八年級上英語第一單元知識點

1、八年級上英語第一單元知識點英語八年級上第一單元知識點復(fù)習where did you go on vacation?1. 主要知識點：復(fù)習一般過去時復(fù)合不定代詞的用法反身代詞的用法近義詞的區(qū)別系動詞的用法動詞后的to do和doing 的區(qū)別ed形容詞和ing形容詞的區(qū)別動詞過去式的構(gòu)成及不規(guī)則動詞表 感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)和連詞的選擇2. 復(fù)合不定代詞用法：1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代詞。2）somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody， everyone是指人的不定代詞。3）somewh

2、ere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地點的不定副詞。4）當形容詞修飾不定代詞、不定副詞時，放于其后； something special; somewhere wonderful；anything interesting.5) 不定代詞、不定副詞做主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。如：is everybody here 大家都到齊了嗎6) something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示請求或建議的疑問句中.why dont you visit someone with me 你為什么不跟我一起去拜訪下某個人呢（表建議）i b

3、ought something for my father.(肯定句)7) anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑問句及條件狀語從句中。如：did you do anything interesting 你做了有趣的事嗎（表疑問）3. ed形容詞與ing形容詞的區(qū)別eg. bored and boring; interested and interesting; excited and exciting.ed形容詞修飾的是人，而ing形容詞修飾的是物bored (adj)，意為“感到厭倦的、無聊的”,其主語是某人； boring(adj)，意為“令人厭倦

4、的、無聊的”其主語是某物。 如：i got bored with the boring work. 我對這無聊的工作感到厭倦。4. 系動詞的用法：1）seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： they seem to wait for you. 他們似乎在等你。 2）seem（to be）+adj. 似乎. 如：he seemed ( to be) ill yesterday.昨天他似乎病了。 3）it seems that + 從句 似乎. 如： it seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。其他的系動詞（后面直接加形容詞）有： be ; f

5、eel(覺得）; keep（保持）; stay（保持）;look（看來.）; smell（聞起來）sound（聽起來） taste（嘗起來）eg: keep/stay healthy; taste good.5. 反身代詞的用法：myself , ourselves, yourself , yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves. 1）作動詞或介詞的賓語：經(jīng)常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, dress, kill等動詞和by, for, to, of等介詞后作賓語。he is teaching

6、himself english.她在自學英語。she was talking to herself.她自言自語。he lives by himself in the country.他獨自住在鄉(xiāng)下。2）有關(guān)反身代詞的短語：1) help yourself! 請隨便吃吧！/請自己去取吧!2) make yourself at home! 別客氣！3) make yourself heard /understood. 使你的話被人聽得見/理解4) teach oneself 自學=learn by oneself5) by oneself 獨自6) for oneself 為自己；替自己7) en

7、joy oneself 玩的愉快8) dress oneself 給自己穿衣6. 近義詞的區(qū)別1）get to/reach/arrive 都是“到達“的意思get to+地點=reach+地點= arrive at+地點（小）=arrive in+地點（大）注意：若他們后面要加地點副詞here, there, home等，則不需要加介詞。2）few與little 的區(qū)別： 肯定否定許多可數(shù)a fewfewquite a few不可數(shù)a littlelittlequite a littlequite a few與quite a littlequite a few 意為“很多;不少”，修飾可數(shù)名詞

8、復(fù)數(shù)；quite a little 意為“很多;不少”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。a. he stays here for _ _ _days. is _ _ _water in the bottle(瓶子).3）because of + 名詞/代詞/名短 i had to move because of my job. 因為工作的原因 because +從句 i do it because i like it. 我做這件事是因為我喜歡4）so.that； suchthat (如此以至于) so+形/副+that 從句：she is so popular that everyone likes her.

9、 such+名短+ that 從句：she is such a popular girl that everyone likes her.5）too mamy; too much; much tootoo many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 意為“太多. ”he always has too many questions to ask me.too much + 不可數(shù)名詞 意為“太多. ”i have too much homework to do today. much too + 形容詞 意為“太. ”this book is much too useful.7. 一般過去時1）.和一般過去時連

10、用的時間狀語：yesterday morning/afternoon/ evening, just now, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last month/ week/ night/year/ summer/thursday, a moment/half an hour/three years ago, in 19992) 如何判定一般過去時句中有“介詞+表示過去時間的數(shù)詞或名詞”構(gòu)成的短語，如 in 1949, on march5,1920等there was only one school in our hometown in 1982.

11、句中有“一段時間+ago”構(gòu)成的短語，如five years ago, two years ago等。 he came to the school three years ago. 句中有“l(fā)ast +表示時間的名詞”, 如;last year, last month等 we visited the great wall last sunday. 句中有表示“過去“的詞語或短語，如once(曾經(jīng))，at that time, just now(剛才).i went to your classroom just now.倆個或倆個以上的詞用and 連接，如果前一個動詞用一般過去時，后面動詞也用一

12、般過去時they talked, laughed, and walked to the village. 如果句子中找不到明顯的時間狀語，根據(jù)上下文來判斷 how long did you live here? i lived here for about one year.8. 一般過去時的規(guī)則詞和不規(guī)則詞的變化1). 直接加ed, 如：work-worked.2) 以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾的，加d.如 live-lived3) 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的， 把y 變i , 加ed.如study-studied4) 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的，直接加ed, enjoy-enjoyed不規(guī)則動詞表現(xiàn)在時過去時

13、中文意思is , amwas是are were是beginbegan開始buildbuilt建筑buybought買cancould能catchcaught抓comecame來cutcut切digdug挖do,doesdid做drivedrove開車winwon贏telltold告訴maymight可能meanmeant意味著meetmet見面putput放readread讀riderode騎runran跑saysaid說seesaw看sellsold賣sendsent發(fā)送shakeshook搖singsang唱sleepslept睡覺smellsmelt聞eatate吃feelfelt感覺到fightfought打斗findfound找flyflew飛speakspoke說sitsat坐9. 感嘆句常用的感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)：1）what +adj.+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 / 不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！ 2）what +a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語！3）how +adj. +a/an+可數(shù)名詞單