1-2_科技英語的特點

1、一、關(guān)于一、關(guān)于be going to 表示未來的問題表示未來的問題二、二、will, can, may的用法的用法三、無人稱被動句的用法三、無人稱被動句的用法四、四、should的用法的用法十五、十五、such that, such as to 的用法的用法十六、關(guān)于抽象名詞的用法十六、關(guān)于抽象名詞的用法十七、動詞十七、動詞+后綴當形容詞后綴當形容詞十八、常用的前綴十八、常用的前綴十九、多用正規(guī)動詞，少用十九、多用正規(guī)動詞，少用“動詞動詞+副詞副詞”The new aircraft is going to fly for the first time on Monday.The new ai

2、rcraft will fly for the first time on Monday.這架新飛機將在禮拜一首次航行。這架新飛機將在禮拜一首次航行。表示純粹未來用表示純粹未來用will（1）表示能力用表示能力用will, can,capable,和和be able to（2）800 miles per hour.表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事用表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事用will（3）表示有時發(fā)生的事用表示有時發(fā)生的事用may, can（4）表示能夠用表示能夠用can（5）表示可能性用表示可能性用may, can（6）The driver starts the engine.The engine is starte

3、d.（司機）開動發(fā)動機。（司機）開動發(fā)動機。He welded the plates together.The plates are welded together.把鋼板焊接在一起。把鋼板焊接在一起。The furnace smelts the ore.The ore is smelted in the furnace.高爐熔化礦石。高爐熔化礦石。The man sharpened his tool.Tool was sharpened.那人磨尖了它的工具。那人磨尖了它的工具。We must lubricate bearings.Bearings must be lubricated.（我們

4、）必須潤滑軸承。（我們）必須潤滑軸承。A lathe can cut screws.Screws can be cut on a lathe.車床能加工螺絲。車床能加工螺絲?；蚧駻ttention should be paid not to damage the machine.（操作者）應(yīng)當注意不要損壞了機器。（操作者）應(yīng)當注意不要損壞了機器。The heat in the center of the earth is being made use of in some countries.在某些國家，人們利用地球中心的熱。在某些國家，人們利用地球中心的熱。Use is being made

5、 of the heat in the center of the earth in some countries.表示表示“告誡告誡”（1）說明某一情況說明某一情況（2）或或表示表示“期待期待”（3）2動作主體是動作主體是人，不用人，不用by動作主體不動作主體不是人，用是人，用by by the rapid by the designer. by a single operator. 強調(diào)動作強調(diào)動作主體，用主體，用byAllowLetTake祈使句祈使句動詞開頭動詞開頭Should命令句命令句e.g.Water should be heated beforeThe bearing shou

6、ld be lubricated before日日常常英英語語科科技技英英語語 Fill a test-tube half full of water and heat it nearly to boiling point. Support the tube on a stand and allow it to cool. Take the temperature every minute. Stir carefully with a glass rod. Record the reading you obtain, and plot them on a graph of temperatur

7、e against time. Repeat this with a tube half-full of crystals. Allow the solid to melt. Heat the liquid to 100oC, fix the tube on the stand and allow it to cool. Record the results as before and plot them.采用被動語態(tài)是另一種描述實驗過程的表達方法采用被動語態(tài)是另一種描述實驗過程的表達方法by means ofwith the help ofHeat losses can be reduced

8、 by means of lining the furnace with firebricks.Heat losses can be reduced by means of firebricks.an iron pipe = a pipe made of ironoil product = products made of oilmanganese steel = steel which contains manganesea steam engine = an engine worked by steam表示工作對象表示工作對象an air compressor = a device for

9、 compressing aira drive motor= a motor for driving machinesa foot brake= a brake operated by foot= molecules of waterthe production costwater molecules= the cost concerning productiona star wheel= a wheel shaped like a starash contentsurface propertymineral matterrate constantnitrogen dioxideexperim

10、ent resultsadsorption mechanismmoisture contentair pressurediamond insert名詞組合名詞組合satellite communication techniques衛(wèi)星通訊技術(shù)衛(wèi)星通訊技術(shù)Fluid power drive components液力驅(qū)動元件液力驅(qū)動元件Fire tube boiler inspection door火管鍋爐監(jiān)察門火管鍋爐監(jiān)察門nMarys watchmy uncles housethe cats foodthe property of minerals mineral propertythe su

