(完整word)初中英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)講解

1、1般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一要點(diǎn)提示 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用動(dòng)詞原形表示， 但是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)或者單數(shù)名詞時(shí)， 動(dòng)詞的形式要發(fā)生變化， 其變化規(guī)律是：1.一般動(dòng)詞后加-s,如：wears, reads, plays, likes, 2.以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾，后 加-es,女口：watches, brushes, 3.以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾，一般加-es,女口：goes, does, 4.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加-es,如：worries, carries. Be動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特殊形態(tài)是：am, is, are。Have的第三人稱單數(shù)是has。二用法指南 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1）表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的

2、動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always總是，often經(jīng)常usually通常，seldom很少，never從不,sometimes有時(shí)（以 上頻度副詞位置放于行為動(dòng)詞之前），every每（放于句首或者句末均可）I leave home for school at 7 every morning.It often snows here.2）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征、能力、性格等。I know him very well.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.3）表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before

3、a fall.驕者必?cái)?。Failure is the mother of success.失敗是成功之母。4）表示客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.三.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的肯定形式，否定形式及疑問(wèn)形式肯定形式是用動(dòng)詞原形，be動(dòng)詞用am, is, are,注：動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的變化；否定形式是在be動(dòng)詞后加否定詞not（縮寫(xiě)成isnt, arent, am與not不能縮寫(xiě)）,或者添加助動(dòng)詞do/does加not再加動(dòng)詞原形（縮寫(xiě)成dont/doesnt）.疑問(wèn)形式是把

4、be動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞do/does提置句首,動(dòng)詞還原， 句末問(wèn)號(hào)， 人稱上第一人稱變第二人稱， 第二人稱變第一人稱，第三人稱不變。一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一要點(diǎn)提示 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)， 也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next week （year, term），in （two days）,soon, the day after tommorrow等。二用法指南一般將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法21)shall/will +動(dòng)詞原形，shall用于第一人稱，常被will所代替，will用于各人稱，表示未

5、 來(lái)的事實(shí)或?qū)?lái)的預(yù)測(cè)。Which paragraph shall I read first.？Will you be at home at seven this evening? Students will use computers to learn.2)be going to +動(dòng)詞原形，表示打算，計(jì)劃要做的事或根據(jù)有把握的判斷要發(fā)生的事。a.主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b.計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at th

6、e dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3)be to +動(dòng)詞原形，表示已作出的決定，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to +動(dòng)詞原形，表示即刻，馬上要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to不能與tomorrow, next week等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Be動(dòng)詞的 形式與主語(yǔ)保持一直。四.某些將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)在用法上的區(qū)別1)be going to和will用于條件句時(shí)，

7、be going to表將來(lái)；will表意愿If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off yourclothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.2)be to和be going tobe to表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事；be going to表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。I am to play football tomorrow aft

8、ernoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (五一般將來(lái)時(shí)的肯定形式，否定形式及疑問(wèn)形式肯定形式正常語(yǔ)序， 否定形式在be動(dòng)詞或will/shall提置句首?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一要點(diǎn)提示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：be (am, is, are) +現(xiàn)在分詞(即動(dòng)詞1.一般情況下，動(dòng)詞后直接加-ing，如：working, buying,去掉e,然后再加-ing,女口：taking, having, leaving, 3.讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫(xiě)末尾輔音字母，然后加-ing，如：stopping, running, swimming, 4.lielying.

9、二用法指南(客觀安排)主觀安排)后加not，疑問(wèn)形式把be動(dòng)詞或shall/will-ing形式)visiting,以輔音字母。動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)律：2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，+元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾的重 特殊變化，如：3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：1)表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。We are waiting for you.2)習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3)

10、表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.4)與always, constantly, forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有 說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。You are always changing your mind.三.不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞1)事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh,

11、 measure, continue等。I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2)心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean,understand, love, hate等。I need your help. He loves her very much.3 )瞬間動(dòng)詞accept, receive, complete, finish

12、, give, allow, decide, refuse等。I accept your advice.4)系動(dòng)詞seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。You seem a little tired.四現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的否定形式是在be后加not，疑問(wèn)形式是把be動(dòng)詞提置句首。一般過(guò)去時(shí)一要點(diǎn)提示一般過(guò)去時(shí)是表示在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式(即動(dòng)詞-ed形式),動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)律：1一般動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed,女口：walked, looked, finished, 2以字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-

