句子成分主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)表實用教案

1、句子成分1：主語主語是一個句子所述說的主體。主語的位置一般在句首。英語中主語一般不省略。The boy comes from America.名詞作主語He usually went to school alone.代詞(dic)作賓語第1頁/共41頁第一頁，共42頁。3.Studying English is very important.4.動名詞短語作主語5.To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.6.不定式短語作主語7.That he won the prize excited everyone.8.主語從句作主語9.It is impo

2、rtant for us to have our dreams.10.It 作形式(xngsh)主語，to have our dreams 不定式短語作真正的賓語句子成分(j zichngfn)1：主語第2頁/共41頁第二頁，共42頁。7.It is obvious that he was wrong.8.It 作形式主語，that he was wrong 主語從句作真正的主語。9.8. It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 10.Its no use doing sth. 做某事是沒用的11.spill spilt spilt (使) 灑出，溢出

3、12.覆水難收(f shu nn shu)。13.It 作形式主語，crying over the spilt milk 動名詞短語作真正的主語。句子成分(j zichngfn)1：主語第3頁/共41頁第三頁，共42頁。Have a try Translate the sentences into Chinese. 沒什么是不可能的。 Nothing is impossible. (不定代詞作主語) 2. 抱怨是沒用(mi yn)的。 Complaining is useless. (動名詞作主語） It is no use complaining. (it 作形式主語，complaining

4、 動名詞作真正主語）第4頁/共41頁第四頁，共42頁。Have a try Translate the sentences into Chinese. 3. 怎么減少我們的壓力是個問題。 How to reduce our stress is a question. (主語從句(cn j)作主語） 我們立刻解決這個問題是件緊急的事。 Its urgent that we solve the problem right now. (it 作形式主語， that 引導(dǎo)主語從句(cn j)）第5頁/共41頁第五頁，共42頁。Have a try Translate the sentences int

5、o Chinese. 6. 迎接新世紀(jì)的挑戰(zhàn)很重要。 Its necessary for us to meet the challenge of the new century. (it 作形式主語，不定式短語(duny)做真正主語）第6頁/共41頁第六頁，共42頁。句子成分2：謂語謂語說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)或特征。謂語由動詞或動詞短語(duny)充當(dāng)，或者由“系動詞+表語”構(gòu)成。謂語的位置一般出現(xiàn)在主語之后。 動詞分為：實義動詞、助動詞、系動詞和情態(tài)動詞。1. 實義動詞為行為動詞。它是表示動作或狀態(tài)的動詞，能單獨做謂語。進(jìn)一步可以分為及物動詞(如believe, lend, make, win

6、等）和不及物動詞(如happen, sleep, work等）。第7頁/共41頁第七頁，共42頁。句子成分2：謂語2. 系動詞：系動詞本身有意思，但不能單獨(dnd)做謂語，后面必須跟表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等。包括：be 動詞感官系動詞：feel, look, smell, sound, taste 等變化系動詞：become, grow, turn, get, go 持續(xù)性系動詞：keep, remain, stay表“像”系動詞：seem, appear, look終止性系動詞：prove, turn out 第8頁/共41頁第八頁，共42頁。句子成分2：謂語3. 助

7、動詞：have, be, do 等。 助動詞一般沒有意義，不能單獨做謂語。助動詞的作用主要幫助構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)(sh ti)、語態(tài)、否定句和疑問句。如：He is waiting for the bus. He has made up his mind. Do you love me?4. 情態(tài)動詞：can, could, may, might, must, should, need, have to, ought to, dare等第9頁/共41頁第九頁，共42頁。句子成分(j zichngfn)2：謂語練習(xí)：His parents are teachers. 系動詞+表語 2. The sun

