介詞加關系代詞定語從句

1、精品資料歡迎下載“介詞 + 關系代詞 ”引導的定語從句“介詞 +關系代詞”型定語從句五大考點“介詞 +關系代詞”引導的定語從句是英語語法中的難點和重點, 近年來高考對這一語法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查大有升溫之勢。在介詞后作賓語的關系代詞只有which 和 whom 。如先行詞是物，引導詞用which ；如先行詞是人，則引導詞用whom 。如：This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.This is the student for whom I bought the book.考點 1 簡單介詞 +關系代詞知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關系代詞指人時只能用whom, 指

2、物時只能用which ；介詞選擇的依據(jù)主要是根據(jù)從句中的動詞、形容詞、 名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定；或者 以先行詞與從句中的動詞關系及所表達的含義而定；或者 以先行詞在定語從句中的作用和含義而定，并且 含有介詞的短語動詞不能拆開，介詞仍然放在動詞之后。（1）根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞確定介詞，其動詞或介詞搭配，構(gòu)成動詞短語。例如：Is this the car for which you paid a high price? (pay for)In the dark street, there wasn t a single person to whom she could turn for he

3、lp. (turn to sb for help)The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb)（2）根據(jù)定語從句中的形容詞確定介詞，其形容詞與介詞搭配，構(gòu)成形容詞短語。例如：The two thingsabout which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.(be sure about)The teacher of whom the students in our cla

4、ss are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fond of)（3）根據(jù)定語從句所修飾的先行詞確定介詞，其先行詞往往是表示時間、地點、原因、方法、工具等的詞，它們與介詞之間有一定的聯(lián)系。當“介詞 +關系代詞”在定語從句中充當時間、地點、原因狀語時，可分別用 when, where, why 替換。例如： I ” ll never forget the dayon which (=when) I joined the army.The factory in which (=where) his father works is far away

5、from my hometown.I don” t know the reason for which (=why) he was late.（ 4）根據(jù)句子的意思確定介詞。有些句子，先行詞完全一樣，定語從句中謂語動詞不是由固定的動詞短語構(gòu)成的，這時，要根據(jù)句子所要表達的意思，選用不同的介詞。例如：This is the pilotfor whomI bought a camera.This is the pilotwith whommy brother has worked for ten years.This is the pilotby whom my son was saved.1.

6、(2004 全國卷 ) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days.解析：關系代詞 which 指代 the journey, 定語從句恢復為獨立的句子是： The sailing time of the journey was 226 days. 故答案選 A 。2. (2004 全國卷 ) The English play _ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great suc

7、cess.精品資料歡迎下載A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which解析：本句主句部分應是 The English play at the New Year's party was a great success.從句補全為獨立的句子是 :My students acted in the play. 故答案選 C。3. (2004 上海卷 ) American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A. whoB. as

8、C. about whichD. with whom解析：先行詞為 someone,被關系代詞 whom 代替在從句中作 talk with 以放在關系代詞之前， identify.as. 意為“把當作” ，故答案選的賓語，介詞D。with可考點 2 復雜介詞 +關系代詞知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關系代詞有which, whom, whose。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的復雜介詞有：as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, onaccount of 等。例如：We

9、got to a house at the back of which was a large garden.Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided?考點 3 簡單介詞 +關系代詞 +名詞知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關系代詞有 which, whose 。介詞的選擇取決于關系代詞后的名詞及整個句子的含義。高考考例：(1995 上海 ) In the office, I never seem to have time untilpeople have gone home.A. whoseB. thatC.

10、on whichD. by whichafter 5:30 p.m. _ time many解析：介詞 by 表示時間的意思是“到那時為止” 。這句話的意思是“在辦公室里，我似乎直到下午 5：30 才有空，那時許多人都已經(jīng)回家了” 。故答案選 D ?？键c 4 the+ 名詞 +of+ 關系代詞知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關系代詞只有which 。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關系, 口語中常用“ whose +名詞”代替。非正式文體中可以用“of which the + 名詞”。 高考考例：(2000 上海 ) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was ver

11、y reasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose解析： 答案選 B 。本題就是一個考查the+ 名詞 +of+ 關系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的一個典型例子。這里theprice of which指代the price of the vase,答案也可以是whose price 。考點 5 表示部分的詞語of關系代詞知識歸納：此時，指人的關系代詞只能是whom, 指物的關系代詞只能是which 。表示部分的詞語常見的有： 不定代詞 all, both, none, neither, either,

12、some, any, 數(shù)詞 (含基數(shù)詞， 序數(shù)詞，分數(shù)和百分數(shù) )；數(shù)詞 +名詞；the+最高級 /比較級，以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語 many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。高考考例：1. (2004 湖北卷 ) There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the largerB. the larger of themC. the larger one thatD. the larger of which解析：答案為 D 。the larger o

13、f which 指代 the larger of the two buildings; B選項缺少一個連詞。2. (2004 遼寧卷 ) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad.A. of whichB. which ofC. of themD. of that精品資料歡迎下載解析：答案為A 。80% of which 指代的是80% of the shoes。本題意為：這家工廠每年生產(chǎn)的50 萬雙鞋子有80%都是銷往國外的?！敖樵~ 關系代詞 ”引導的定語從句常見錯

