普寧僑中林柔宏必修II精品課件被動語態(tài)

1、1.The 2012 Olympics wil be held in London.2.A new village for the atheltes and all the stadiums willbe built to the east of London.被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞所表示的動作承受者。I (invite) to the concert yesterday.(2)The car (not；make) in China. this library (build) in the 1960s(4)這個足球隊是什么時候時候建立的？ the fooball team ?（5） las

2、t night?昨晚什么被偷了？was invitedwas not madeWasbuiltWhen was set upWhat was stolenI.I.被動語態(tài)句式被動語態(tài)句式1.肯定句式肯定句式:主語主語+be+過去分詞過去分詞+2。否定式句式：主語。否定式句式：主語+be+not+過去分詞過去分詞+3.一般疑問句：一般疑問句：Be+主語主語+過去分詞過去分詞+?4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句：疑問副詞（疑問副詞（不作主語不作主語）+be+主語主語+過去分詞過去分詞+? (2)疑問代詞（作主語）疑問代詞（作主語）+be+過去分詞過去分詞+?(1)電腦可能明天才能修好。The compu

3、ter by tomorrow.(2) 這些書禁止帶出閱覽室。These books out of the reading room.(3)所有的房間都要整理好嗎？ all the rooms ?(4) my computer ?我的電腦什么時候能修好？ might be repairedmustnt be taken Shouldbe tidied upWhen canbe repaired謂語部分含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的肯定句在be前加情態(tài)動詞，否定句則在情態(tài)動詞后加not,疑問句把情態(tài)動詞提至主語前。II.被動語態(tài)各種時態(tài)形式The little boy (call) Alvais ca

4、lled1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：am/is/are+過去分詞I （bring up) by my aunt.was brought up2.一般過去時被動語態(tài)：was/were+過去分詞The problem (discuss)at tomorrows meeting.is going to be discussed I (given)a chance to play in this game again.shall be givenWhen the work (finish)?willbe finishedThe final exam (hold) on January 15.is to

5、held3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：will/shall/be going to/ be to +be+過去分詞 the accident now (look into調(diào)查）？Isbeing looking into4.現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)：am/is/are+being+過去分詞過去分詞The car (repaire) when you meant to drive it away. was being repaire5.過去進行時的被動語態(tài)：was/were+being +過去分詞運動會已經(jīng)推遲到下周五了嗎？ the sports meeting until next

6、 Friday?Hasbeen put off6.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：has/have+been+過去分詞The fire (put out熄滅 ）before firefighters arrived?had been put out 7.過去完成時的被動語態(tài)：過去完成時的被動語態(tài)：had+been+過去分詞：過去分詞：All the photos (develop使顯影 ) by tomorrow?will have been developed8.一般將來完成時的被動語態(tài)：will/shall have been +過去分詞We cant do it in a day.- .It ca

7、nt be done in a day(by us)1.主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語結(jié)構賓語結(jié)構 這種結(jié)構在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，原來的賓語為為被動句的主語，原來的謂語變?yōu)椤癰e+過去分詞”形式，原來的主語在被動句中由by引出，有時可省略。III.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換He sent me an e-mail./He sent an e-mail to me .- .- .An e-mail was sent to me by himI was sent an e-mail by himShe made me a nice cake./She made a nice cake for me .- .A

8、 nice cake was made for me by her.(1)轉(zhuǎn)換為帶有介詞轉(zhuǎn)換為帶有介詞to 結(jié)構結(jié)構可以這樣轉(zhuǎn)換的動詞主要有可以這樣轉(zhuǎn)換的動詞主要有give,send,take,bring等。等。(1)轉(zhuǎn)換為帶有介詞轉(zhuǎn)換為帶有介詞for 結(jié)構結(jié)構可以這樣轉(zhuǎn)換的動詞主要有可以這樣轉(zhuǎn)換的動詞主要有buy,make,find,get等。等。2.”主語主語+謂語謂語+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語“這種結(jié)構變被動語態(tài)，一般可將兩個賓語中任何一個賓語作為被動語態(tài)的主語。We asked Jenny to sing another song- .Jenny was asked to s

9、ing another song.3.”主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語+賓語補足語賓語補足語”結(jié)構結(jié)構這種結(jié)構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應將主動句中的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語。They say Mary is a kind but strict teacher.- .- .It is said that Mary is a kind but strict teacherMay is said to be a kind but strict teacher4.賓語為從句的主、被動轉(zhuǎn)換賓語為從句的主、被動轉(zhuǎn)換常用形式主語it替代被動句的主語，變?yōu)椤癐t be+過去分詞+原來賓語從句” 還可以“s

10、b/sth.be+過去分詞+to do/be”結(jié)構People believe that Jim never tells lies- .- .It is believed that Jim never tells lies.Jim is believed never to tell lies此類動詞除 say,believe 外，還有consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等Keep the book where it is .- .Let the book be kept where it is .肯定結(jié)構：Le

11、t+賓語+be+過去分詞”Dont release the news.- .- .Dont let the news be released.Let the news not be released.否定結(jié)構：1.Dont +let+賓語+be+過去分詞 2.Let+賓語+not be+過去分詞5.祈使句被動語態(tài)祈使句被動語態(tài)The commander ordered the soldier to bomb the bridge.- .- .The soldier was ordered to bomb the bridge.The bridge was ordered to be bombe