8、 rises in the east. 實義動詞（不及物動詞）We have finished reading the book. 助動詞+動詞過去分詞第10頁/共41頁第十頁，共42頁。句子成分(j zichngfn)2：謂語練習(xí)：4. You ought to work harder. 情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形I felt cold. 系動詞+表語6. He doesnt like music. 助動詞+動詞原形第11頁/共41頁第十一頁，共42頁。句子成分3：賓語賓語是動詞的動作對象(duxing)。一般由名詞、賓格代詞，或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當(dāng)（包括不定式、動名詞還有賓語從句）。賓語

9、分為直接賓語和間接賓語。I will graduate from LTP. 介詞+賓語I like coffee. 動詞+賓語Im afraid that I will fail the exam. 形容詞+賓語第12頁/共41頁第十二頁，共42頁。句子成分3：賓語練習(xí)：He has never met her in person. 賓格代詞She handed him a book. him 賓格代詞作間接賓語，a book 名詞(mng c)作直接賓語。He likes to play basketball. 不定式短語作賓語第13頁/共41頁第十三頁，共42頁。句子成分3：賓語練習(xí)(li

10、nx)：We enjoy listening to the music. 動名詞短語作賓語She said that she felt sick. 賓語從句作賓語They sent the injured to hospital. 名詞化的形容詞作賓語又如：the old, the young 第14頁/共41頁第十四頁，共42頁。句子成分3：賓語練習(xí)：I find it impossible to believe her any longer. it 作形式賓語，不定式短語作真正(zhnzhng)的賓語We consider it no good getting up late. it 作形

11、式賓語，動名詞短語作真正(zhnzhng)的賓語They believed it strange that he should have done that. it 作形式賓語，賓語從句作真正(zhnzhng)的賓語 第15頁/共41頁第十五頁，共42頁。Have a try Translate the sentences into Chinese. 我覺得游泳(yuyng)令我感到輕松。 I find swimming very relaxing. (動名詞作賓語） 2. 我覺得學(xué)英語很重要。 I think that learning English is important. (that

12、 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作賓語） I consider it important to learn English. （it 作形式賓語，to learn English 不定式短語作真正賓語）第16頁/共41頁第十六頁，共42頁。Have a try Translate the sentences into Chinese. 3. 我們覺得在2008年奧運會成為志愿者是很有意義的。 We think (that) it was meaningful to become volunteers in the 2008 Olympic Games. (that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句(cn j)，作賓語） We t

13、hink it meaningful that we became volunteers in the 2008 Olympic Games. (it 作形式賓語，that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句(cn j)作真正賓語）第17頁/共41頁第十七頁，共42頁。第18頁/共41頁第十八頁，共42頁。一、表語 系動詞是表示人或事物狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)的動詞, 如: be, get, sound, look, seem, feel等。系動詞后 面的部分(b fen)叫表語。作表語的典型詞類是形容詞, 也可以名詞、數(shù)詞、極少數(shù)副詞(如here, there)、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、表語從句等。系動詞與表語共同構(gòu)成謂語,

14、說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等。第19頁/共41頁第十九頁，共42頁。練習(xí)：請找出下列句子的表語(bioy)并指出表語(bioy)是由什么來充當(dāng)?shù)?名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞, 不定式, 分詞, 還是表語(bioy)從句)。1. My wallet is on the desk. ( _ )2. The book isnt mine. ( _ )mine,名詞(mng c)性物主代詞。on the desk, 介詞(jic)短語。第20頁/共41頁第二十頁，共42頁。3. The leaves turn yellow in fall. ( _ )4. He has become a police off

15、icer. ( _ ) a police officer, 名詞(mng c)。yellow ,形容詞。第21頁/共41頁第二十一頁，共42頁。5. My suggestion is that we should start at once. ( _ )6. My suggestion is to leave at once. ( _ )to leave at once, 不定式短語(duny)。that we should start at once. 表語(bioy)從句。第22頁/共41頁第二十二頁，共42頁。7. His speech was boring. ( _ )8. The w

