建筑英語(yǔ)--諾曼福斯特德國(guó)法蘭克福商業(yè)銀行大廈淺析_

1、建筑英語(yǔ)題目：德國(guó)法蘭克福商業(yè)銀行大廈肉析學(xué)院:外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院課程名稱(chēng)：建筑英語(yǔ)班級(jí):英語(yǔ)102班姓名：李君學(xué)20101410772012 年 10 月 19 口analysis of commerzbank towerthe ecological hi-tech architectural designabstract this paper briefly introduces foster and partners' commerzbank reinvents the skyscraper. foster used eco-tech and hi-tech as well as new

2、 material in his design which embodies the ideas of sustainable development. and he made the great contribution in ecological and hi-tech architectural design.key words commerzbank skyscraper, ecologically environment, natural ventilation, gardens in the skythe new headquarters for commerzbank in fr

3、ankfurt is the world's tallest ecological high-rise tower. the design addressed sustainability issues such as: ambient energy used as much as possible to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels by an innovative fagade and building system that uses natural ventilation; maintaining health and happin

4、ess for the users by daylighting office space and allowing them to enjoy the outdoors by operable windows and planted sky gardens; recycling gray water for cooling and sanitary purposes; and community and connection through careful scaling of relationships with street and surrounding neighborhood th

5、e consideration of these issues reflected by the different building components will be discussed, analyzed and commented on. the commerzbank headquarters was the first skyscraper to seriously take sustainability into con sideration and to allow it to form the basis of the building's design; the

6、prototype's success or failure will influence how "green" skyscrapers will be in the future.brief introductionat fifty-three storeys, the commerzbank is the world's first ecological office tower and the tallest building in europe the outcome of a limited international competition,

7、the project explores the nature of the office environment, developing new ideas for its ecology and working patter ns. central to this concept is a reliance on natural systems of lighting and ventilation. every office in the tower is daylil and has openable windows, allowing occupants to control the

8、ir own environment, and resulting in energy consumption levels equivalent to half those of conventional office towers.iam!47iqhurvc mcum 攸isten%v811bhihdrrev wcohcruffrac* wc10qmxn wcuharttwqftwrutthe plan of the building is triangular, comprising three petals the office floors - and a stem formed b

9、y a full-height central atrium pairs of vertical masts enclose services and circulation cores in the corners of the plan and support eight-storey vierendeel beams, which in turn support clear-span office floors. four-storey gardens are set at different levels on each side of the tower, forming a spi

10、ral of landscaping around the building, and visually establishing a social focus for village-like offices clusters. these gardens play an ecological role, bringing daylight and fresh air into the central atrium, which acts as a natural ventilation chimney for the inward-facing offices.the gardens ar

11、e also places to relax during refreshment breaks, bringing richness and humanity to the workplace, and from the outside they give the building a sense of transparency and lightness. depending on their orierhation, planting is from one of three regions: north america, asia or the mediterranea n.the t

12、ower has a distinctive presence on the frankfurt skyline but is also anchored into the lower-scale city fabric, with restoration and sensitive rebuilding of the perimeter structures reinforcing the original scale of the block. these developments at street level provide shops, car parking, apartments

13、 and a banking hall, and forge links between the commerzbank and the broader community. at the heart of the scheme a public galleria with restaurants, cafs and spaces for social and cultural events forms a popular new route cutting across the site. interestingly, on the day the commerzbank opened, t

14、he financial times adopted it as the symbol of frankfurt, just as it features big ben and the eiffel tower as symbols of london and paris.architectnorman foster was bom in man chester, england in 1935. his remarkable buildings and urban projects have transformed cityscapes, renewed transportation sy

15、stems and restored city centres all over the world.many of these aesthetically and technologically groundbreaking projects are based on ecology conscious concepts, setting new standards for the interaction of buildings with their environment. among his recent projects are some of the most remarkable

16、 architectural projects of the last years, in eluding the reconstructio n of the reichstag in berlin, the design of the great court at the british museum in london, the millennium bridge, and the new hong kong international airport the world's largest airport terminalarchitecture1) new high-rise

17、 generationthe floor plan of the new tower is an equilateral triangle with rounded corners and slightly convex sides. the approximate width is 60 m. the floors of the building as well as the cores at the three corners are organized around the central atrium. the inside atrium region has a height of

18、160 m (43 storeys) with a length of 17 m. each floor has three wings, two of which serve as office space; the third forms part of one of the 4-storey-high gardensthe tower makes an open and transparent impression thanks to the atrium, which is also triangular in shape; natural light and the nine gar

19、dens give it its slender appearance the gardens have an area of 480 m2 and a height of 15 m, and are distributed in a spiral form along the building height. a unique frame construction enhances this impression by spanning the gardens, which are more than 34 m wide, without the use of columns.2) desi

20、gn of the towerthe stepped top of the building makes a strong visual impact even from a distance the guiding principle, developed with the city of frankfurt, was to create a striking symbol for the banking district.3) facadefor substantial energy-saving and natural ventilation, the building is enclo

21、sed in a two-layer facade. the outer skin has slots through which fresh air is able to enter the cavity between the layers.the window of the inner facade, even those on the highest floors, may be opened, ensuring that natural ventilation is possible right up to the 50th floor. the windows on the atr

