氣動(dòng)移載機(jī)與PLC控制的外文翻譯

1、氣動(dòng)移載機(jī)與plc控制氣動(dòng)即采用氣泵和氣閥控制氣流，直接控制氣壓和流量,使得空氣發(fā)生振動(dòng)?？删幊炭刂破?plc)是以微處理為核心，集計(jì)算技術(shù)、自動(dòng)化控制技術(shù)于 一體的一種新型工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)。plc采用了典型的計(jì)算機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)，主要包括cpu、 ram、rom和輸入/輸出接口電路等。如果把plc看作一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)由輸入變 量-plc-輸出變量組成，外部的各種開關(guān)信號(hào)、模擬信號(hào)、傳感器檢測(cè)的信號(hào)均 作為plc的輸入變量，它們經(jīng)plc外部端子輸入到內(nèi)部寄存器中，經(jīng)plc內(nèi)部邏 輯運(yùn)算或其他各種運(yùn)算、處理后送到輸出端子，它們是plc的輸岀變量，由這些 輸出變量對(duì)外圍設(shè)備進(jìn)行各種控制。plc控制系統(tǒng)一般采取易

2、于理解和掌握的梯形圖語(yǔ)音及面向工業(yè)控制的簡(jiǎn) 單指令、形象直觀，是基于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)、完全開放，采用先進(jìn)的軟破技術(shù)。plc 控制具有機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單靈活、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、安全可靠、安裝便利、故障率低、維護(hù) 簡(jiǎn)單、大幅度節(jié)約使用成本的特點(diǎn)，能滿足各種中小規(guī)模過(guò)程控制、順序邏輯控 制和數(shù)據(jù)采集任務(wù)需求，已逐漸廣泛用于工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)中，包括冶金、礦業(yè)、機(jī) 械、輕工等領(lǐng)域，為工業(yè)自動(dòng)化提供了有力的工具。控制工程近期對(duì)于編程過(guò)程和機(jī)械控制的邏輯設(shè)備進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，雖然計(jì) 算機(jī)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)已經(jīng)為各種控制提供了無(wú)限的控制可能，但是plc仍然是其中 重要的一部分。在這次調(diào)查中，超過(guò)半數(shù)的人在未來(lái)的12個(gè)月中將擴(kuò)大其plc 的

3、投入。超過(guò)40%的人在未來(lái)的投入不少于過(guò)去的12個(gè)刀o plc的應(yīng)用范圍十分 廣泛。在這次300個(gè)人參與的調(diào)查中，大部分的plc都用于機(jī)械控制，過(guò)程控制 緊隨其后，然后是運(yùn)動(dòng)控制、批量控制和診斷，大多數(shù)直接用于工廠級(jí)(54%), 用于oem的為25%,兩者都是為17%。在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)流水線中，經(jīng)常要將傳動(dòng)帶a上的物品搬至傳動(dòng)帶b上。如果直 接人懂從事這種重復(fù)性的勞動(dòng)，枯燥、無(wú)味且勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，容易引起操作工人的 疲勞，岀現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。而采用氣動(dòng)機(jī)械手按規(guī)定的動(dòng)作和規(guī)定進(jìn)行搬運(yùn)，可以做到快 速、準(zhǔn)確、方便，大大的減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化程度。氣動(dòng)機(jī)械手這 種有規(guī)律的運(yùn)動(dòng)，采用plc來(lái)進(jìn)行控制，可以方便

