高中情態(tài)動詞講解與練習(xí)廣圖鐘祥春

1、高中情態(tài)動詞精講與解析 課前小測 1. I wish to go home now, _.I?A. may B. can't C. must D. do2. He must have finished his homework, _he?A. mustn't B. didn't C. needn't D. hasn't3. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn't. Whose _.it be?A. must B. can C. may D. might4. He didn't do well in t

2、he exam. He _.hard at his lessons.A. must have worked B. ought to have workedC. would have worked D. has worked5. I wonder how he_. that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say6. Mr Baker, a number of students want to see you. _ they waithere or outside?A. Should B.

3、 Will C. Shall D. Are7. It's still early, you_.A. mustn't hurry B. wouldn't hurry C. may not hurry D. don't have to hurry8. I _.give you an answer tomorrow. I promise!A. must B. will C. may D. shall9. As a soldier, you _.do as the head tells you.A. will B. shall C. may D. ought10. Th

4、e streets are all dry. It_ during the night.A. can't have rained B. must have rained C. couldn't rain D. shouldn't have rained 一 概 說助動詞主要有兩類：基本助動詞和情態(tài)助動詞。1.基本助動詞有三個：do, have和be；2.情態(tài)助動詞有13個, 常見用法如下：can, could; 能夠（表能力）；可能（表推測，可能性較大）；可以（表允許）may, might; 可能（表推測，可能性較?。?可以（表允許）will, would; 表意愿，

5、決心shall, should; 應(yīng)該must, 必須，（主觀）；一定（表推測）；need,需要 ；dare敢, have to（半助動詞）不得不，（客觀）, ought to應(yīng)該. 情態(tài)助動詞用法：總的來說，有情態(tài)功能（語氣的強弱）和推測功能（可能性的大?。挥迷谙祫釉~be和主動詞前；后面+動詞原形；否定，直接加not (dont have to-didnt have to)；在疑問句和倒裝句中，須提前。上述兩類助動詞的共同特征是，在協(xié)助主動詞構(gòu)成限定動詞詞組時，具有作用詞的功能：1） 構(gòu)成否定式： He didn't go and neither did she. The meet

6、ing might not start until 5 o'clock.2） 構(gòu)成疑問式或附加疑問式： Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?3） 構(gòu)成修辭倒裝： Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.4） 代替限定動詞詞組： A: Who can solve this crossw

7、ord puzzle? B: Tom can. A: Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do.二情態(tài)助動詞的特征基本助動詞與情態(tài)助動詞最主要的區(qū)別之一是，基本助動詞本身沒有詞義，而情態(tài)助動詞則有自己的詞義，能表示說話人對有關(guān)動作或狀態(tài)的看法，或表示主觀設(shè)想： What have you been doing since? （構(gòu)成完成進行體，本身無詞義） I am afraid I must be going. （一定要） You may have read some account of the matter. （或許已經(jīng)） 除此之外，情態(tài)助動詞還有如下詞法和句法特征

8、：1） 除ought和used以外，其他情態(tài)動詞后面只能接不帶to的不定式。 如果我們把ought to和used to看做是固定詞組的話，那么，所有情態(tài)動詞無一例外地只能接不帶to的不 定式(即情態(tài)助動詞后+動詞原形)： We used to grow beautiful roses. I asked if he would come and repair my television set.2） 情態(tài)助動詞在限定動詞詞組總是位居第一： They need not have been punished so severely.3） 情態(tài)助動詞用于第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時的時候，沒有詞形變化，即其詞

9、尾無-s形式： She dare not say what she thinks.4） 情態(tài)動詞沒有非限定形式，即沒有不定式、-ing分詞和-ed分詞形式： Still, she needn't have run away.5） 情態(tài)助動詞的“時”的形式并不是時間區(qū)別的主要標志。在不少場合，情態(tài)助動詞的現(xiàn)在時和過去時形式都可以表示現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)頃r間： Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it.6） 情態(tài)助動詞之間是相互排斥的，即在一個

10、限定動詞詞組中只能出現(xiàn)一個情態(tài)助動詞，但有時卻可以與have和be基本助動詞連用： You should have washed the wound. Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.三.情態(tài)助動詞的意義和用法 情態(tài)助動詞從最普通的意義上來說，是修飾分句意義的一種方式，它可以反映說話者對其表述是否真實和可能的程度作出判斷。但不同的情態(tài)助動詞本身所包含的意義和用法又不同，下面逐個分析。1） can和could的用法1. 表示能力或客觀可能性，還可以表示請求和允許。如： Can you finish this work tonight? Man

