初中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)-PPT

1、grammarsentences句子成份句子成份 句子一般由兩個部分組成：句子一般由兩個部分組成：主語部分（主語部分（ subject group）謂語部分（謂語部分（ predicate group） 句子成份：句子成份：主主 謂謂 賓賓 表表補(bǔ)補(bǔ)定定 狀狀1) 主語（主語（subject）i like football.the boy needs a pen. 句子的主體，全句述說的對象。一般由句子的主體，全句述說的對象。一般由 擔(dān)任擔(dān)任, ,常置于句首常置于句首。2) 謂語（謂語（predicate）說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)。由說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)。由 擔(dān)任。常置于主語后。擔(dān)任。常置于主語后

2、。the train leaves at 6 oclock.i want a ticket.,動詞不定式動詞不定式, 動名詞動名詞 或從句或從句名詞名詞,主格代詞主格代詞動詞動詞1.during the 1990s, american country music has become more and more popular. 2.we often speak english in class. 3.one-third of the students in this class are girls.4.to swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.sm

3、oking does harm to the health. 6.the rich should help the poor. 7.when we are going to have an english test has not been decided. 8.it is necessary to master a foreign language.（主語從句）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）（三）謂語（三）謂語 3) 賓語賓語（object）4) 表語表語（predicative）he won the game. 表示表示動詞動詞的動作對象或的動作對象或介詞介詞所聯(lián)系的對象。所

4、聯(lián)系的對象。由由名詞名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞擔(dān)任。置于或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞擔(dān)任。置于動詞動詞或或介詞介詞后。后。tome lost his life in the big fire.he is a student.用以表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。表語一般用以表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、 副詞、不定式、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。置于動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。置于系動詞之后。系動詞之后。（五）賓語（五）賓語 v賓語（賓語（object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動

5、詞和介詞后面。例如：般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如： 1.he is doing his homework.2.the heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.how many dictionaries do you have? i have five.（名詞）（代詞、動名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）4.they helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.he pretended not to see me.6.i enjoy listening to popular music

6、.7.i think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（賓語從句）v賓語種類賓語種類：v（1）雙賓語（間接賓語）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：直接賓語），例如：lend me your dictionary, please.to: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如：等，例如： he sent the novel to william yesterday.for: leave, buy,

7、 build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如：等，例如： she bought a gift for her mother.v（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：賓補(bǔ)），例如：vthey elected him their monitor.v下列動詞只能接動名詞做賓語下列動詞只能接動名詞做賓語 admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，如：等，如： jo

8、hn has admitted breaking the window .v下列動詞既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做下列動詞既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如賓語，但意義不同，如mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。等。vforget to do表示表示“未發(fā)生的動作未發(fā)生的動作”，forget doing表示表示“已完成的動作已完成的動作”。如：。如：vdont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(還沒來還沒來)vi forgot returning the book to him.v(書已還給他了書已還給

9、他了)v除了除了be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，1)表表感官的動詞感官的動詞:2) 表表轉(zhuǎn)變變化轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞的動詞:3)表表延續(xù)延續(xù)的動詞的動詞feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。等。become, get, grow, turn, go,等等remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等等。注意：系動詞（注意：系動詞（linking verb)用于連接主語和用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動

10、詞狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，一詞，例如：例如： he is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動詞持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：例如：he always kept silent at meeting. 3）表像系動詞表像系動詞用來表示用來表示“看起來像看起來像”這一概念，這一概念，主要有主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：例如：he seems (to be) very sad. 注意：系動詞（注意：系動詞

11、（linking verb)用于連接主語和表用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。 4）感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：例如：this kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）變化系動詞變化系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：例如：the river was beginning to run dry. 6）終止系動詞終止系動詞表示主語已終止

12、動作，主要有表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)表達(dá)結(jié)果是結(jié)果是;證明是證明是 ，之意，之意，例如：例如：the rumor proved false. his plan turned out a success. 1.our teacher of english is an american.（名詞）（名詞）2.is it yours?（代詞）（代詞）3.the weather has turned cold.（形容詞）（形容詞）4.the speech is exciting.（分詞）（分詞）5.three times seven is twenty one?（

13、數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞）6.his job is to teach english.（不定式）（不定式）7.his hobby is playing football.（動名詞）（動名詞）8.the meeting is of great importance.（介詞短語）（介詞短語）9.time is up. the class is over.（副詞）（副詞）10.the truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）（表語從句）5) 賓補(bǔ)（賓補(bǔ)（objective complement） 補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況 。由由n. /adj. /n