13、d，如：lived, decided, noticed, 3以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞， 變y為i，再加-ed，如：hurried, carried,44以元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加stepped。以上是規(guī)則變化，還有一些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式是不規(guī)則變化，如：bewas/were, swimswam等，參見(jiàn)初一下英語(yǔ)書(shū)后不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。 二用法指南般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法1)在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。等。Where did you go just now?2)表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。When I was a child, I often

14、played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3)句型：a. It is time for sb. to do sth到時(shí)間了該了It is time sb. did sth. 時(shí)間已遲了早該了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)一要點(diǎn)提示-ed,如：stopped, dodid, havehad,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last (week, nighr, year),( an hour)ago, in 1982, just now如：It

15、is time for you to go to bed.It is time you went to bed.b. would (had) rather sb. did sth.Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hopeI thought you might have some.三.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的一些特殊用法1比較：你該睡覺(jué)了。你早該睡覺(jué)了。表示寧愿某人做某事等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等。 我以為你想要一些。般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。(Christinewas aninvalidall

16、herlife.ChristinehasbeenaninvalidMrs.Darbylived inKentucky forsevenyears.( Mrs.Darbyhaslived inKentucky forsevenyears.(2.注意：用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示現(xiàn)在含義，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。1)動(dòng)詞want,hope,wonder, think,intend等。2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,would.Cou ldyoulendmeyourbike?四一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定形式動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，否定形式用 疑問(wèn)形式用Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+？含義：她已不在人間。)含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基

17、州。)含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)did+not+動(dòng)詞原形(did not縮寫(xiě)成didnt)，51 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has +過(guò)去分詞 ”構(gòu)成 注意：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式相同，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞見(jiàn)本書(shū)末的 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表2 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定式、否定式和疑問(wèn)式以及簡(jiǎn)略回答： 肯定式：I / We / You / They have cleaned the room .He / She has cleaned the room .否定式：I / We / You / They have not / havnt cleaned the room

18、.He / She has not / hasnt cleaned the room .疑問(wèn)式：Have I / we / you / they cleaned the room ?Has he / she cleaned the room ?簡(jiǎn)略回答：肯定Yes, I / we / you / they have .否定No, I / we / you / they have not / havnt.肯定Yes, he / she has .否定No, he / she has not / hasnt .二用法指南 在英語(yǔ)中，有兩種用法：1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成

19、的影響或結(jié)果。這種用法有 時(shí)不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)， 有時(shí)同just, already, yet, recently, never, ever, before等表示不確定時(shí)間的副 詞連用。Ive just sent a fax to them.我剛剛給他們發(fā)了一份傳真。The film hasnt started yet.電影還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始。-Have you typed my letter already ?-Yes, I have.你已經(jīng)把我的信打好了嗎？已經(jīng)打好了。Weve bought a new house.我們已經(jīng)買了座新房子。注意：在有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（last,yesterday,ago,

20、 when等）時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的這種用法通常與since和for連用。Si nee +一段時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)（在si nee引導(dǎo)的從句中一般用過(guò)去時(shí)）For +一段時(shí)間（如，three days, two years）They have lived here sinee 1989.從1989年起他們就住在這里了。He has been here sinee two oeloek.他從十點(diǎn)種就在這里了。Ive known her for a long time.我認(rèn)識(shí)她很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。注意：have gone （to）

21、表示“到某地去了” ，此時(shí)人還在那里。- Where is Tom ? -He has gone to London.湯姆在哪兒？ 他已經(jīng)去倫敦了。have been （to）表示“到過(guò)某地” ，此時(shí)人并不在那里。I have been to the Great Wall of China twiee.我去過(guò)兩次中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)城。2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與so far （到目前為止）, up till now （直到現(xiàn)在）等短語(yǔ)連用Up till now Ive only learned a thousand English words.到現(xiàn)在我只學(xué)了1000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。6過(guò)去完成時(shí) 一 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：had +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，否定式在had后加not，疑問(wèn)式把had提前。 二 用法指南1.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前結(jié)束的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也就時(shí)說(shuō)時(shí)在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去” 。When we got there the basketball match had already started.我們到那里時(shí)，籃球比賽已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。He told me tha