11、 cannot live without air. Can I go now? Yes, you can.注意：could也可表示請求，預(yù)期委婉，主要用于疑問句，不可用于肯定句，答語應(yīng)用can（即could不能用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的簡略答語中）。如： Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. （否定答語可用No, I'm afraid not.）can表示能力時，還可用be able to代替。如： I'll not be able to come this afternoon.2. “can(could) + have + 過去分

12、詞”的疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。如： He can not have been to that town. Can he have got the book?2） may和might的用法1. 表示許可。表示請求、允許時，might比many的語氣更委婉一些，否定回答時要用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如： You may drive the car. Might I use your pen? No, you mustn't.用May I . 征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣。在日?？谡Z中，用Can I . 征詢對方

13、意見在現(xiàn)代口語中更為常見。2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed!3. 表示推測、可能（疑問句不能用于此意）。 He may be very busy now.4. “may(might) + have + 過去分詞”表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的推測。如： He may not have finished the work.3） must和have to的用法1. 表示必須、必要。如： You must come in time.回答must引出的問句時，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。 Mu

14、st we hand in our exercise books today? Yes, you must. (No, you dont have to.)2. “must be + 表語”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測，它的否定或疑問式用can代替must。 This must be your pen.3. “must + have + 過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)常用在肯定句中，表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的推測。它的否定或疑問式用can代替must。 He must have been to Shanghai.4. have to的含義與must相似，兩者往往可以互換使用，但have to有各種形式，隨have的變化而定。

15、must與have to有下列幾點不同： must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而have to則往往強調(diào)客觀需要。如： The play is not interesting. I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. must一般只表現(xiàn)在，have則有更多的時態(tài)形式。 二者的否定意義不大相同。如： You mustn't go. 你可不要去。 You don't have to go. 你不必去。 詢問對方的意愿時應(yīng)用must。如： Must I clean all the room?4） dare和nee

16、d的用法1. need表示“需要”或“必須”，作情態(tài)動詞時，僅用于否定句或疑問句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如： You neednt come so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must.注意：needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事”。如： You needn't have waited for me.2. Dare作情態(tài)動詞時，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如： How dare you say

17、 I'm unfair. He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?3. Dare和need常用作實義動詞，有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，所不同的是，作實義動詞時，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接帶to的不定式，在否定和疑問句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。如： I dare to swim across this river. He does not dare (to) answer. Don't you dare (to) touch it! I wondered he dare (to) sa

18、y that. He needs to finish it this evening.5） shall和should的用法1. Shall用于第一人稱，表示征求對方的意愿。如： What shall we do this evening?2. Shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵?。如?Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital?3. Shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。如： You shall fail if you don

19、't work harder. （警告） He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允諾） He shall be punished. （威脅）4. Should表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是ought to；在疑問句中，通常用should代替ought to。如： You should go to class right away. Should I open the window?Should的含義較多，用法較活，現(xiàn)介紹三種其特殊用法。請看下面的句子： I should think it would be better to t

20、ry it again. 我倒是認為最好再試一試。 You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞錯了。 I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是勸你別這樣做。 This is something I should have liked to ask you. 這是我本來想問你的。 從以上例句可以看出：情態(tài)動詞should用于第一人稱時可以表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。 Should還可以用在if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，表示一件事聽起來可能性很小，但也不是完全沒有可能。相當(dāng)于“萬一”的意思。從句謂語由should加動詞原形

21、構(gòu)成，主句謂語卻不一定用虛擬語氣。如： Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你萬一見到她，請讓她給我打個電話。 If you should change your mind, please let us know. 萬一你改變主意，請通知我們。 Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 萬一我明天有時間，我就來。此外，Why(or How) + should結(jié)構(gòu)表示說話人對某事不能理解，感到意外、驚異等意思。意為“竟會”。如： Why should you be so late

22、 today? 你幾天怎么來得這么晚？ Where is Betty living? 貝蒂住在哪里？ How should I know? 我怎么會知道呢？ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你憑什么認為這件事是我干的。5. “should + have + 過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示義務(wù)，表示應(yīng)該做到而實際上沒有做到，并包含一種埋怨、責(zé)備的口氣。如：She should have finished it. I should have helped her, but I never could. You should

23、 have started earlier.6） will和would的用法1. 表示請求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。如： Would you pass me the book?2. 表示意志、愿望和決心。如： I will never do that again. They asked if we would do that again.3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測，主要用于第二、三人稱。前者表示對目前情況的推測，后者表示對已經(jīng)完成的動作或事態(tài)的推測。如： This will be the book you wa