4、的實(shí)現(xiàn)。機(jī)器人作為典型的機(jī)電一體化智能設(shè)備，在制造和物流自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中扮演著 重要角色。但標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工業(yè)機(jī)器人只不過(guò)是一臺(tái)具有若干個(gè)自由度的智能機(jī)電設(shè) 備，孤立的一臺(tái)機(jī)器人在實(shí)際工況中沒有任何應(yīng)用價(jià)值，只有根據(jù)作業(yè)內(nèi)容、工 件形式、質(zhì)量、外形特征和尺寸大小因素給機(jī)器人配以相適應(yīng)的輔助機(jī)械裝置如 手爪，它才會(huì)成為實(shí)用的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。氣動(dòng)不僅是機(jī)器人的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)方式z-o在 要求機(jī)器手末端執(zhí)行器動(dòng)作迅速、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、控制維護(hù)方便、成本較低，而且柔 性轉(zhuǎn)換快捷。并具有通用性的裝配和搬運(yùn)等“拾一放”、傳送動(dòng)作作業(yè)時(shí)，多采 用氣動(dòng)，或氣動(dòng)與其他傳動(dòng)控制技術(shù)組合來(lái)進(jìn)一步提高其運(yùn)動(dòng)精度和柔性。在作 業(yè)空間范圍有限。工作程

5、序相對(duì)固定。而且動(dòng)作頻繁、重復(fù)性強(qiáng)的屮小功率工況。 采用氣動(dòng)模塊化機(jī)構(gòu)單元的組合來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)器手作業(yè)，更能體現(xiàn)氣動(dòng)技術(shù)有效取代 人手操作實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程合理化和自動(dòng)化的特征和優(yōu)越性。對(duì)氣動(dòng)機(jī)器手的基本要 求是能快速、準(zhǔn)確地拾一放和搬運(yùn)物件，這就要求它們具有高精度、快速反應(yīng)、 一定的承載能力、足夠的工作空間和靈活的自由度及在任意位置都能自動(dòng)定位等 特性。設(shè)計(jì)氣動(dòng)機(jī)器手的原則是：充分分析作業(yè)對(duì)象（工作）的作業(yè)技術(shù)要求。 擬定最合理的作業(yè)工序和工藝。并滿足系統(tǒng)功能要求和環(huán)境條件：明確：工件的 結(jié)構(gòu)形狀和材料特性，定位精度要求。抓取、搬運(yùn)時(shí)的受力特性，尺寸和質(zhì)量參 數(shù)等，從而進(jìn)一步確定對(duì)機(jī)器手結(jié)構(gòu)及運(yùn)行控制的

6、要求：盡量選定型的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組件, 簡(jiǎn)化設(shè)計(jì)制造過(guò)程。兼顧通用性和專用性。并能實(shí)現(xiàn)柔性轉(zhuǎn)化和編程控制。氣動(dòng)手爪是n前機(jī)器手尤其是搬運(yùn)、裝配類機(jī)器手在抓取技術(shù)中應(yīng)用最普遍 的方式。它可實(shí)現(xiàn)雙向抓取，自行對(duì)屮，而且重復(fù)精度高，抓取力恒定，并可方 便地配接各種夾具。氣動(dòng)手爪是汲取手與作業(yè)對(duì)象間的直接接口，仔細(xì)分析、選 擇好氣動(dòng)手爪直接關(guān)系到機(jī)器手的工作性能，在實(shí)際運(yùn)行匯總、手爪的加持力應(yīng) 保證大于所有靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)的總和。plc的程序運(yùn)行方式是循環(huán)掃描方式，而非順 序執(zhí)行方式，因此任何一個(gè)機(jī)械手在其條件滿足后即開始動(dòng)作，各手z間是并行 的。機(jī)器手是多自由度的開式串聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。在空間和時(shí)間屮的動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)隨其位形 而