14、. /adj. /介賓介賓 / /分詞分詞 / /不定式等擔(dān)任。不定式等擔(dān)任。they made him king. i consider the book too expensive. 6) 定語（定語（attributive）對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用漢語中常用的的表示表示, ,通常位于被修飾的成分前。通常位于被修飾的成分前。the black bike is mine.( )（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語 v賓語補(bǔ)足語（賓語補(bǔ)足語（object complement），），用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓用于

15、補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動詞有：合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。等。“賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)”一般可由名一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：1.his father named him xiaoming.2.they painted their boat white.3.let the fresh air in.4.you mustnt

16、 force him to lend his money to you.5.we saw her entering the room.6.we found everything in the lab in good order.7.we will soon make our city what your city is now.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語）（從句）說明說明1：當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如：當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等時，定語要放在其后作后置定語等時，定語要放在其后作后

17、置定語 我告訴他一些有趣的事情。我告訴他一些有趣的事情。 i tell him something interesting . 說明說明2：不定式、短語或從句不定式、短語或從句作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。 這間屋子里的男孩子們是這間屋子里的男孩子們是10班的。班的。 the boys in the room are in class ten. （七）定語（七）定語 v修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(attribute)。v定語可由以下等成分表示：定語可由以下等成分表示：1.guilin is a beauti

18、ful city.（形容詞（形容詞）2.china is a developing country; america is a developed country.（分詞（分詞） 3.there are thirty women teachers in our school.（名詞）（名詞）4.his rapid progress in english made us surprised.（代詞）（代詞）5.our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）（不定式短語）6.the teaching plan for n

19、ext term has been worked out.（動名詞）（動名詞）7.he is reading an article about how to learn english.（介詞短語）（介詞短語）8.she is the girl who sings best in my class. (定語從句定語從句)7) 狀語（狀語（adverbial）用以修飾用以修飾adj. /v. /adv.及全句及全句,位置靈活位置靈活。通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首；之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首；修飾修飾形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；時，通常位于被修飾的詞之

20、前；表示表示時間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語時間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首，首，一些表示不確定時間（如：一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：）或程度（如：almost）的副）的副詞狀語通常位于詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。i am very sorry.we often help him. when i grow up , i am going to be a teacher . （從句作時間狀語（從句作時間狀語) （八）狀語（八）狀語 v修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說

21、明修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（adverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆??？捎梢韵滦问奖硎?：1.light travels most quickly.2.he has lived in the city for ten years. 3.he is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）9種狀語種類如下： 1. how about meeting again at six?2.las

22、t night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.i shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.mr smith lives on the third floor. 5.she put the eggs into the basket with great care.（時間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點(diǎn)狀語）（方式狀語）v she came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.in order to catch up with the others,

23、i must work harder. 7.he was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8.she works very hard though she is old.9.i am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（結(jié)果狀語）（讓步狀語）（比較狀語） （九）同位語（九）同位語（appositive）對前面的名）對前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞、詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：this is mr. zhou, our headmaster.（十）

24、插入語（十）插入語（parenthesis）對一句話）對一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有做一些附加的解釋，通常有to be honest , i think (suppose, believe-)等，如：等，如：to be frank, i dont quite agree with you.四、選擇填空：v( )1. _ will leave for beijing.va. now there the man vb. the man here nowvc. the man who is here now vd. the man is here nowv( ) 2. the weather _.

25、va. wet and cold b. is wet and coldvc. not wet and coldd. were wet and coldv( ) 3. the apple tasted _.va. sweets b. sweetly vc. nicely d. sweetv( ) 4. he got up _ yesterday morning.va. lately b. late vc. latest d. latterv( )5. the actor _at the age of 70.va. dead b. died vc. dyed d. dyingv( )6. _ we

26、re all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.va. we, us b. us, we vc. we, our d. we, wev( )7. he found the street much _.va. crowd b. crowding vc. crowded d. crowdedlyv( ) 8.i think _necessary to learn english well.va. its b. it vc. that d. that isv( ) 9. the dog _ mad.va. looks b. is

27、looked vc. is being looked d. was lookedv( )10.i will never forget the day _ i joined the army.va. that b. when vc. in which d. where句子成分句子成分意義意義充當(dāng)詞類充當(dāng)詞類例句例句主語主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么表示句子說的是什么人或什么事事名，代，數(shù)，不定名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動名詞，短語或式，動名詞，短語或句子句子we study in huangqiao middle school.謂語謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣么樣動詞或