22、ium side can also be opened.structural systeml) .daylighting and sky gardensthe building's structural layout is closely integrated with the spatial qualities of the office and garden. commerzbank has a rounded equilateral triangular plan. the three apexes house the main reinforced concrete and s

23、teel columns as well the service and elevator shafts the three sections on each arm of the plan are reserved for office space and one section devoted to the sky garden at every floor. this leaves a central triangular atrium in the middle that run the height of the building, only separated by steel a

24、nd glass diaphragms every twelve floors. the atriums serve as the airshafts that connect airflow between sky gardens each twelve floor "village" is further divided into sections of four floors. each section holds a four level high open sky garden that changes orientation from one arm of th

25、e triangle to the next at every section, spiraling the height of the thbuilding until it reaches the top of the building on the 60 floor.this sky gardens allow daylight to strike the interior face of each office wing, meeting the german building code requiring that all workers be no further than 7.5

26、 meters from a window light spills into every interior space of every floor and each place has a view to match. looking out of the exterior face from the offices, large windows not only allows light and ventilation to enter, but invites views into the culturally well-preserved city of frankfurt from

27、 the tallest building in europe. from the office space looking towards the interior atrium of the building, your eye is drawn to the greenery of the sky gardens above and below more views of the city lie beyond the glass wall that encloses the sky gardens, with operable windows on the top of the wal

28、ls that allow cross breezes. the light, views and ventilation made possible by the building original steel frame design has come a long way from the glass boxes typical of american skyscrapers that deprive occupants from natural light and air. the design has also made the column free sky gardens pos

29、sible.the freedom of structural columns in the gardens expresses a new and animated form of office management where workers experience a less hierarchical system by sharing the same spaces as their peers the office partitions are made of glass; encouraging the dissolution of psychological barriers b

30、etween co-workers. the sky gardens are planted with live trees and plants, and depending on the cardinal orientation of the garden, will house either species native to north america, asia, or the mediterranean. these garde ns act as outdoor places and function as public spaces: people confer, eat lu

31、nch, drink coffee, or simply pause for thought. the community created by the common sky gardens is one of familiarity and intimacy. the director of commerzbank's central building department is satisfied when they are given praise when office workers of the building leave at night and tell them t

32、hey dont feel tired.commerzbank is revolutionary for taking aggressive initiative to make the skyscraper more comfortable for its occupants and ecologically friendlier to the environment. the energy reductions are largely contributed by n atural ventilation in stead of air-c on ditio ning made possi

33、ble by the innovative design of the klimafassade.2) .the klimafassadetranslated as the climate facade, it is a custom made double skin envelope system that mediates the weather between the interior and exterior of the building. it is also this innovative design that allows for individuals to control

34、 their surroundings by operable windows and a sunshade system.this invention allows natural ventilation to be viable in a skyscraper. it is composed of a solid pane of laminated glass on the outer layer, which deflects strong winds and rain.the inner layer, a low-e double-glazed unit that is bottom

35、hinged and opens in wards at the top, is the motorized operable window controlled by either individuals or can be overridden by the towefs electronic building management system. based on the preset interior temperature limits (27°c max in summer and 5°c min in winter) as well as wind, sola

36、r intensity and humidity measurements from weather stations throughout the building, the bms will decide the level of control the building5 s occupants will have over windows and blinds. this will prevent complications of uneven air pressure, overheating, condensation, etc. to minimize the noise gen

37、erated when air moves through the space on the top and bottom of the fixed outer layer, special aerodynamic transoms allow silent natural ventilation to occuralthough this innovative double skin system has been tested rigorously in extensive computer studies, no one knows quite how the whole thing w

38、ill work. for instance, there will be times when the cavity air will be warmer than the atmosphere of the office within 一 the convection effect should still work to ventilate the interior, but will there be unforeseen circumstances?3) >community and connectionthe commerzbank headquarters' rig

39、orous integration of env ironme ntally responsible tech no logies was a product of the unique political and economic climate in the 1990s when the city was governed by a coalition of social democrats and "green j who resisted large-scale development in the city's historic center. however, w

40、hen they finally bowed down to the economic pressure from the banks, they did not hesitate to impose a range of requirements to make tall buildings not only more sustainable, but more acceptable within the cityscapethe base of the commerzbank headquarters was directly in the middle of a low-scale ne

41、ighbourhood which the government required their careful consideration.'the base of the tower had to be wrapped with a seven-story structure containing shops, housing，a 500-seat auditorium and parking spaces for 300 cars and 200 bicycles so that it will preserve the old urban fabric.to minimize t

42、he visual and shading impact on the neighboring and original commerzbank headquarters across the street, the orientation of the new building had to be cleverly orientated; with the south-west vertex facing the 6(ps slab tower so that light may reach it and at the same time opening up views for it. o

43、n the other hand, the dark gray somber monolith will also be less of an impression to the new building occupants since the sky gardens at those elevations will not face directly at it but into the horizon of the city.to fit into the city's horizon, however, called for the design of the building to be more transparent. the original concept was a building that evoked abstractions of transparency coupled with the gree nery of hanging sky garde n