九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)定語(yǔ)從句教案

1、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句（attributive clauses）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下： is he the man who/t

2、hat wants to see you?他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)） he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）2) whose 用來(lái)指人或物，(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如： they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。 please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is gree

3、n.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。3）which, that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，例如：a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）the package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)） 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，

4、在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。1）when, where, why 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如： there are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。 beijing is the place where (in which) i was born.北京是我的出生地。 is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒

5、絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？2）that代替關(guān)系副詞 that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略，例如： his father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 he is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方。 判斷關(guān)系代

6、詞與關(guān)系副詞  方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： this is the mountain village where i stayed last year. i'll never forget the days when i worked together with you. 判斷改錯(cuò)（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。） （錯(cuò)） this is the mountain village where i visited last year. （錯(cuò)）

7、i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside. （對(duì)） this is the mountain village (which) i visited last year. （對(duì)） i'll never forget the days (which) i spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1. i

8、s this museum _ you visited a few days age? a. whereb. that c. on which d. the one例2. is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. a. whereb. that c. on whichd. the one答案：例1 d，例2 a例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?this museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?this is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分為賓

9、語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選d。 而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選a。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原

10、因狀語(yǔ)) 。 限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 1) 定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，例如：this is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的那幢房子。（限制性）the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的。（非限制性）2) 當(dāng)先行詞是專(zhuān)有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常

11、是非限制性的，例如：charles smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。my house, which i bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買(mǎi)的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。this novel, which i have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)

12、單數(shù)，例如：he seems not to have grasped what i meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。18.5 介詞+關(guān)系詞1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3） 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和wherewhy

13、互換。 this is the house where(in which) i lived two years ago.do you remember the day on which you joined our club?do you remember the day when you joined our club? 關(guān)系代詞that 的用法1）不用that的情況a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。 (錯(cuò))the tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b) 介詞后不能用。（指物用which,指人用whom） we

14、depend on the land from which we get our food. we depend on the land that/which we get our food from.c) 句首有指示代詞that,為了不重復(fù)不用that而用其他詞。that man is the person whom your brother sent the letter to this morning.2) 只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。b)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。c)先行詞有the only, the very修飾