28、動詞詞組動詞或動詞詞組she is dancing under the tree.賓語賓語表示動作行為的對象表示動作行為的對象同主語同主語both of us like english.表語表語與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語同主語her father is a chemist.his words sound reasonable.定語定語用來修飾名詞或代詞用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短語或句子副，介詞短語或句子we have eight lessons every day.狀語狀語修飾動詞

29、，形容詞，副詞，表修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點(diǎn)，原示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句副詞，介詞短語或句子子he works very hard.they held a party in hollywood.賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語補(bǔ)足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等短語等she always keeps the house clean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無！主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無！句子類型句子類

30、型簡單句并列句復(fù)合句.簡單句簡單句1. things changed.2. trees are green.3. we dont beat children.4. he gave his sister the piano.5. i found the book easy. 主 + 謂主 + 謂 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)nobody went.she became a doctor.the car caught fire.i will write you a long letter.i will let him go. prac

31、ticepractice 主 + 謂主 + 謂 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ).并列句并列句this is me and these are my friends. they must stay in water, or they will die. its not cheap, but it is very good. it was late, so i went to bed. andorbut sohe knocked at the door; there was no answer.youre alive! and shes

32、dead. 并列句1.并列關(guān)系并列句連詞有：and, not onlybut also, neithernor2.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系并列句連詞有：but, yet, however3.選擇關(guān)系并列句連詞有：or., eitheror.4.因果關(guān)系并列句連詞有：for, so, therefore例句并列關(guān)系：i hope him and he help me轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：he tried open the door, but he couldnt 選擇關(guān)系：either you are foolish or he is因果關(guān)系：the students are on holidays, therefore

33、you can see them today。名詞性從句名詞性從句狀語從句狀語從句定語從句定語從句主語從句主語從句表語從句表語從句賓語從句賓語從句同位語從句同位語從句.復(fù)合句復(fù)合句a plane is a machine that can fly.he said that he didnt like her. 主語從句主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞通常有who whom when where why what how which whose whether等，等，what i said is important to youhow to get there is still not decidewhethe

34、r to do it or not is what we will discuss tomorrow是否做那件事是我們每天將要討論的事是否做那件事是我們每天將要討論的事說明：主語從句可以直接放在主語位置，也可用it作做形式主語1.that light travels in straight lines is known to all it is known to all that light travels in straight lines 眾所周知，光是以直線運(yùn)行眾所周知，光是以直線運(yùn)行2.when the plane is to take off has not been announc

35、ed it has not been announced when the plane is to take off 飛機(jī)什么時候起飛還沒有公布飛機(jī)什么時候起飛還沒有公布1.it is +形容詞形容詞+從句從句2.it is necessary that有必要有必要3.it is clear that. 很清楚很清楚4.it is (un) likely that 很可能很可能5.it is important that主要的是主要的是.1.it is +過去分詞過去分詞+從句從句2.it is said that據(jù)說據(jù)說.3.it is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道據(jù)報(bào)道.4.it h

36、as been proved that.已證明已證明 5.it must be pointed out that必須指出必須指出定語從句定語從句又稱關(guān)系從句：定語從句可以修飾一個名詞，代詞，或一個句子，被修飾的詞叫現(xiàn)行詞，從句在其后，由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞引出關(guān)系代詞有：that. which, who, whom, whose等關(guān)系副詞有：when , where , whythe man who wrote this book in famous scientist 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 (定語)the village where i was born has grown into a town(

37、先行詞) 關(guān)系代詞 (定語)that 關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的關(guān)系限制性定語從句 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞主語 關(guān)系代詞賓語 關(guān)系代詞所有格代替人 who/that which/that whom/that which/that that whose=of whom代替物 whose=of which 代替人 和物 代替人代替物 代替人和物 非限制性定語從句代替人和物代替前一句話which whichwhosewhich關(guān)系副詞與先行詞的關(guān)系先行詞 關(guān)系副詞 在從句中作用時間名詞 when=at,on,in, 時間狀語 during / which地點(diǎn)名詞 where=in, at/which地點(diǎn)狀語只有r

38、easonwhy=for which原因狀語例句說明（在定語從句中，關(guān)系詞在句中一在定語從句中，關(guān)系詞在句中一 定要擔(dān)任成分定要擔(dān)任成分） 1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句john is the girl who/that was injured in the accident （先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）he found the watch which/that he had lost （先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞） （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語）the man whom/that you saw just now is our manager 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句