7、不斷變化，系統(tǒng)要求的速度高，控制范圉廣，精度高傳統(tǒng)的但自由度機(jī)構(gòu)的控 制技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足這種控制對(duì)象，好在氣動(dòng)機(jī)器手多勾點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)的多段定位控制， 追求冃標(biāo)點(diǎn)的定位精度和多軸同時(shí)協(xié)調(diào)有序運(yùn)動(dòng)控制，但較少要求高的軌跡精 度，從而簡(jiǎn)化了對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)的要求。物料的搬運(yùn)方式具有可抓可吸的多用途功能；氣動(dòng)系統(tǒng)電磁換向閥采用匯流 板集裝方式，減少了占用空間；plc控制具有單步、自動(dòng)等多種工件方式。由于 氣壓傳動(dòng)具有氣源使用方便、不污染環(huán)境、動(dòng)作靈活迅速、工作安全可靠、操作 維修簡(jiǎn)便以及適于在惡劣環(huán)境下工作等特點(diǎn)，因而在沖壓加工、注塑及壓鑄等有 毒或高溫環(huán)境下作業(yè)，機(jī)床上、下料，儀表及輕工業(yè)屮小零件的輸送和自動(dòng)裝配

8、 等作業(yè)，食品包裝及輸送，電子產(chǎn)品輸送、自動(dòng)插接，彈藥生產(chǎn)自動(dòng)化等過(guò)程屮 被廣泛引用。所以，氣壓傳動(dòng)時(shí)一種易于推廣普及的實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)自動(dòng)化的應(yīng)用技術(shù)。 氣動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用，引起了世界各國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)界的普遍重視。作為氣動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的控制裝置目前多數(shù)采用可編程控制器（排列成）。可編程程 序控制器是以微處理器為基礎(chǔ)，綜合計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)，自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)和通訊技術(shù)而發(fā) 展起來(lái)的一種新型、通用的自動(dòng)控制裝置，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，控制系統(tǒng)和容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。 一般是由受控設(shè)備的動(dòng)作順序和工藝要求，構(gòu)成工步狀態(tài)表，形成梯形圖，再編 程plc指令。air operated moves the carrier vehicleand the plccon

9、trolair operated namely uses the air pump and the air pump and the air valce control air current.,the positive governing barometric pressure and the current capacity,enable the air to have the vibration.the programmable controller (plc) is taken the micoprocessor as the core,collection computer tech

10、nology,the automated control technology in a boby one new industry control system.plc has used the model computer structure,mainly includes cpu,ram,rom and the input/output connection electric circuit and so on.if regards as plc a system,this system is composed by the input variable-plc-output varri

11、able.the exterior each kind of switching signal,the simulated signal,the sensor examine the signal took plc the input varriable.they input after the plc exterior post to the innternal register in,after the plc interior logic operation or other each kind of operation,processing delivers the output te

12、rminalthey are the plc output variable,carries on each kind of control by these output variable to the auxiliary equipment.the plc control system adopts generally easy to understand and to grasp trapezoidal chart language and face industry control simple instruction.the image is direct-viewingjs bas

13、ed on the field bus technology.the plc control has the structure simply nimblethe anti-jamming ability strong,safe reliablejnstalls the convenience,the failure rate lowly,the maintenance is simple is simplejarge scale saves the use cost the characteristic.can satisfy each king of center small scale

14、process control,the smoothlogic control and the data acquisition duty demand,widely has used in gradually in the industry control systemjncluding domain and so on metallurgy,mining industry,machineryjight industry,has provided the powerful tool for industrial automation.the control engineering in th

15、e near future to will use in the logical equipment which programmed the process and the machinery controls carrying on an investigation.although the computer and computer technology already provided the infinite control for each kind of control to be possible,but plc still was a important part.in th

16、is investigationjt will surpass half number of people to expand its plc in the future 12 months the investment.lt will surpass 40% person in the furture investment many in the past 12 months.the plc application scope is extremely widespread.in this 300 individual participation investigation,majority

17、 of plc all uses in the machinery control,the process control follows closely after that,then is the movement control.the batch control and the diagnosis.the majority uses in directly the factory level(54%),uses in oem is 25%,two all is 17%.in the industrial production assembly line,must move freque

18、ntly the transmission belt a on goods to conveyer belt b on.if direct artificially is engaged in this kind of duplicated work,arid,tasteless also labor intensiy big js easy to cause operates worker weariness,appears the mistake.but uses the air operated manipulator carries on the transporting accord