14、誤我們在學習定語從句時 ,常常會看到 " 介詞 +關系代詞 " 引導的定語從句 ,即把從句中的某一介詞或介詞短語提到關系代詞前 .使用這類定語從句時 ,常常會出現(xiàn)五類錯誤 .現(xiàn)在歸納如下：一、關系詞的誤用1. The person to who you should write is Mr Hall. (whom)2. I lost the book in that there are five color pictures. (which)3. The day on when we can send men into space has at last come. (wh

15、ich)4. He went back to the house in where he was born twenty years ago. (which)簡析 :當介詞位于從句的句首時,介詞后一般用關系代詞whom( 指人 ,如 1 不可為代替 )或 which( 指物 , 如 2.先行詞即使為表示時間或地點的名詞,介詞后也不能用whowhen所或where,如 3 和 4).不過 ,注意介詞from 有時根據(jù)句意的需要,也可以接where.如 :He hid himself behind the door, from where he saw the man take a photo o

16、f something on thedesk.他躲在門后面,從那里他看見那個人拍攝了桌子上的什么東西一下door" 從門后面 ",并非指 from the door" 從門 ").(指 frombehind the二、拆開從句中極固定的動詞搭配5. He was the boy after whom the woman had looked for many years. (whom the woman had looked after for many years)簡析 :若將定語從句中搭配極為固定的短語中的介詞提前 ,其中的短語可能會失去它們本身的意

17、義或可能使句子產(chǎn)生歧義 ,如 look after, look for, depend on, go in for ( 迷戀 ) 等短語 .三、介詞與定語從句所修飾的先行詞搭配不當6. The farm in which we worked ten years ago isn't what it used to be. (on)7. She wanted to find the way with which she could make everyone live more happily. (in)簡析 :6. on the farm 為習慣搭配 ,表示 " 在農(nóng)場 &qu

18、ot;7. in 與 way 搭配 ,表示 "用辦法 ,以方式 ".四、介詞與定語從句中的謂語部分搭配不當8. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person from whom she could turn for help. (to)9. This is the tree in which the boat was tied. (to)10. Can you find an object with which your toy is similar? (to)簡析 :8. turn to sb. for help

19、 表示 "向某人求助 "9. tie 與 to 連用 ,表示 "拴 / 系到上 "10.similar 與 to 搭配 ,表示 " 與相似 ".五、介詞與句子的具體含義搭配不當11. I can't remember the age in which I won that prize. (at)12. That is the age at which people live in peace and happy. (in)簡析 :根據(jù)全句意義,11 中的 age 作 " 年歲 " 解 ,應與 at 搭配 ;

20、12 中的 age 表示 " 時期 ,時代 ",應與 in 搭配 .練習：用適當?shù)摹敖樵~+關系代詞”填空。1. We have many labs, the largest _ was built last year.2. The strange force is gravity _ the earth pulls all bodies.3. The English play _ my students acted at the New Year ” s party was a great success.精品資料歡迎下載4. He offered us a lot of

21、money _ we couldn ” t buy these machines.5. Now we have very powerful telescopes _ we can study the skies.1. I don t think the number of people _ this happens is very large.A. whomB. to whomC. on whomD. which2.The school has 3,000 students, _ 1,800 are men.A. whoseB. of whomC. thatD. of which3.Recen

22、tly I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose4.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A. whoB. about whomC. whomD. with whom5.She wrote a lot of stories for children, _ this is one example.A. in wh

23、ichB. of whichC. among themD. of them6.He offered us a lot of money _ we couldn t buy these machines.A. without whichB. with thatC. with whichD. without that7.Mary, _ for help, has gone to England.A. who I can go toB. whom I can goC. to whom I can goD. I can go to8.Now we have very powerful telescop

24、es _ we can study the skies.A. in whichB. with whichC. through whichD. by which9.The man _ she was married was a soldier.A. whomB. to whomC. with whomD. who10. Tom, _ I went to the concert, is a friend of mine.A. whomB. whoC. with whomD. whose1. Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _ is a

25、hospital.A. in whereB. to the east of whichC. to the east of itD. in the east of that2. My brother's purse, _ he put￥ 1,000, was missing on the bus.A. thereB. whichC. in whichD. that3. The football match _ the students competed yesterday was very wonderful. A. in which B. which C. in that D. tha

26、t4. The reason _ he was late again was that he was caught in a traffic jam in the rush hour. A. which B. in which C. for which D. of which5. His glasses, _ he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy.6. The computer, _ he paid ￥ 3,000, was once owned by his uncle. A. which B. for which C.

27、that D. to that7. In the past we lost many chances, _ we paid little attention.A. whichB. thatC. in whichD. to which8. The pen, _ I had been writing for ten years, was broken.A. with whichB. with thatC. asD. with it9. Mary has two brothers, _ are doctors.A. both of theyB. both of whomC. both of themD. whom of both精品資料歡迎下載10.The problem _ you argued about yesterday has been solved.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. for which11.My aunt bought me a book, the name _ I have forgotten.A. of itB. whichC. whoseD. of which12.On the way home I met my friend John, from _ ho