八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)

1、語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng) II動(dòng)詞一 . 動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或處于某種狀態(tài)的詞， 它分為行為動(dòng)詞， 系動(dòng)詞、 助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞種類多，變化又復(fù)雜，是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的難點(diǎn)之一，下面根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸類，并提供一些辨別方法，以便于理解和掌握。1. 行為動(dòng)詞在動(dòng)詞中數(shù)量最多， 它含有實(shí)在的意義 （又叫實(shí)義動(dòng)詞） ，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在句中可以單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，行為動(dòng)詞又分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞后面必須加賓語(yǔ)，意義才完整，不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能直接帶賓語(yǔ)，常需要在賓語(yǔ)前加介詞才能帶賓語(yǔ)。eg:We study English very hard.She has a book in her hand.The sun ris

2、es in the east.2. 連系動(dòng)詞本身有一定詞義， 但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)， 必須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)， 常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞有： be, look, sound, get, become 等。eg:My parents are both farmers.The milk tastes terrible.The song sounds good.3. 助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，必須和主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示疑問(wèn)，否定，時(shí)態(tài)或其它語(yǔ)法形式。常見(jiàn)的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have, do, will, shall 等。eg:Do you have a brother?Have you got an E

3、nglish-Chinese dictionary?I didn t go to the cinema yesterday.4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義， 但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)， 只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)， 表示說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身可以構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)和否定，常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有： can, may, must, will, shall, need 等。eg: Can you sing the English song?Everyone must get to school on time.二 . 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：（一）時(shí)態(tài)概述：作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種

4、形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)，英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)，就是通過(guò)特殊的動(dòng)詞詞尾或加一些相關(guān)的助動(dòng)詞 be, have（ has）等，用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或事件發(fā)生的不同時(shí)間和方面。eg: He reads newspapers every day.He read the newspaper yesterday.He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow.（二）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1. 動(dòng)詞變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用動(dòng)詞原形表示，但第三人稱單數(shù)后要加詞尾-s，另外 be和 have 有特殊的人稱形式。在加詞尾 -s 時(shí)要注意：情況加法例詞一般情況加 -sreads, writes, says以 ch,

5、 sh, s, x, 或 o 收尾的詞加 -esteaches, washes, guesses, fixes,goes以“輔音字母 +y ”結(jié)尾的詞變 y 為 i 再加 -estry triescarry carries讀音：情況讀法例詞在 ptkf等清輔音后 shelps, hates, asks, laughs在 sz td 3 等音后 izfaces, rises,wishes, watches,urges在其他情況下 zplans, cries, shows2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要表示：（ 1 ）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：sometimes 等eg: We alway

6、s help each other.It often snows in winter.I get up early every morning.always, often,usually,（ 2）表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的特征、性格、能力等。eg: He loves sports.Jane is an outgoing girl.Tom and Tim both have medium height.（ 3）表示客觀、普遍真理eg:Two and four makes six.Water boils at 100 The moon moves round the earth.3. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句一般以

7、在句首加助動(dòng)詞does，其他加do，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞一概用原形；動(dòng)詞eg: Do you like English?do， does 的方式構(gòu)成。第三人稱單數(shù)加 be 只需與主語(yǔ)位置對(duì)調(diào)就行了。Do they have story books?What does she do every evening?Is she at home?Are you good at English?e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉take takingsuffer suffering spend spendingdo doing4. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式是 do not（ don t）或 does not （ doesn t）動(dòng)詞

8、原形來(lái)構(gòu)成的，be 動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只需在be 后加 not 構(gòu)成否定。eg:I don t like oranges at all.She doesn t work inhet TV station.They aren t students.I m not busy every weekend.三 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：1. 動(dòng)詞變化：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“am /is /are動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。加-ing的規(guī)則如下：（ 1）一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ing 。如：stay stayinglisten listening work workinglook looking（ 2）以不發(fā)音的字母e，再加 -ing。

9、如：make makinggive giving please pleasingride ridingrefuse refusingclose closingoperate operating（ 3）以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加put puttingsit sittingrun runningwin winning-ing 。如：begin beginning2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法（ 1）表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這時(shí)可以不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，也可以和present, at the moment 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。有時(shí)用一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，如look （看），now, atli

10、sten（聽(tīng)）。eg: What are you reading now?Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.（ 2）表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)期的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。eg: They are working in a factory these days.More and more people are giving up smoking.（ 3）表示最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可表示一個(gè)在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，即可以用來(lái)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。eg: When are you leaving?Are you going to Ti

11、bet tomorrow?3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句和疑問(wèn)句比較簡(jiǎn)單。否定句在句把 be 動(dòng)詞移到主語(yǔ)前。be（am, is, are）后面加not；疑問(wèn)eg:I am not working.What are you reading now?How are you feeling today?The train isn t arriving soon.四 . 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：1. 動(dòng)詞變化： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)， 在句中由主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式來(lái)表達(dá)。構(gòu)成規(guī)則原形過(guò)去式一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加 -edworkworkedplantplantedplayplayed結(jié)尾是 e 的動(dòng)詞在末尾加 -d

12、likelikedlivelivedchangechanged末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重plan（計(jì)劃）planned讀閉音節(jié)詞， 先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音stopstopped字母，再加 -eddropdropped以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的，先變 carrycarriedy 為 i 再加 -edstudystudiedcrycried否定式疑問(wèn)式否定疑問(wèn)式簡(jiǎn)單回答I did not work.Did I work?Did I not work?Yes, you did.No, you didn t.You did not work.Did you work?Did you not work?Yes, I

13、 did.No, I didn t.He / She / It did not Did he / she / it work? Did he / she / itnot Yes, he / she / it /did.work.work?No, he /she /it didn t.We did not work.Did we work?Did we not work?Yes, you did.No, you didn t.You did not work.Did you work?Did you not work?Yes, we did.No, we didn t.They did not

14、work.Did they work?Did you they not work? Yes, they did.No, they didn t.2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法：（ 1）帶有確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。 （ eg: yesterday, last year, just now, twodays ago, in the old days 等）eg: He left just now.Lei Feng was a good soldier.What did you have for breakfast this morning?（ 2）表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這時(shí)

15、常和表示頻度的狀語(yǔ)連用。eg: Last term we often did experiments.He always went to work by bus.五 . be going to 表示一般將來(lái)1. 用法：表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做的事，或表示說(shuō)話人根據(jù)已有的跡象認(rèn)為很有可能要發(fā)生的事情，be 隨著人稱的變化變成（am, is, are）eg: We are going to have a new subject this year.It s going to rain this afternoon.I m going to be a pilot when I grow up.2

16、. be going to的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加上not；be going to的疑問(wèn)句把be 動(dòng)詞移到主語(yǔ)前。eg:He isn t going to sees hibrother tomorrow.I m not going to tell you about it.Who s going to use it?Is your sister going to bring your lunch?What are you going to do next Sunday.【模擬試題】 （答題時(shí)間： 70 分鐘）一 . 改錯(cuò)：例 1：The rose dark red. The rose is dark red.1. He very likes swimming.2. He can helps you.3. We haven t a good time.4. What are you do after school every day?5. Sometimes I listen music. sometimes I play outside.6. The fish smells not good.7. We should buy some chicken. There are little