eight of these. another (2)_ of our good manners is the queue. 1. a. at least b. at most c. less than d. not more than2. a. signal b. scene c. sign d. sightac newcomers to britain could be forgiven for thinking that queu

34、ing rather than football was the (3)_ national sport. finally, of course, motorists generally stop at crossings. but does all this mean that the british should consider themselves more polite than their european neighbours? i think not. take forms of address (稱呼) for example. the average english per

35、son (4)_ he happens to work in a hotel or department store - would rather die than call a stranger “sir” or “madam”. yet in some european countries this is the most basic of common address. 3. a. true b. original c. superior d. advanced4. a. if b. whether c. when d. unlessad 2004 (上海卷 - 春) a people

36、wear hats for three main reasons: protection, communication, and decoration. protection. people first began to wear hats to (1)_ themselves from the climate. in hot, sunny climates, wide-edged hats provide (2)_ from the sun. 1. a. defend b. protect c. prevent d. hide2. a. shade b. shadow c. security

37、 d. coverba in cold climates, people often wear wool hats. in some regions, people wear a variety of protective hats, (3)_ the season. they may wear a wool hat in winter, a rain hat in spring or fall, and a wide-edged hat in summer. hats also provide protection in certain (4)_. 3. a. resulting from

38、b. basing upon c. relating to d. depending on4. a. seasons b. climates c. activities d. communitiesdc construction workers, football players, military personnel, and people in many other fields wear metal or plastic helmets (頭盔) for protection from (5)_a_. communication. hats can communicate various

39、 things about the people who wear them. the hats of coal mines, cowboys and firemen indicate the wearers (6)_b_. 5. a. injury b. destruction c. harm d. pollution6.a. experience b. occupation c. personality d. educationab students may wear a mortarboard (學(xué)位帽) to show they are graduating from high sch

40、ool or college. decoration. most people wear a hat that they believe makes them look attractive, (7)_ the hats main purpose may be protection or communication. many protective hats are attractive and stylish. even the caps of police officers and military personnel are designed to (8)_ the wearers ap

41、pearance. 7. a. as b. unless c. though d. because8. a. change b. increase c. display d. improvecd certain decorative hats are worn as a(n) (9)_a_. in scotland, for example, people wear a cap called a tam-o-shanter that is part of their national costume (服裝). many people change their style of hat fro

42、m time to time because they feel more (10)_c_ when keeping up with the latest fashion.9. a. tradition b. label c. honour d. fashion10. a. sociable b. informal c. attractive d.nobleac 2005(上海卷) a are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friends home or in a restaurant than they are

43、 at your own home? probably so, (1)_ you are aware that people judge you by your table manners. you take special pains when you are eating (2)_. have you ever stopped to realize how much less self-conscious you would be on such occasions if (3)_ table manners had become a habit for you? 1. a. becaus

44、e b. but c. unless d. though 2. a. in public b. at home c. at ease d. in a hurry 3. a. such b. no c. some d. good aadbyou can make them a habit by (4)_ good table manners at home. good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel (5)_. this is true at home as much as it is true in some

45、one elses home or in a restaurant. good (6)_ make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table. 4. a. acting b. enjoying c. practising d. watching 5. a. comfortable b. stressed c. depressed d. outstanding 6. a. dishes b. manners c. atmospheres d. friends cabby this time you probably know quite wel

46、l what good table manners are. you (7)_ that keeping your arms on the table, talking with your (8)_ full, and wolfing down your food are not considered good manners. you know also that if you are mannerly, you say “please” and “thank you” and ask for things to be passed to you. have you ever thought

47、 of a pleasant attitude as being (9)_ to good table manners? not only are pleasant mealtimes enjoyable, but they aid digestion. the dinner table is a (10)_ for enjoyable conversation. it should be never become a battleground. you are definitely growing in social maturity (成熟) when you try to be an a

48、greeable table companion. 7. a. mention b. prefer c. doubt d. realize 8. a. stomach b. hands c. mouth d. bowl 9. a. essential b. considerate c. obvious d. unusal10. a. time b. place c. chance d. waydcab 2005 (上海卷) b there is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. man

49、y artists, (1)_, would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the various areas of human activity. (2)_ , in the late nineteenth century the connections between music and painting were particularly (3)_. artists were invited to design clothes and settings for operas and ballets, but sometimes it was the musicians who were inspired (給以靈感) by the work of contemporary painters. of the musical compositions that were considered as (4)_ to the visual arts, perhaps the most famous is mussorgskys pictures at an exhibition. mussorg