人教課標(biāo)高二選修UnitGrammar

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1人教課標(biāo)高二選修人教課標(biāo)高二選修UnitGrammar不定式由“to + do (動(dòng)詞原形)”構(gòu)成, 其否定形式是“not to do”, 不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ), 在句子中作 _, _, _, _, _, _ 或 _。不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 但有 _ 和 _ 的變化。 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài) 語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，時(shí)態(tài)共四種，即一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式。語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如下表所示。形形 式式 主主 動(dòng)動(dòng) 被被 動(dòng)動(dòng)一般式一般式進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式完成式完成式完成進(jìn)完成進(jìn)行式行式to doto have doneto be doi

2、ngto have been doingto be doneto have beendone當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用 _ 語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)用 _語(yǔ)態(tài)。進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)被動(dòng)不定式的被動(dòng)形式有下列用法:(1) 作主語(yǔ)It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.形式主語(yǔ)(2) 作賓語(yǔ)She asked to be sent to work in Hong Kong.(3) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓補(bǔ)) He wanted the letter to be

3、typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.(4) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ) The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.(5) 作定語(yǔ)Are you going to the meeting to be held next week?(6) 作狀語(yǔ)She was too young to be assigned such work.It is a good thing for him to have beencriticized. She preferred t

4、o have been given heavier work to do. 不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)等。He thought it is an honour to have beeninvited to the party. The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages. (complex predicate)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. 1. 在 there be 結(jié)

5、構(gòu)中。 There is a lot of homework to do.There is no time to lose.2. 在“ be + adj + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有easy, difficult, hard,impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, interesting, important, expensive, cheap, fit, dangerous等。He is hard to convince.He is impossible to work with.3. 在“too to ; enough to ”結(jié)構(gòu)中。

6、The problem is too difficult to work out.The house is big enough to live in.4. 在“with + n. + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。With nothing to do, he lay in bed.With so many exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema.5. 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)在句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)。 I have a letter to type today. Do you have anything to say?(I是to type的邏輯主語(yǔ)) (you是to say的邏

7、輯主語(yǔ))6. 一些作表語(yǔ)用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式表 被動(dòng)。 I felt I was to blame.1. The dishes need _. to be washed wash 2. The mail is intended _.sendto be sent 4. The house is _.sellto be sold 3. The wall is expected _.to be paintedpaintto be accompaniedto be understoodto be laughed atto be testedto be enviedto be discussed1. 我

8、們不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)的時(shí)候, 或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。 Printing was introduced to Europe from China. Look! There is nothing here. Everything has been taken away. 1. My hamburger was eaten by the dog.2. The toy is made by hand.3. He will be sent to Africa next week. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：_1.English is spoken by many people. 2.I am ask

9、ed to get up early everyday.3.The books are written by Lu Xun.am / is / are done一般過(guò)去時(shí)：_These computers were made in our own country.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：_Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?was / were donewill / shall be done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：_The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.wo

10、uld be given過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：_The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：_Great progress has also been made in culture and education.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：_The machine is being repaired in theworkshop. am / is / are beingdonewas / were beingdonehave / has beendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)：_ The huge bridge had been dama

11、ged before the World War .將來(lái)完成時(shí)：_The book will have been published by the end of next month.had beendonewill / shall have beendone含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：_情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + doneThis problem can be solved. Whats done cannot be undone. 1. 某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動(dòng) 詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義。 cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, se

12、ll, read1) The dish tastes delicious. 2) The theory proved right at last.The book is so interesting that it sells well. sells此處為不及物動(dòng)詞“銷售起來(lái); 有銷路”的意思；作及物動(dòng)詞為“賣; 出售”。This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗) 2. need + v. - ing 表示“主語(yǔ)承受動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作”，表示被動(dòng)意義。 我的車需要修理。 My car needs repairing. (= to be repaired). beg,

13、equal, fail, hold, possess, fit, become, contain, cost, fit, have, lack, suit等。This new English-Chinese dictionarycost me ten dollars.3. 某些表示狀態(tài)或者特征的及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：如：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了。The war broke out.The war was broke out.4. 通常只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有。 “be 過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)別是：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示

14、一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，試比較下面的句子：The enemy was soon surrounded by us.The house is surrounded by trees.She was bitten by the dog in the darkness. I was excited by the news that my husband got promoted.1. My father will repair my bike for me.My bike will _ by my father for me.2. I have found my wallet

15、.My wallet has _.3. She told me to wait here for her.I _ to wait here for her.be repairedbeen foundwas told4. The police will surely arrest the murderer. The murderer will surely _ by the police.5. They invited Mr. Green to make a speech. Mr. Green _ to make a speech.6. You mustnt take those books o

16、ut of the reading-room. Those books mustnt _ out of the reading-room.be arrestedwas invitedbe taken(2) 作賓語(yǔ)She asked to be sent to work in Hong Kong.(5) 作定語(yǔ)Are you going to the meeting to be held next week?(6) 作狀語(yǔ)She was too young to be assigned such work.1. The dishes need _. to be washed washto be testedto be enviedto be discussed “be 過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與