初三英語中考復習-賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句講解及練習

1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質參考資料，若有不當之處，請指正。 初三英語中考復習- 賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句講解及練習 一 狀語從句復習1. 時間狀語從句 在句中相當于時間狀語的從句叫時間狀語從句, 常由as soon as, when, while, as, after, before, since, ever since, until, every time, each time, next time等引導。As soon as you arrive, give me a phone call. 你一到就給我來電話.Mary was reading when I left. 我走的時候瑪麗正在讀書.

2、While I played the piano, sister did her homework. 我在談鋼琴,姐姐在做功課.You cant leave until you go through with your work. 不完成這項工作你不能走。注意: 1. 用until引導時間狀語從句時, 主句應用可持續(xù)性動詞,如果主句是非持續(xù)性動詞,則主句用否定形式. 如:I wont go until you come back. 你回來了我再走. 2. 在時間狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時, 用一般過去時表示過去將來時. 如:Dont forget to bring your DV

3、4000 camera here when you come. 你來的時候別忘了帶DV4000攝像機. 3. 在由since 引導的時間狀語從句中,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時,從句用一般過去時. 也可用 “It is + 一段時間 + since (引導一般過去時的從句)”句型. 如:He has worked in that company since he graduated from Wuhan University. 他畢業(yè)以來就一直在那個公司工作.2.地點狀語從句在句中相當于地點狀語的從句叫地點狀語從句.引導地點狀語從句的常用詞有 where, anywhere, somewhere等.Mak

4、e marks where you have questions. 在有問題的地方作出標記.You can go anywhere you like. 你可以到你想去的任何地方.Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成.3. 原因狀語從句在句中相當于原因狀語的從句叫原因狀語從句. 引導原因狀語從句的常用詞有because, as, since, for 等.Roman was absent from school because he was ill. 羅曼病了, 沒有上學.As Parker was in a hurry, he left t

5、his bag home. 由于派克太匆忙才把包丟家里了.Since everyone makes mistakes, you shouldnt always criticize him. 既然每個人都會犯錯誤, 你不該總是批評他。4. 目的狀語從句在句中相當于目的狀語的從句叫目的狀語從句. 常用in order that, so that引導, 譯為 “為了,以致, 以便”.Rhonda spoke very slowly in order that we could follow. 朗達講話很慢, 以便我們大家都能跟上.Well sit in the front of the hall s

6、o that we can hear more clearly. 我們坐在大廳的前面，以便聽得更清.5. 結果狀語從句在句中相當于結果狀語的從句叫結果狀語從句.常用來引導結果狀語從句的引導詞或短語有so that, sothat, such that等, 譯為 “如此以致于”, “結果”.Miss Gao is so kind that we all respect her. 高老師很和藹，我們都很尊敬她.This was such fine music that it was worth listening to twice. 這音樂太好了, 值得聽兩遍.6. 條件狀語從句在句中相當于條件狀

7、語的從句叫條件狀語從句. 常用來引導條件狀語從句的連詞有if, unless, as/so long as, once等.If you correct all your mistakes, your work is nice. 如果你能把所有的錯誤改正, 你的工作就很出色.As long as you promise to go, Ill surely go. 只要你答應去, 我當然去.Once you begin, you must continue. 你一旦開始，便不可停下來.You cannot succeed unless you work hard. 如果不努力， 你是不會成功的.注

8、意: 由if 引導的條件狀語從句,不管主句是用一般將來時還是一般現(xiàn)在時,或當主句是祈使句時, 從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時; 主句是過去將來時, 從句用一般過去時.If the weather is fine tomorrow, well go hiking. 明天天氣好的話, 我們就去徒步旅行.7. 讓步狀語從句在句中相當于讓步狀語的從句叫讓步狀語從句, 常用的引導詞有though, although, even though, even if, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, whosever, whenever, wherever, however

9、等.Although/ Though Toby works very hard, (yet) she makes very slow progress. 盡管托比很努力,但進步還是不大。Even though/ if you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你這么說，我也不信.Whatever you do, you should do it well. 不管做什么事, 都要做好.8. 比較狀語從句用來進行比較的狀語從句叫比較狀語從句,常用來引導比較狀語從句的連詞有asas, not as/so as, than等.Carol speaks English as

10、well as you do.卡羅爾英語說得和你一樣好.He does not run so fast as his brother. 他不如他弟弟跑得快.Burton was more successful than we had expected. 伯頓比我們想象的要成功得多.9. 方式狀語從句在句中用作方式狀語的從句叫方式狀語從句, 常用來引導方式狀語從句的連詞主要有as, as if, as though等.You should do as I tell you. 你應當按我告訴你懂得去做.It looks as if/ as though it is going to rain. 看

11、來要下雨了.練習1. If it sunny tomorrow, I fishing in South Lake. A. is, go B. will be, go C. is, will go D. will be, will go2. Im sorry to hear that Bill failed exam again. -Dont worry about him. Im sure that he will never give up until he . A. succeed B. succeeds C. succeeded3. Lucy, what about going camp

12、ing if it tomorrow? -Sounds great! A. didnt rain B. doesnt rain C. wont rain D. hasnt rain4. There is going to a sports meeting next week. If it , well have to cancel it. A. be, will rain B. have, will rain C. be, rains5. Could you please tell Peter that I want to talk to him? -Sure. I will let him

13、know as soon as he back. A. comes B. came C. has come D. will come6. You do much better youre more careful with your spelling. A. if B. before C. although D. unless7. Peter was tired that he couldnt continue running. A. very B. too C. so8. It was snowing hard, we had to stay at home and watch TV. A.