24、nt. He will have arrived by now. The guests would have arrived by that time. I thought you would have finished this by now.4. Would可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某中傾向。Would表過去習(xí)慣時比used to正式，并沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。如： The wound would not heal. During the vacation he would visit me every week.5. 表料想或猜想。如： It would be about ten w

25、hen he left home. What would she be doing there? I thought he would have told you all about it. 7） ought to的用法1. Ought to表示應(yīng)該。如： You ought to take care of him.2. 表示推測。注意與must表示推測時的區(qū)別： He must be at home by now. （斷定他已到家） He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定） This is where the oil must be. （比較直率） This i

26、s where the oil ought to be. （比較含蓄）3. “ought to + have + 過去分詞”表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實際未做。如： You ought to have asked him (but you didn't).這時，ought to和should可以互相換用。注意：在美國英語中，ought to用于否定句和疑問句時，to可以省略。如： Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn't smoke so much.8） used to，had better，would rather的用法1. Used to，過去常常

27、，表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已不存在，在間接引語中，其形式可不變。如： He told us he used to play football when he was young.在疑問句、否定句、否定疑問句或強調(diào)句中，可有兩種形式：疑問句 Did you use to go to the same school as your brother? Used you to go to the same school as your brother?否定句 I usedn't to go there. I didn't use to go there.Usedn't 亦

28、可拼作usen't，但發(fā)音皆為ju:znt。否定疑問句 Usen't you to be interested in the theatre? Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre?強調(diào)句 I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago. I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.其反意疑問句或簡略回答中，也有兩種形式： She used to be very fat, didn

29、9;t she? （正式）/ use(d)n't she? （口語） Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did. Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.)2. Had better意為“最好”，后接不帶to的不定式。如： We had better go now. Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better). Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not

30、 stop now?) I think I'd better be going. （用于進行時態(tài)，表“最好立即”） You had better have done that. （用于完成時態(tài)，表未完成動作）注：had best與had better同意，但較少用。You had better 用于同輩或小輩，對長輩不可用。3. Would rather意為“寧愿”，表選擇，后接不帶to的不定式。如： I'd rather not say anything. Would you rather work on a farm? Wouldn't you rather sta

31、y here? No, I would not. I'd rather go there.由于would rather表選擇，因而后可接than。如： I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. I would rather watch TV than go to see the film. I'd rather you didn't talk about this to anyone. （句中的'd rather不是情態(tài)動詞，would在此是表愿望的實義動詞）四情態(tài)動詞使用“七注意” 情態(tài)動詞一般沒有人稱和

32、數(shù)的變化，不能單獨作謂語，需與后面的動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。使用情態(tài)動詞時應(yīng)注意以下七點：1、表示“不能”的can't 與mustn't的區(qū)別。can't表示“不能”時，意指沒有能力；mustn't表示“不能”時，意指禁止或不允許。試比較：The old man is so tired that he _ go any farther.The baby is asleep. You _ make any noise.2、表示“必須”的must和have to的區(qū)別。must表示說話人的主觀看法；而have to則表示客觀需要。試比較：You _ finish th

33、e work today. My father _ work when he was ten years old.3、回答must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句時，如果是否定回答，一般不用mustn't，而要用needn't或 don't have to。如：Must we hand in our exercise books today?No, you _. / No, you _.4、回答表示請求的may引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句時，不可用may not，而要用mustn't，也可用can't。如：May I use your ruler?No, you _. / No,

34、you _.5、作為情態(tài)動詞，need一般不用于肯定句中，僅用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中。在肯定句中，它用作實義動詞，有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面接帶to的動詞不定式或名詞、代詞作其賓語。如： You _（沒必要）come so early. He _（需要）finish it this evening. Need I finish the work today?Yes, you _.6、在回答could引導(dǎo)的表示請求的一般疑問句時，不能用could回答，而要用can。如：Could you tell me how to get to the hospital?Of course, I

35、_.7、“May you + 動詞原形 .”，意為“祝愿”。如：May you succeed! 祝你成功！May you be happy every day！ 祝你天天快樂！五不同的“肯定”程度可按下列層次排列： He is at home. (事實) He must be at home.（非?？隙ǖ耐茢啵?He could be at home.（很可能） He ought to be at home.（很可能） He may be at home.（僅僅可能而已） He might be at home.（或許, 非常不確定） He might not be at home.（也許不