39、中作賓語）the house which/that was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）is there anyone whose name is wangli? 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 ( 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）the building whose roof we can see form here is （先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語）she is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表

40、語，只能用that連接）there is not an easy question that you think it to be （ 先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞） （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語，只能用that連接）注意的問題one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系分詞的謂語有兩種形式先行詞為復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語用復(fù)數(shù)tom is one of those women, who like to play bridge當(dāng)one之前有the only/right/very等修飾詞時，從句謂語根據(jù)one而定，用單復(fù)數(shù)形式he is the only one of the boys who likes to

41、go to the theatre當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，只能用關(guān)系代詞whom,或which而不能用thatthe book from which(不能用that) i got a lot of useful information 先行詞 介詞 關(guān)系代詞was written by a famous scientist（關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞whichwhich在從句中作介詞在從句中作介詞fromfrom的賓語）的賓語）tom is the boy with whom (不用不用that) you were talk a moment ago 先行詞 介詞 關(guān)系代詞（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓

42、語）注：當(dāng)介詞位于從句句末時，關(guān)系代詞仍可用that也可省去 上兩句可改為：1 the book that/which i got a lot of useful information from was written by a famous scientist2 tom is the boy that/whom you were talking with a moment ago 關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的應(yīng)用1. i shall never forget the day when (on which) new china was founded 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞（

43、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作時間的狀語）2. he came at a time when (at which) we were in need of help 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作時間的狀語)3. the school where (in which )i work is not far from here 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)地點(diǎn)狀語）4. is this the place where (at which )that traffic accident happened? 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)地點(diǎn)狀語5.he didnt give the reas

44、on why (for which) he was absent yesterday. （先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞） （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)原因狀語）6.the reason why (for which )he missed the bus was that he got up late 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)原因狀語 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句由關(guān)系代詞非限制性定語從句由關(guān)系代詞which, who ,whose, where, when引出，引出，而從句的兩面都用逗號與主句隔開，關(guān)系代詞而從句的兩面都用逗號與主句隔開，關(guān)系代詞that不能引起非限制性定不能

45、引起非限制性定語從句語從句名詞、代詞名詞、代詞+of+ which+ whom引起的定語從句表示部分與整引起的定語從句表示部分與整體的關(guān)系體的關(guān)系there are many forms of energy, each of which is useful for us非限制性定語從句修飾整個主句總是位于句末，用逗號與主句隔開非限制性定語從句修飾整個主句總是位于句末，用逗號與主句隔開he missed the train ,which annoyed him very much（先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）the sun heats the earth ,which ma

46、kes it possible for plants to grow （先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）注：關(guān)系代詞注：關(guān)系代詞which有時可以用來指代主句的一部分有時可以用來指代主句的一部分tom can write a letter in chinese , which mary can not （先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)方式狀語）試比較：試比較：july is the month when we have a lot of rain （先行詞（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)狀語）關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)狀語）the meeting

47、will be put off till next month ,when we will have made all the preparations （先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞） （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)狀語）i want to buy the house which(=that) has a garden (先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)主語）i want to buy the house, which(不等于不等于that) has a garden（先行詞）（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞） （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)主語）關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)主語）注：在定語從句

48、中，同樣的先行詞，由于在從句中 擔(dān)任的作用不同，須選用不同的關(guān)系詞1.this is the place where i spent my childhood （先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)地點(diǎn)狀語）關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)地點(diǎn)狀語）2.this is the place, which i visited last summer （先行詞）（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)賓語）關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)賓語）3.the reason which he gave was unacceptable （先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代

49、詞在從句中擔(dān)賓語）關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)賓語）4.the reason why he did that was unacceptable （先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)原因狀語）關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)原因狀語） 同位語從句同位語從句1.同位語從句用于表示名詞的內(nèi)容,對其加以解釋,能跟有同位語從句 的,通常是具有引導(dǎo)內(nèi)容的名詞,在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，常見的有： fact, idea, news, hope, evidence, suggestion, order, problemthe doctors came to the conclusion that the pa

50、tient was suffering from cancerthe discovery that every heavenly body has gravity was made by newton同位語從句通常由that引出，但隨著與其同位的名詞不同也可由 whether, when, where, how, what, why引出they are faced with the problem whether they should continue the worki have no idea when he will return有時同位語從句不是緊跟名詞后，有時同位語從句不是緊跟名詞