14、 that B. so C. but D. because9. Why did you come to school late this morning? - I watched the Football World Cup until 12 oclock last night. A. If B. Because C. Since D. though10. My grandma didnt go to sleep I got back home. A. where B. until C. as soon as D. while11. Mary, what about going boating

15、 if it tomorrow? -Good idea. A. not rain B. will rain C. doesnt rain D. wont rain12. Ask your friend to call me back as soon as she back tomorrow. A. will come B. comes C. coming13. Jack, you look tired today. Whats wrong? -I was busy I didnt go to bed until midnight yesterday. A. too, to B. enough,

16、 to C. so, that D. such, that14. Tell him about the news when he , John. Yes, I will. A. comes B. will come C. would come D. is coming15. I tried to call you I heard from him, but you were not in. A. since B. while C. until D. as soon as16. It ten years since we last in Beijing. A. was, met B. has b

17、een, met C. was, meet D. is, meet17. None of us knew what had happened we heard the news on radio. A. after B. until C. when18. Mrs Shute wouldnt leave the TV set, her children were waiting for their supper. A. if B. because C. even though D. as soon as二 賓語從句復習要點 學習賓語從句,我們應該注意三個方面：連接詞、語序和時態(tài)。一、連接詞 1.

18、 that引導賓語從句時,that只起連接作用,不充當句子成分,也沒有詞義,?？墒÷?。如:I know(that) he is a Canadian athlete. 2. whether或if引導賓語從句時,whether或if在句中不充當句子成分,意為“是否”,不可省略。如:I dont know whether/ if my parents agree with me. 注意:與or not直接連用時只能用whether不可用if。如:He didnt say whether or not he would be staying here.3. what, who, whose, whi

19、ch等連接代詞和when, where, how, why等連接副詞引導賓語從句時,這些詞在從句中充當一定的句子成分,都有各自的詞義,不能省略。如:He didnt understand what the teacher said. I dont know when we will have a meeting. 二、語序1. 在含有賓語從句的復合句中,賓語從句須用陳述句語序。如:Do you know where he lives? 2. 當主句的謂語動詞是 think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等詞時,賓語從句中的否定詞常常轉移到主句

20、中,譯為漢語時,仍把從句翻譯成否定的意思。否定轉移句的主語一般是第一人稱。如:I dont think (that) Tom is wrong. 我認為湯姆沒錯。三、時態(tài)1. 當主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或一般將來時的時候,賓語從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要使用各種時態(tài)。但如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時,賓語從句的謂語動詞也必須使用相應的過去時態(tài)。如:I want to know how he came yesterday. She asked if he was leaving for Beijing soon. 2. 賓語從句表述的是客觀事實或普遍真理時,不管主句的謂語動詞是什么時態(tài),賓語從句仍使

21、用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:The teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth. 用法注意一、if和when既能引導賓語從句,又能引導狀語從句。因此,一定要認清它們一種形式的“兩副面孔”,從而準確地判斷句子的類型。如:I dont know if / when he will come tomorrow. (賓語從句) If / When he comes, Ill tell you about it.(狀語從句)二、 賓語從句與簡單句 含有賓語從句的復合句有時可以變?yōu)楹唵尉?。該知識點在句型轉換的題型中經常會作為考點出現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)歸納如下:1. 在

22、某些由疑問詞(why除外)引導的賓語從句的復合句中,當從句的主語與主句的主語一致時,原復合句可以變?yōu)楹唵尉??！咀兎ā堪奄e語從句轉換為“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構作主句謂語動詞的賓語。如:I want to know how I can open the door.I want to know how to open the door. 2. 在某些由疑問詞(why除外)引導的賓語從句的復合句中,當從句的主語與主句謂語動詞的間接賓語一致時,原復合句可以變?yōu)楹唵尉??！咀兎ā堪奄e語從句轉換為“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構作主句謂語動詞的復合賓語。如:Could you tell me how I can

23、get to the post office?Could you tell me how to get to the post office?3. 在某些由that引導的賓語從句的復合句中,當從句的主語與主句的主語不一致時,原復合句可以變?yōu)楹唵尉?。【變法】原復合句可變?yōu)椤爸髡Z+謂語+賓語+賓補”的句型。如: We found that the boy was very clever.We found the boy very clever. I saw that they were playing basketball there. I saw them playing basketball

24、there.Exercises1.I want to know_the day after tomorrow.A.what he will do B.what will he do C.what he did D.what did he do2.-Could you please tell me_? -Its next to the post office.A.where is the supermarket. B.where the supermarket isC. where was the supermarket D.where the supermarket was3.No one c