12、d6.雙重被動結(jié)構雙重被動結(jié)構雙重結(jié)構）這種結(jié)構是指句中謂語動詞和其后非謂語動詞（如：to do sth. )均為被動結(jié)構。The government carried out a policy.- .A new policy was carried out (1)及物動詞及物動詞+副詞副詞”型型這類短語如pick up ,work out ,find out ,carry out 等變成被動語態(tài)時，可直接把賓語為成主語，然后把短語動詞變成被動形式即可The police have looked into this accident.- .This accident has been look

13、ed into (2) 不及物動詞不及物動詞+介詞介詞這類短語如 look after, , break into ,look into (作“調(diào)查”有被動語態(tài) ）7.謂語為短語動詞的主、被動轉(zhuǎn)換謂語為短語動詞的主、被動轉(zhuǎn)換We should pay attention to the following problems.- .- .The following problems should be paid attention to Attention should be paid to the following problems(3)”動詞+副詞+介詞“或”動詞+名詞+介詞“型這類短語大多

14、能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z動形式，如look down upon(輕視），do away with(廢除；弄死），take care of (關心，照顧），make use of (利用），make efforts over(努力），play a part in (起作用），pay attentionto(注意）等。有時可把”動詞+名詞+介詞“結(jié)構中的”名詞”變成被動語態(tài)的主語。He hasnt done anything until this morning.- has been done until this morning.Nothing8.當當anybody,anything 等不定式代詞作否定句的

15、賓語等不定式代詞作否定句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應將其變?yōu)樽優(yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應將其變?yōu)閚obody和和nothing作為被作為被動句的主語，而把被動句的謂語動詞為為肯定形式。動句的主語，而把被動句的謂語動詞為為肯定形式。She made me stand for 2 hours.- .I was made to stand for 2 hours9.感官動詞（感官動詞（see,watch,notice,hear,feel等）和使役動詞等）和使役動詞（make,have等）等）用在主動句中，后面常接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要加上to.V. 被動語態(tài)的注意事項被動語態(tài)的注意事項

16、1.主動形式表示被動意義You idea (sound) great.The clothe (feel) smoothShe (look) young for age.The dish (taste) delicious.soundsfeelslookstastes（1）某些連系動詞，如 sound,taste,feel,look,appear,smell,seem,prove等，可用主動形式表示被動意義The door (lock)easily.The cloth (wash)well.The pen (write) smoothly.The book doesnt (sell) well.

17、lockswasheswritessells(2) 有些動詞（其主語大多指物）可以表達被動意義1）這類動詞可用來表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能，如lock, shut,open,read, writes,sell,wash,clean,draw,cut, translate等，在句子中常用主動形式表示被動意義。這種詞后常有副詞。The war (break out) in 1937.The meeting (take place) next Monday.改錯：The story was happened in the 1980s.Heavy rains was occurred during

18、a summer monsoon(季風）broke outtakes place2)某些動詞表示”發(fā)生”的動詞（短語），如happen,take place,occur,break out,burst out 等沒有被動語態(tài)，但其意義中包含被動概念Your application for this post is (在考慮）。under considerationThe project is (由負責） a Japanese expert.in the charge of 3）有些介詞短語（under discussion,under control,under construction,un

19、dre repairs, under consideration,in charge of )作表語，其主動形式含有被動意義。The old man is difficult to be dealed with deal（3）動詞不定式前有形容詞light,hard, heavy, easy,difficult,expensive,fit,nice,interesting,dangerous,bitter等，且與句子主語構成動賓關系時，用主動形式表被動意義。This is a hard question (回答）.to answer （4）在“This /That is +名詞” 的句型中，修

20、飾表語的不定式 用主動形式表被動意義。I have a lot of work .(do)to do（5）作定語用的不定式的邏輯主語在句中作主語或賓語時， 用主動形式表被動意義。改錯：A manager should be possessed honesty,braveryand creativity. possess1）謂語動詞為某些狀態(tài)動詞時，如have,own,possess,want時，不可用被動句。不管發(fā)生什么，我們都應當相互幫助。- .We should help each other whatever happens.你可以隨便吃點魚。- .You can help yourse

21、lf to some fish.我們及時趕到了車站。- .We reached the station in time.The workers demanded pay(加薪水）to get a higher Richard enjoys (listen)to music while working.listening2)當句子賓語是反身代詞、相互代詞、表示地點的名詞、不定式短語、動詞的-ing形式等時，一般不能變成被動句。This window Kate yesterday. 這窗戶是凱特昨天打破的。 This glass . 這塊玻璃是破的。（1）被動語態(tài)的過去分詞多強調(diào)動作，系表結(jié)構中過去）被動語態(tài)的過去分詞多強調(diào)動作，系表結(jié)構中過去分詞，相當形容詞，多強調(diào)狀態(tài)。分詞，相當形容詞，多強調(diào)狀態(tài)。VI 被動語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構的區(qū)別被動語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構的區(qū)別is brokenwas broken by(被動語態(tài)，表示動作)(系表結(jié)構，表示目前的狀態(tài))I by the teachers joke.老師的笑話使我很感興趣She in maths.她開始對數(shù)學感興趣。 The unfinished .這項工作依然末完成。was interestedbecame interestedwork remained（2）被動語態(tài)一般由）被動語態(tài)