解讀魚類病毒病的主要病原種類

1、解讀魚類病毒病的主要病原種類The main pathogenic species of fish virus disease 損害飼養(yǎng)魚類的病原性疾病首要有病毒性疾病、細(xì)菌性疾病和寄生蟲性疾病等。其間病毒病因為其病原體細(xì)小，在宿主細(xì)胞內(nèi)仿制，所以難以選用藥物進(jìn)行操控，一旦迸發(fā)病毒病將損失慘重，農(nóng)業(yè)部新發(fā)布的魚類產(chǎn)地檢疫規(guī)程也將病毒性疾病作為要點檢疫目標(biāo)；一起北京市水產(chǎn)飼養(yǎng)首要是在靜水池塘條件下飼養(yǎng)鯉、鯽、草魚、鱘、觀賞魚以及在流水條件下飼養(yǎng)鮭鱒等魚類為主，因而作者要點討論北京市靜水池塘和流水飼養(yǎng)條件下魚類病毒病的防控技術(shù)辦法。 Damage the primary pathogenic di

2、seases breeding of fish with viral diseases, bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases. The virus disease because of its fine imitation of pathogens, in host cells, so it is difficult to choose drug control, once the outbreak virus disease would be disastrous, the Ministry of Agriculture issued a ne

3、w " fish quarantine rules for " will also be viral diseases as points of quarantine target; with Beijing aquatic products is mainly reared under hydrostatic conditions Carp Ponds grass carp, crucian carp, ornamental fish, sturgeon, and feeding the trout in water under the condition of fish

4、, thus the author point control technology measures of Beijing city water ponds and water feeding conditions fish virus disease. 魚類病毒病發(fā)病與品種和水溫有關(guān) 魚類病毒病發(fā)病與飼養(yǎng)品種和水溫密切相關(guān)。例如鯉春病毒血癥首要在鯉中發(fā)作，發(fā)病溫度為1117，超越22不發(fā)病1；錦鯉皰疹病毒病在鯉和錦鯉中發(fā)作，發(fā)病溫度為2328，低于18或高于30不發(fā)病；草魚出血病在草魚、青魚中發(fā)作，在水溫2030特別是2528時為盛行頂峰。 Fish virus disease incid

5、ence and pathogenesis of varieties and water fish viral diseases and breeding varieties and the water temperature is closely related to. For example, spring viremia of first episode in the carp, the onset temperature of 11 17 , 22not beyond the onset of 1; Koi herpes virus attacks in common carp and

6、 Koi, the onset temperature of 23 28 , below 18 or above 30 without disease; hemorrhagic disease of grass carp and grass carp, black carp in the when the water temperature is 20 30 , especially the 25 28popular peak. 魚類病毒病難以用藥物操控，病毒性疾病不同于細(xì)菌性疾病，因為病毒不能本身增殖，有必要依托宿主細(xì)胞內(nèi)的能量和物質(zhì)增殖，是專性的細(xì)胞內(nèi)寄生生物。因而可以醫(yī)治細(xì)菌性疾病的抗生

7、素等藥物對病毒性疾病根本沒有用果。魚類一旦感染病毒性疾病，大多沒有有用的藥物醫(yī)治辦法，首要是以預(yù)防為主。 Fish viral diseases to drug control of viral diseases is different from bacterial disease, because the virus cannot itself proliferation, it is necessary to rely on the energy and mass multiplication in host cells, are obligate intracellular paras

8、ite. So it can treat bacterial diseases of antibiotics and other drugs for viral diseases no fruit. Fish once infected diseases, are not useful drug treatment measures, the first is on prevention. 阻隔和操控難度大 魚類生活在水中，病毒以水體為前言傳達(dá)，一條魚發(fā)病后整個池塘的魚很快都會感染，因而魚類病毒病發(fā)病后很難操控。也只能阻隔整個飼養(yǎng)池塘，而不能阻隔單條發(fā)病魚。魚類病毒病的首要病原品種 魚類病毒病

9、潛伏期犬牙交錯、臨床表現(xiàn)復(fù)雜多變、傳染性強(qiáng)、傳達(dá)速度快、死亡率高，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害水產(chǎn)飼養(yǎng)業(yè)，可以形成嚴(yán)重經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。 Barrier and difficult operation fish live in the water, with water as the virus transmission, a fish after the onset of the pond fish soon will be infected, so the incidence of virus disease of fish is difficult to control. Also can cut off the

10、whole rearing pond, but not obstructing single disease of fish. Virus disease of fish the primary pathogenic species virus latency be zigzag, complicated and varied clinical manifestations, infectious strong, transmission speed, high mortality, serious damage to the aquatic products industry, can fo

11、rm the serious economic loss. 迄今已報導(dǎo)可導(dǎo)致魚類病毒病的病原有上百種，常見的也有20余種，大多數(shù)歸于彈狀病毒科、虹彩病毒科和皰疹病毒科，少量歸于呼腸孤病毒科、雙節(jié)段RNA病毒科、腺病毒科、反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒科、野田病毒科和正黏病毒科等。彈狀病毒科首要包含鯉春病毒血癥病毒、傳染性造血器官壞死病病毒、病毒性出血性敗血癥病毒、鱖魚彈狀病毒、胭脂魚彈狀病毒和白斑狗魚幼魚彈狀病毒等；虹彩病毒科首要包含盛行性造血器官壞死癥病毒、傳染性脾腎壞死病毒、淋巴囊腫病毒、日本鰻鱺虹彩病毒、鱸魚虹彩病毒、真鯛虹彩病毒和白鱘虹彩病毒等；皰疹病毒科首要包含錦鯉皰疹病毒、鯉魚痘瘡病毒、斑駁叉尾鮰病毒

12、、鮭魚皰疹病毒和馬蘇大馬哈魚病毒等；呼腸孤病毒科常見的有草魚呼腸孤病毒。 Have so far been reported can lead to pathogenic virus disease of fish have hundreds of common, there are more than 20 species, most belong to the Rhabdoviridae, iridoviridae and herpes simplex virus families, a few to Reoviridae, double segments of RNA virus, ad

13、enovirus, Retroviridae, Noda virus family Orthomyxoviridae. Rhabdoviridae consist primarily of spring viremia virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus, Chinese sucker rhabdovirus and juvenile Esox lucius rhabdovirus; iridoviridae mainly includes the prevalence of hematopoietic organ necrosis virus, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, Lymphocystis Disease Virus, Japanese eel iridovirus iridovirus, perch, bream iridovirus and white sturgeon iridovirus; Herpe