16、hole class got excited at the good news. ( _ )excited, 過去分詞。boring, 現(xiàn)在(xinzi)分詞。第23頁/共41頁第二十三頁，共42頁。二、定語 定語用來修飾名詞或代詞, 起限定作用。作定語的典型詞類是形容詞和形容詞性物主代詞, 也可以是數(shù)詞(shc)、名詞、介詞短語、分詞、定語從句等。定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾復(fù)合不定代詞(如something)時, 或者是短語或定語從句作定語, 則總是放在所修飾名詞的后邊。第24頁/共41頁第二十四頁，共42頁。練習(xí)：請找出下列句子的定語并指出定語是由什么充當(dāng)(形容詞、形容詞性代詞(d

17、ic)、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞還是定語從句)1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.( _ ) beautiful, 形容詞; many, 數(shù)詞(shc)。 第25頁/共41頁第二十五頁，共42頁。2. The wallet on the desk is mine. ( _ )3. The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work. ( _ )demanding,現(xiàn)在分詞(fn c); my,形容詞性代詞。on the desk, 介詞(jic)短語。第26頁/共41頁第

18、二十六頁，共42頁。4. That building being repaired is our library.( _ ) 5. He is one of the students that have been late.( _ ) being repaired, 現(xiàn)在分詞(fn c)短語; our, 形容詞性代詞。one, 數(shù)詞(shc); that have been late, 定語從句第27頁/共41頁第二十七頁，共42頁。6. The excited boys burst into cheers. ( _ )7. A woman police officer was praised

19、 for her good work. ( _ )woman, 名詞(mng c); good, 形容詞。excited, 過去分詞。第28頁/共41頁第二十八頁，共42頁。補(bǔ)充(bchng)l 名詞作定語：l pocket money 零用錢; alarm clock 鬧鐘；l sports car 跑車(po ch)l 不定式作定語：l I have a lot of homework to do.l Thats the way to do it. l 介詞短語：l Its a map of China. 第29頁/共41頁第二十九頁，共42頁。三、狀語 狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,

20、或整個句子(j zi)。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等, 作狀語的典型詞類是副詞, 也可以是介詞短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句等。第30頁/共41頁第三十頁，共42頁。練習(xí)：請找出下列句子的狀語并指出狀語是由什么(shn me)充當(dāng)(副詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句)。1. He did his homework carefully at home. ( _ )carefully,副詞(fc); at home, 介詞詞組。第31頁/共41頁第三十一頁，共42頁。to do some shopping不定式作目的狀語; on Sunday介詞短語(duny)表時間。2.

21、Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. ( _ )第32頁/共41頁第三十二頁，共42頁。3. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher. ( _ )4. Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper. ( _ )Feeling tired, 現(xiàn)在分詞短語表原因(yunyn); without supper, 介詞短語表方式。When I grow up, 時間(shjin)狀語從句。第33頁/共41頁第三十三頁，共42頁。5. He lost

22、his job due to his lack of patience.( _ ) 6. Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life. ( _ ) Brought up in the country, 過去分詞短語表原因(yunyn)。due to his lack of patience介詞短語(duny)表原因。第34頁/共41頁第三十四頁，共42頁。四、補(bǔ)足語 補(bǔ)充說明主語的稱為主語補(bǔ)足語; 補(bǔ)充說明賓語的稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。作補(bǔ)足語的典型詞類是形容詞, 也可以是名詞、介詞短語、動詞(d

23、ngc)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞等。第35頁/共41頁第三十五頁，共42頁。練習(xí)：請找出下列句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語并指出它是由什么充當(dāng)(chngdng)的(名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。1. They elected John monitor. ( _ )2. He treated his mistake as a joke. ( _ ) as a joke, 介詞(jic)詞組。 monitor名詞(mng c)第36頁/共41頁第三十六頁，共42頁。3. We heard her singing a song. ( _ )4. He told me to make my own decision.( _ ) to make my own decision, 動詞(dngc)不定式 singing a song