36、在家）He may not be at home. （比might可能） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家）He isn't at home.（事實）六語法講解：情態(tài)動詞的推測及虛擬用法情態(tài)動詞的推測就是指講話者使用情態(tài)動詞表示對客觀事物的主觀看法，而當(dāng)表示對客觀事物的一種主觀愿望、假設(shè)和建議時，就要用虛擬語氣。常用來表示推測和虛擬的情態(tài)動詞有can,may,could,might,should,ought to,must,need等。 下面是情態(tài)動詞表示推測及虛擬的常見用法： 1.情態(tài)動詞動詞原形，表示對

37、現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的推測。例如： I don't know where she is;she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪兒，可能在武漢。 2.情態(tài)動詞動詞現(xiàn)在進行時，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M行的情況進行推測。例如： At this moment,our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.這時，想必我們老師正在批改試卷。 3.情態(tài)動詞動詞完成時，表示對過去情況的推測。它又分以下幾種： 1)may(might)havedone sth,can(could)havedone sth.表示對過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測，表示可

38、能性程度由大到小依次為can,could,may,might。 否定句may(might)not havedone sth., can(could)not havedone sth.表示推測過去時間里不可能發(fā)生的事情。例如： Philip may(might)/can(could)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.菲利普可能在車禍中受了重傷。 Mike can't have found his car,for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克不可能找到他的車，因為他今天早上是乘公共汽車來

39、上班的。 2)must have + done sth.,對過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情的肯定推測，語氣較強，具有"肯定"，"想必"的意思。例如： The road is wet.It must have rained last night.路是濕的，昨晚一定下過雨。3)ought to havedone sth.,should have done sth.表示本應(yīng)該做某事，而事實上并沒有做。否定句oughtn't to have done sth.,shouldn't have done sth.,表示本不該做某事但卻做了。例如：You o

40、ught to(should)have been more careful in this experiment.你當(dāng)時在做試驗時應(yīng)該更仔細點。 He ought not to(shouldn't)have thrown the old clothes away.他不該把舊衣服扔了。(事實上已經(jīng)扔了。) 4)needn't havedone sth.表示本沒有必要做某事，但卻做了。例如： I dressed very warmly for the trip,but I needn't have done so.The weather was hot.這次旅行，我穿得衣服

41、較多，其實沒有必要。那時天很熱。 4.情態(tài)動詞動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示對過去一直在做的事情的推測。例如： Your mother must have been looking for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。 虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣表示說話人的意愿、假設(shè)、猜測或建議。虛擬語氣不表示客觀存在的事實，謂語動詞用特殊的形式表示虛擬語氣。1 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反時的謂語形式。從句主句過去式 (be和were)would (should、could)+ 動詞原形例如：If Tom were hungry, he would eat the bread. (In fact, Tom isnt

42、hungry.)2 表示與過去事實相反的謂語形式。從句主句had + 過去分詞would (should、could) + have +過去分詞例如：If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the early bus. (In fact, I didnt catch the bus.)3 表示與將來事實相反的謂語形式。 從句主句動詞過去式should + 動詞原形were to + 動詞原形would (should、could) + 動詞原形例如：If they came tomorrow, we would told them

43、 about it. (In fact, they wont come tomorrow。)4 動詞wish后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞可用過去式、過去完成式或would、might加原形。例如：I wish I were as strong as you.He wished I would stay with us.She wished I had attended the meeting yesterday.5 在有些動詞如：suggest、insist、order等動詞后，從句謂語動詞用“should + 動詞原形”，should可以省略。例如：He suggested that we (s

44、hould) discuss the problem right now.6 在有些句型中如：It is important (necessary、natural、strange等) + that從句中的謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形，should可以省略。例如：It is necessary that the doctor (should) be sent there at once.7 在It is time that, I would rather that句式中從句謂語動詞用過去式。例如：It is time we went to bed.I would rather he ca

45、me next week.七情態(tài)動詞的變化：（一）情態(tài)動詞could，以work為例)1.簡單型(Simple)：表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臓顟B(tài) I could work (動詞不可加 to ，如：to work。下同) you could work he could work she could work it could work we could work they could work2 .完成式型 (Perfect)：表示過去的狀態(tài) I could have worked (動詞是 have + v-ed 過去分詞。下同) you could have worked he could have

46、 worked she could have worked it could have worked we could have worked they could have worked3. 進行式型 (Continuous)：表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)磉€在進行的狀態(tài)I could be working (動詞是be + v-ing 現(xiàn)在分詞。下同) you could be working he could be working she could be working it could be working we could be working they could be working4. 完成