11、rface of the earth一個人一個人發(fā)現(xiàn)者發(fā)現(xiàn)者一個人一個人發(fā)明者發(fā)明者兩個或兩個兩個或兩個以上人以上人用復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Jet engines with which most modern high-speed aircraft are equipped develop thrust on the same principle as the propellers of conventional aero-engines.當代飛機上都使用噴氣式發(fā)動機，這種發(fā)動機可以產(chǎn)生一種推動力，其原理與普通的螺旋槳飛機發(fā)動機相同。介詞放在引導(dǎo)詞前面介詞放在引導(dǎo)詞前面1. 物體放在陽光下時，它會

12、變熱。物體放在陽光下時，它會變熱。When an object is placed in the sun, it becomes hot .An object becomes hot when it is placed in the sun.An object becomes hot when placed in the sun.2. 安全火柴只有在被擦時才著火。安全火柴只有在被擦時才著火。Safety matches light only when they are stricken.Safety matches light only when stricken.3. 當光線聚集在一點時，會

13、產(chǎn)生大量的熱。當光線聚集在一點時，會產(chǎn)生大量的熱。When light is converged at a point, it would produce large quantity of heat.When converged at a point, the light would produce large quantity of heat.4. Considerable lateral pressure is exerted by the concrete while it is being compacted.在壓模時，混凝土產(chǎn)生較大的側(cè)壓力。在壓模時，混凝土產(chǎn)生較大的側(cè)壓力。Con

14、siderable lateral pressure is exerted by the concrete during pactcompaction5. after it is separatedafter separationcompactcompaction6. When necessary必要時必要時Once If possible有可能的話有可能的話一旦一旦While 當當時時小結(jié)：可用緊縮式的連詞或介詞有：小結(jié)：可用緊縮式的連詞或介詞有：When, while, once, if, as, after, during等等1. v. n.consume,separate,emit,

15、produce, apply,communicate, grow,transmit,install . consumption, separation, emission, production, application, communication, growth, transmission, installation2. a. n.responsibleaccurateefficientresponsibilityaccuracyefficiency1. 一年四季的日常一年四季的日常不同不同。The daily varies with the season.2.時廣泛使用變壓器。時廣泛使用

16、變壓器。Transformers are widely used in the of electrical power.3. 原子裂變能原子裂變能中子。中子。Nuclear fission results in the of neutrons.4.廠家負責廠家負責這種新設(shè)備這種新設(shè)備。The of the new equipment is the responsibility of the manufactures.5. 所有有關(guān)的資料均應(yīng)在所有有關(guān)的資料均應(yīng)在中詳細說明。中詳細說明。All the relevant information should be detailed in the

17、.The manufactures are responsible for installing the new equipment.6.用這種方法用這種方法機器需要消耗電力機器需要消耗電力。If machines are by this method, there will be some loss of power.The of machines by this method entails some loss of power。7.用泵能用泵能油箱中的油。油箱中的油。The contents of the tank are by a pump. of the contents of th

18、e tank is performed by a pump.testtestingdischargedischarge8.有必要檢查一下這些結(jié)果是否準確有必要檢查一下這些結(jié)果是否準確。It is necessary to examine whether these results are accurate.It is necessary to examine the accuracy of these results 。9. 需要有關(guān)哪種燃料最合適的情報。需要有關(guān)哪種燃料最合適的情報。Information is needed as to which type of fuel is most

19、suitable.10. 不清楚不清楚這些結(jié)果有多么準確這些結(jié)果有多么準確。It is doubtful how accurate the results are.The accuracy of the results is doubtful.11. 工作的進展取決于工作的進展取決于這個機構(gòu)的效率如何這個機構(gòu)的效率如何。The progress of the work will depend on how efficient the organization is.非謂語動詞非謂語動詞抽象名詞抽象名詞定語從句中介詞定語從句中介詞的位置的位置should被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1.This type o