19、ing to the stipulation movement and the rule,may achieve fast ,accurate5is convenient,big reduces the labor intensity,enhances the production the automat city.air operated manipulator this kind of orderly movement,uses plc to carry on the control, and many facilitate realizztion.the robot sets an ex

20、ample the integration of machinery intelligence equipment,flows in the automated system in the manufacture and the thing to act the strong character.but the standard industry robot only in the actual operating mode is not any application value,only then then according to factor and so on work conten

21、t,work piece form,quality,contour characteristic and size matches to the robot by the auxiliary machinery intallment like hand fingernail which adaptsjt only then can become the practical production equipment,air operated not only is l.th robot main drive type is quick-moving requesting machinist te

22、rminal execution quick-moving,the structure simple,the control maintenance convenient,the cost to be iowmoreover the flexible transformation quicksand hasthe versatile assembly and the transporting and so on "ascends when puts",the transmission movemnet work,uses air operated,or air operat

23、ed combines with other transmission control technologies further increases its movement precision and the flexibility relatively fixed.moreover the movement is frequent,the duplicated strong center low power operating mode in the work space scope limited,working routine,and uses the air operated mod

24、ular organization unit the combination to realize the machinist workman manifest the air operated technical effective substitution manpower operation realization production process taiwan physics and chemistry and the automated characteristic and the superiority.lt can be fast to the air operated ma

25、chinists basic request,accurately ascend to put requests them with transporting thing.to have the high accuracy,the rapid reaction,the certain bearing capacity5the enough working space and the nimble degree of freedom and in the free position all can characteristic and so on automatic positioning.de

26、signs the air operated machinist's principle is: full analysis work object(work piece)the work specification,and draws up the most reasonable work working procedure and the craft.and satisfies the system function request and the environmental condition;explicit;the work piece structure shape and

27、 the materials behavior,the pointing accuracy request,capture,time the transporting stress characteristic,the size and the quality parameter and so on,thus further detemines to the machinist structure and the operating control request;the as far as possible designation standard module,the simplifica

28、tion design manufacture process.pay attention to both versatility and special-purpose,and can realize the flexible transformation and the programming control.the air operated hand fingernail is the persent machinist transports,the assembly class machinist in particular in captures in the technology

29、to apply most univeral way,it to be possible high.capyure the strength to be constant,and may conveniently match meets each kind of jig.the air operated hand fingermail is direct connection between the machinist and of the work object,the careful analysis,chooses the good air operated hand fingernai

30、l to relate directly to machinists operating perfonnance .in the actual movement,the hand fingernail supports on both sides the strength to be supposed to guarantee is bigger than all static and the dynamic strength sun total.the plc procedure mocement way is circulates the scanning way,but the non-

31、order carries out the way therefore any manipulator satisfies after its condition namely starts the movement.between various is parallel.the machinist is the multi-degrees of freedom open the type series structure.but changes the time dynamics parameter along with its configuration high,the traditio

32、nal sigle degree of freedom organization control technology is far cannot satisfy this kind of controlled menber to be good because of the air operated machinist cancels much to the multistage localization control.the pursue target pointing accuracy and multiple spindle at the same time cooperates w

33、eakly to have the foreword movement control,but little requests the high path precisionjhus simplified to control system request.the material mode of transport has multipurpose function which may grasp may sttract;the pneumatic system electromagnetism cross valve selects the afflux borard collection

34、 attire method,reduced has taken the space;the plc control has,is on foot auomatic and so on the many kinds of work way.because the pneumatic actuator has is angry the source easy to operate,does not pollute he envirinmentthe movenment nimbly rapid,the job sadety reliable,the operation service is simple.and is suitable for under the adverse circumstance characteristic and so on work,thus in the ramming processingcastsand the compression casting and so on virulent or the high temperature environment is mean industry,on the engine bed.t