初中階段動詞不定時的用法概述

1、【摘要】 本文將動詞不定式在初中階段的用法加以梳理并概述，旨在使讀者對該語法有較為系統(tǒng)和全面的認(rèn)識?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】 動詞不定式 主語 表語 定語 賓語 語補(bǔ)足語 狀語 否定式初中階段動詞不定式的用法概述陜汽一校 王雪紅一、動詞不定式的構(gòu)成及特征動詞不定式是一種非限定動詞，它的基本形式是：“ to+動詞原形”。有時可以不帶to。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，句中不能做謂語。但它保留動詞的特點(diǎn)，即可以有自己的賓語和狀語。動詞不定式還具有名詞 、形容詞、副詞的特征。二、動詞不定式的用法1、作主語To learn a foreign language is not easy.To have a walk

2、after supper is a good habit .動詞不定式作主語時，往往用 it作形式主語，把動詞不定式放在謂語之后。例如上面的兩個例句就可以改為：It is not easy to learn a foreign language.It is a good habit to have a walk after supper.這種用法可歸納為下面的句型：It is +形容詞 +動詞不定式如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，可以用for 引出，即：It is +形容詞 +for +某人+ 動詞不定式It is not easy for us to learn a foreign la

3、nguage.在有些形容詞如kind, good, nice, clever, foolish, polite等來表示誰怎么樣， 這些形容詞后常用of而不用for。即：It +is+形容詞+ of +某人 +動詞不定式It was kind of her to help the old man.It was foolish of us to believe him.3、 作表語Their plan is to have a picnic on the mountain.My wish is to become a writer.3、作賓語They want to travel around t

4、he world.I try to study English better.初中英語中可以用動詞不定式作賓語的及物動詞有: want , hope, wish, begin, start, try, remember, forget, like, love, agree, learn, prefer等。4、作賓語補(bǔ)足語Linda asked Tom to help her with her physics.My parents want me to study harder.能帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有: tell, ask, want, like, teach, help, i

5、nvite, allow, wish, encourage等。另外，有些動詞后跟的作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式需省去to。這些動詞及短語有：see, watch, look at, make, have, let, feel, hear, listen to, notice等。注意，上面這一用法在被動語態(tài)中，省略的to 都要補(bǔ)上。這一用法可以總結(jié)成以下幾句順口溜：“三看（ see, watch, look at ）三使（make, have, let ）一感受（feel ）， 兩聽（hear, listen to）一注（notice）記心頭。這些詞后接賓補(bǔ)，不定式前省去to，這些句子變被動，省去的

6、to再加上?！?、作定語Have you got anything to say ?I have a lot of homework to do.It is time to have class.注意：這種不定式很多和它修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系，因此，如果這個不定式是不及物動詞，它后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。There is nothing to worry about.She is a nice girl to work with.6、作狀語（1）用來修飾動詞，表目的、結(jié)果、原因。People came here to watch the football match.People will live

7、to be 200 years old.We jumped with joy to hear the news.（2）不定式也可用在作表語用的形容詞后面作狀語，說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因或是在哪方面存在謂語所表示的情況等。I am sorry to hear that.He is happy to hear the good news.We are surprised to find him there.She is always ready to help others.Be careful not to catch cold.（3）當(dāng)一個句子里帶有too或enough這樣的詞時，我們也常用一個

8、不定式來作狀語。I was too tired to walk on.The girl is old enough to go to school.三、動詞不定式的否定式。動詞不定式的否定式由“not + to + 動詞原形”例如:My mother wants me not to play with fire.The teacher told the students not to copy others homework.四、疑問詞與動詞不定式的連用。疑問代詞 who, what, which, 和疑問副詞 when, where, how, why 等后面可以接動詞不定式，構(gòu)成不定式短語。I was very upset, I dont know what to do.Can you tell me how to