20、f motor is known as an induction motor.這種發(fā)電機這種發(fā)電機稱為稱為感應(yīng)發(fā)電機。感應(yīng)發(fā)電機。2. Electric current may be considered as a flow of electrons through a medium.電流可電流可看成是看成是穿過介質(zhì)內(nèi)的一股電子流。穿過介質(zhì)內(nèi)的一股電子流。3. These materials may be classified as conductors.4.The steam is cooled and condensed as a film of water.蒸汽冷凝蒸汽冷凝成成一層水膜。

21、一層水膜。5.The carbon in cast iron is present partly as free graphite.鑄鐵中的碳部分鑄鐵中的碳部分以以自由石墨的自由石墨的形式存在形式存在。6. As Fig.1.2 shows As we have just proved As we have stated in the previous chapterAs is shown in the illustrationAs is well knownAs was mentioned a short time agoAs shown in the tableAs pointed out

22、 by professor SmithAs aboveAs beforeas + 主動句主動句as + 被動句被動句as + 過去分詞過去分詞as + 其它詞其它詞7. The bridge, as originally planned, would have been too expensive.原來設(shè)計的那座橋造價太貴。原來設(shè)計的那座橋造價太貴。8. The uranium, as used in the reactor, is the form of a thin rod.在反應(yīng)堆中用的鈾是一種細棒。在反應(yīng)堆中用的鈾是一種細棒。9. The earth is a conductor of

23、 electricity and it may form part of an electrical circuit.地球是一種導(dǎo)體，地球是一種導(dǎo)體，就可能就可能形成部分電路。形成部分電路。10. A simple governor is dependent on gravity it must be kept vertical.一個簡單的調(diào)速器是依靠重力工作一個簡單的調(diào)速器是依靠重力工作的，的，必須將其豎立放置。必須將其豎立放置。1. The size of the flow-meter is the flow is unaffected by it.流量計的大小流量計的大小，即它不影響流速

24、。即它不影響流速?；蚧?The size of the flow-meter is have no effect on the flow.2. The job is it demands the greatest skill.這是一項需要高度技藝的工作。這是一項需要高度技藝的工作?；蚧?The job is demand the greatest skill. 1.高速公路系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)工作高速公路系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)工作開始。開始。Work has been started on the new system of motorways.2. 研究中用研究中用幾種來自不同地方的樣品。幾種來自不同地方的樣品。

25、Samples from different sources have been used in this research.3.研究表明吸煙和肺癌之間有一定的關(guān)系。研究表明吸煙和肺癌之間有一定的關(guān)系。4.工程師們遇到許多有關(guān)這種材料的問題。工程師們遇到許多有關(guān)這種材料的問題。Engineers have encountered many problems with this material.5. The pyrite/aqueous interaction has been studied extensively in the past due its importance in extr

26、active metallurgy.6. 這項工程的設(shè)計工作這項工程的設(shè)計工作開始。開始。Design on the project has not been started yet.7. 1980年以來年以來在進行高速公路的建在進行高速公路的建設(shè)。設(shè)。8. 這家公司這家公司研制出來一種新型的飛機。研制出來一種新型的飛機。The company has just developed a new type of aircraft.9. 由于天氣不好，高速公路的建設(shè)由于天氣不好，高速公路的建設(shè)。machinable steel-able, -ible, -uble“可以可以”，“可可的的”Noti

27、ceable effectControllable effectNegligible amountHeated metal-ed“被被的的”，“被被過的過的”，“經(jīng)經(jīng)過過的的”Corroded ironEmitted raystreatedEffective remedy-ive表示性質(zhì)、特點等表示性質(zhì)、特點等Reactive forceRelative motionAbsorbent material-ant, -ent表示性能等表示性能等Absorbent charcoalAbsorbent paperAbsorbent cottonConducting medium-ing表示性質(zhì)、作用等表示性質(zhì)、作用等Lubricating oilAttendant claimAttendant phenomenoninteractInter-“在在之間之間”interconnectinterweaveinterwindinterworkreusere-“重新重新”、“再再”rechargerecreateregrouprecarbonizerecalloverloadover-“在上在上”，“過于過于的的”overalloverheadoverweightovergrow