51、后，而是被其它詞隔開而是被其它詞隔開an idea occurred him that he might borrow the money from his father 發(fā)生 ，出現(xiàn)they heard the news on the radio yesterday that a typhoon was coming 定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別從結(jié)構(gòu)上看：同位語由連接詞引導(dǎo)。在從句中不擔(dān)任何成分， 定語從句的關(guān)系詞在從中擔(dān)任某個成分。the idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong(同位語從句that在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分

52、)the idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong(定語從句that在從句中擔(dān)任賓語)表語從句表語從句表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：主語表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+連系動詞連系動詞+表語從句表語從句常用的連系動詞有常用的連系動詞有:be, seen, remain, look等等my idea is that this plan should be carried out immediately我的建議是這個計(jì)劃應(yīng)該立即執(zhí)行我的建議是這個計(jì)劃應(yīng)該立即執(zhí)行the question remains whether we should accept their

53、invitation問題仍然是我們是否應(yīng)該接受他們的邀請問題仍然是我們是否應(yīng)該接受他們的邀請it looks that (as if) it is going to rain看起來天要下雨看起來天要下雨 where why how引導(dǎo)的從句作this is或that is的表語時， 它們通常不含有疑問意義,而是分別表示具體的地點(diǎn)， 原因.方式.翻譯that is why we called off the meeting這就是我們?nèi)∠麜h的原因this is how we did it我們就用這種方式做的注:主語是reason的表語從句用that引導(dǎo),不要用becausethe reason

54、(why) he was late was that he missed the bus 賓語從句充當(dāng)賓語的從句，叫賓語從句。賓語從句可作動詞賓語， 介詞賓語，和某些形容詞的賓語一.作動詞賓語everybody knows that goods takes up the room(由連詞引導(dǎo))he wondered how the building were built(由連接副詞引導(dǎo))常跟連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的動詞有：admit agree answer believe command complain confess decide demand deny doubt dream e

55、xpect explain feel hearhope imagine intend insist know mean notice prefer order propose reply report request require say see suggest suppose think urge (激勵) wish understand常跟疑問代詞who whom疑問副詞when where why how whether if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的動詞有：advise ask discover discuss doubt find out imagine inquire(詢問詢問) know

56、 question show tell understand wondera. tell/inform/remind/show/teach+間接賓語+賓語從句”結(jié)構(gòu) he told me where he lived b. advise/ask/ assure/promise/question/warn等+間接賓語+ 賓語從句+結(jié)構(gòu)中，間接賓語可省略 i promised (him) that i would give him more help 我對他的保證將給他更多的幫助作介詞賓語:this depends on how hard you work這取決于你的工作的如何努力is there

57、 anything wrong in what i said?a. that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句只限做介詞in except but beside 的賓語從句men different from brutes in that they can speak and think人和獸類的區(qū)別在于他們有語言和思想the meal was very good except that the fish was a bit too salty除了魚有點(diǎn)咸，這頓是、很好的i would have helped you but that i was so busy then若不是工作忙，我本來時幫助你的b “介詞+

58、it+ that“結(jié)構(gòu)you may depend on it that they will support you你放心,他們會支持你的ill see to it that everything is ready in time我將負(fù)責(zé)按時做好一切準(zhǔn)備c 動詞+it+ that 結(jié)構(gòu)i take it that they will succeed我想他們會成功的the newspapers have it that firm is almost bankrupt據(jù)報(bào)道那家公司幾乎破產(chǎn)d be+形容詞+that 結(jié)構(gòu)類似形容詞有:sure certain afraid confident等th

59、ey are confident that they can do the job i am not certain whether (if) the train will arrive on time我沒有把握火車是否轉(zhuǎn)時達(dá)到賓語從句否定意義的轉(zhuǎn)移在think believe suppose expect等動詞后跟的賓語中，如果從句謂語動詞是否定的一般要將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語動詞上而將從句變?yōu)榭隙ㄐ问絠 dont think he has time to play chess with you 我沒想到他有時間和你下棋i dont suppose it is the rush hour

60、 yet我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在還未到（交通）高峰時間賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng): 賓語從句的時態(tài)是在主句的時態(tài)其礎(chǔ)上向前推進(jìn)一個時態(tài). 如:主句為過去時,從句要用過去完成時,若從句表示的客觀真理或自然觀念,其謂語時態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時.he said that he had left his umbrella in the library. 他說把傘忘在圖書館里了.the teacher told the students that the pacific ocean is the largest ocean in the world.老師告訴學(xué)生,太平洋是世界上最大的海洋.插入疑問句.練習(xí)，就劃線部分提問，再理解1