25、an be sure_in a million years.A.what man looks like B.what will man look likeC.man will look like what D.what man will look like4.-Could you tell me_tomorrow morning? -Well,it will start at 9:00 oclock.A.when the meeting will start B.where will the meeting startC.where the meeting starts D.when the

26、meeting would start5.-Could you tell me how long_the book? -Three days.A. I can keep B.Can I borrow C.I can borrow D.can I keep6.Liu Lings mother wanted to know_.A.if she studied hard at school B.how did she study at schoolC.what did she study at school7.Excuse me,could you please tell me which gate

27、_?A.we have to go to B.we had to go to C.do we have to go to D.did we have to go to8.Can you describe_?A.what your friend is like B.how your friend is likeC.what does your friend look like D.how your friend looks like9.-Can you make sure_? -Sorry,I cant.But I did see her just now.A.where did she go

28、B.where she had gone C.where she has gone D.where will she go10.He asked his classmate where_.A.does his teacher see the film B.his teacher saw the filmC.did his teacher see the film11.-By the way,do you know the National Spelling Bee? -No,I never heard of it. Tell me_,please.A.what is it B.what it

29、is C. it is what D.is it what12.Our teacher asked me_.A.what was Ann doing these days B.why Peter didnt come to school yesterdayC.when will the dolphin show begin D.how long I usually spend on my homework13.“Excuse me,do you know _?” “Sorry,I dont know.”A.where is No.1 Middle School B.where No.1 Mid

30、dle School isC.No.1 Middle School is where D.No.1 Middle School where is14.-How does she come to school? -Pardon? -I asked how _ to school.A.did she come B.she came C.does she come15.Do you know _ this time yesterday?A.what she is cooking B.what is she cookingC.what she was cooking D.what was she co

31、oking16.The teacher asked Lucy_. A.where does she come from B.what did she like best C.if she could speak Chinese D.when was she born17.Dont worry.Ill tell Mr.Green_he comes back. A.when B.how C.why D.where18.-We can use MSN to talk with each other on the Internet. -Really? Will you please show me_?

32、 A.how can I use B.how I can use C.how can I use it D.how I can use it19.The foreigner asked me_ I could speak English. A.if B.what C.that20.The shoes are neither cheap nor comfortable. I cant understand_ women like buying them. A.why B.when C.whether D.how 初中英語定語從句講解及練習一.定語從句及相關術語 1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的

33、從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞成為關系詞  關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；  關系副詞有where, when, why等。  關系詞常有3個作用：1，引導定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔當一個成分。二.關系代詞引導的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2) Yesterd

34、ay I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.    注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. w

35、hich指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時，相當于who 或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. 

36、(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the

37、door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三.介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句     關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關系代詞引導 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.&#

38、160;(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. 

39、(6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或

40、者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關系代詞是所有格時用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) (2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)  (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

41、 3.“介詞+關系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞 (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of  which have gone bad. (3) There are forty students in our class in all, most

42、of whom are from big cities.解答"介詞+關系代詞 "類型的定語從句題時，關鍵在于分析定語從句中的謂語動詞（該動詞是不及物動詞）習慣上常與什么介詞搭配使用。這就需要同學們在平時學習時要注重某些不及物動詞和介詞慣用的情形，并要靈活運用。例如：In the dark street, there wasn't a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom簡析:本題定語從句中的turn 與介詞 to 構成固定短語"turn

43、to sb. for help (向某人求助）"。所以，D是正確選項。四關系副詞引導的定語從句1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived t

44、en years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.    注意：關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not

45、clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born. 關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結構，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用，例如：  There a

46、re occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？ 五限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句  限制性定語從句舉例： (1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person t

47、hat I could depend on. (2) China is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定語從句舉例： (1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同 (1) His brother who is now a doctor always encou

48、rages him to go to college.  他那當醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他還有其他的哥哥） (2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.   他的哥哥是當醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他只有一個哥哥）難點分析    （一）限制性定語從句只能用that 的幾種情況 1當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all,

49、 none, little, some 等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時 (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little that I can

50、 do for you.注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.2.  當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.  當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時 (1) This is the best film that I have seen.4.  當形容詞被the very,

51、 the only修飾時 (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/5.  當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時 (1) Who

52、is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6.  當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時 (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? （二）關系代詞as和which 引導的定語從句 as和which引導非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。(1

53、) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, a

54、s you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe. 注意：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時，常用which (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 當先行次受such, the same修飾時，常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he

55、 tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as 所引導的定語從句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。 (5) She wore the same dress as her young

56、sister wore.     她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。（三）以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導，而且通?？梢允÷?。 (1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四) but 有時也可以做關系詞引導定語從句 (1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't )(五)區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句1定語

57、從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內容，是補充說明的關系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London.     定語從句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.     同位于從句2定語從句由關系代詞或者關系副詞引導，關系詞在句中充當成分，有時可以省略；同位語從句主要由that引導，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導，充當成分 (1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so