47、進行式型 (Perfect Continuous)：表示過去正在進行的狀態(tài) I could have been working (動詞是 have been + v-ing 現(xiàn)在分詞。下同) you could have been working he could have been working she could have been working it could have been working we could have been working they could have been working(二).情態(tài)動詞的疑問句：只要將情態(tài)動詞移到主語(Subject)的前面，句尾

48、加上問號。這樣就成了疑問句。1. She can work.(主語she, 情態(tài)動詞 can，動詞 work) Can she work ? (這就是疑問句）2. He would be working. (主語he, 情態(tài)動詞 would，動詞 be working) Would he be working ?3. They should have worked. (主語they, 情態(tài)動詞should, 動詞have worked) Should they have worked ?4. I could have been working. (主語 I, 情態(tài)動詞 could, 動詞 ha

49、ve beenworking) Could I have been working ?(三).情態(tài)動詞的否定句：在情態(tài)動詞的后面加上 not 就成了情太動詞否定句。1. She can work. She cannot work. (注意：can 和 not 須連在一起）(這就是否定句)2. He would be working. He would not be working. (would not)3. They should have worked. They should not have worked. (should not)4. I could have been workin

50、g. I could not have been working. (could not)(四)>在口語中，否定情態(tài)動詞的縮寫法：1. cannot - can't2. could not - couldn't3. might not - mightn't (很少用)4. must not - mustn't5. shall not - shan't (幾乎沒人用了)6. should not - shouldn't7. will not - won't (可不是 win't 喔！)8. would not - wouldn

51、't(五).情態(tài)動詞的否定疑問句：將否定情態(tài)動詞移到主語的前面，就成了否定疑問句。1. Can she not work ? 或 Can't she work ? 2. Would he not be working ? 或 Wouldn't he be working ?3. Should they not have worked ? 或 Shouldn't they have worked ?4. Could I not have been working ? 或 Couldn't I have been working ?（六.情態(tài)動詞的反問句：1

52、. She can work. 反問句：She can work, can't she ?2. He would be working. 反問句：He would be working, wouldn't he ?3. They should have worked. 反問句：They should have worked, shouldn'tthey ?4. I could have been working. 反問句：I could have been working, couldn'tI ?八精典名題導(dǎo)解下面以分析典型例句來學(xué)習(xí)情態(tài)動詞的推測及虛擬用法。

53、題1：Mary's score on the test is the highest in her class;she have studied very hard. A.may B.should C.must D.ought to 正確答案為C。譯文：瑪麗考試成績?nèi)嗟谝?，她學(xué)習(xí)一定很刻苦?？崭窈蟮膭釉~用的是完成式，表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作。結(jié)合選項可知，空格中要填入一個情態(tài)動詞，表示說話人對瑪麗考試能取得好成績原因的推測。A項表示對過去發(fā)生的事的可能性的推測，意思是"瑪麗可能學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦"，B項和D項表示本該做某事但卻沒做，意思為"瑪麗本應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦&quo

54、t;。只有C項符合題意。 題2：With all this work on hand ,he to the cinema last night. A.mustn't go B.oughtn't to go C.wouldn't go D.shouldn't have gone 正確答案為D。譯文：他手頭有這么多工作，昨晚不該去看電影。本句表達的是昨天已經(jīng)發(fā)生但卻不該發(fā)生的事情，所以應(yīng)該用情態(tài)動詞should的否定式，后接動詞的完成式。 題3：You her in her office last Friday;she's been out of town

55、for two weeks. A.needn't have seen B.must have seen C.might have seen D.can't have seen 正確答案為D。譯文：上星期五你不可能在她辦公室見到她，她去外地已經(jīng)兩個星期了。選項A表示本沒有必要做某事，但卻做了，如選A意思是"你已見著她了"；選項B表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的肯定推測，如選B意思是"你一定已經(jīng)看到她了"；選項C表示對過去可能發(fā)生的事情的推測，如選C意思是"你可能看到她了"，而根據(jù)后半句意思"她已經(jīng)去外地兩個星期了"來推測只有選項D符合題意。 題4：You all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing. A.needn't have done B.shouldn't have done C.must not have done D.cannot have done 正確答案為A。譯文：你沒有必要把全部計算都做了，這類計算我們用計算機來做。選項B表示本不該做的事，但卻做了，選B意思為"你本不應(yīng)該做了全部計算"，含有責(zé)備的含義。選項C意思為"