2011年全國(guó)職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)理工類(lèi)(A級(jí))真題及答案解析(共20頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第115題，每題1分，共15分） 下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線(xiàn)，請(qǐng)為每處劃線(xiàn)部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。 1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular. A unclear B obvious C major D minor 2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced. A greatly B suddenly C generally D slight

2、ly 3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch. A instructing B notifying C pushing D inviting 4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way. A raise B pose C experience D handle 5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest. A ignored B organized C caused D received 6 Ja

3、ne said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours. A spend B take C last D stand 7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris. A energetic B happy C alone D busy 8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage. A shaking B turning C jumping D shouting 9 A young man is being hailed a he

4、ro tonight after rescuing two children. A reported B proved C praised D caught 10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse. A anxious B sure C sad D afraid 11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. A give B attach C lose D understand 12 Anders

5、on left the table, remarking that he had some work to do. A doubting Bsaying C thinking D knowing 13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source. A maintained B recommended C considered D acknowledged 14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college stu

6、dents taking science courses. A relative B general C continuous D sharp 15 She always finds fault with everything. A criticizes B simplifies C evaluates D examines 第2部分：閱讀判斷(第1622題，每題1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。 Earth Rocks On Most o

7、f the time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet. That's comforting. But it's also misleading because there's actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates) slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions

8、and billions of years. Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust, eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question. Now, an interna

9、tional group of researchers has an answer. They've found new evidence suggesting that Earth's crust (地殼) started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones. Not long before 3.8 billion years ago, lots of asteroids (小行星) were pumm

10、eling Earth, keeping its crust in a hot, molten state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planet's hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface as lava. In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenla

11、nd, in an area called the Isua supracrustal(上地殼) belt. The rocky crust there is between 3.7 and 3.8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air. The researchers recently look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock tha

12、t have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock. To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock, called magma(巖漿), flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the area cooled, formin

13、g what we see today. That explanation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under the ocean, beginning around 3.8 billion years ago. 16 The ground beneath our feet is indeed still. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 The shape of lands

14、 and oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Scientists once estimated that Earth's crust started shifting three billion years ago. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

15、 20.It took a long time for the melted crust to become hard. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21.The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22. The lsua supracrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort. A Right

16、B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第2330題，每題1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第2326題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2-5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；(2)第2730題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 The IPad 1 The IPad is a tablet computer (平板電腦) designed and developed by Apple. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as

17、books, periodicals (期刊), movies, music, and games, as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds (680 grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the IPad in April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days. 2 The IPad run

18、s the same operating system as IPod Touch and IPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for IPhone. Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store. 3 Like IPhone and iPod Touch, the IPad is controlled by a multitouch dis

19、play-a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus (觸控筆). The IPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse (瀏覽) the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data network

20、s. The devices is managed and synchronized (同步) by ITunes on a personal computer via USB cable. 4 An IPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of IPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. S

21、ome of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. One of the most common uses is for e-mail services. IPand applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts. 5 While the IPad i

22、s mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting IPads in their business offices by distributing or making available IPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health

23、records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A survey by Frost & Sullivan shows that IPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employees productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue. 23、 Paragraph 2 24、 Paragraph 3 25、 Paragraph 4 26、 Parag

24、raph 5 A Business usage B Differences from IPhone C Operating system D Online storesE Features and applications F Display and data connection 27 In April 2010 the IPad developed by Apple was . 28 The IPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not . 29 IPad applications enable the owner's e

25、mail accounts to be . 30 IPad usage in offices enables employee productivity to be . A browsed B increased C released D modifiedE distributed F personalized 第4部分：閱讀理解（第3145題，每題3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問(wèn)題，為每題確定一個(gè)最佳答案。 第一篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking? Millions of people are using

26、 cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communicationhaving a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosions around

27、the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative

28、 publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern s

29、canning (掃描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his work

30、ing week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree. What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile p

31、hone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone onl

32、y when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often 31 People buy cell phones for the foll

33、owing reasons EXCEPT that A they're popular B they're cheap C they're usefulD they're convenient 32 The world "detected" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A cured B removed C discovered D caused 33 The salesman retired young because A he disliked using mobile phones

34、B he was tired of talking on his mobile phone C he couldn't remember simple tasksD his employer's doctor persuaded him to 34 On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies A deny the existence of mobile phone radiation B develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiat

35、ionC try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to healthD hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about 35 The writer's purpose of writing this article is to advise people A to buy mobile phones B to update regular phones C to use mobile phones less oftenD to stop using mob

36、ile phones 第二篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels

37、of salt we like to eat. Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized (大力宣傳的) efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, lead investigator on the

38、 study. Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and

39、 consumption. The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals

40、who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind. "Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more sal

41、t, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food," said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more tensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at

42、least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. " However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented (發(fā)酵的)

43、, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced. Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that

44、individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color. 36 John Hayes pointed out that _. A food with less salt tastes better. B many people ne

45、ver eat low-salt food. C many people make efforts to accept low-salt food. D it is good to health to eat food without salt. 37 The fourth paragraph briefly describes_? A why the number of subjects was limited to 87. B why more male subjects were chosen than female ones. C how salty foods were made a

46、nd distributed to the subjects in the research. D how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do. 38 It is true that _. A nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters. B supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food. C nontasters consume more salt b

47、ecause they like intense tastes. D supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness. 39 Supertasters prefer high-salt cheese because _. A it is good to health. B it tastes less bitter. C it is rich in nutrition. D it has intense bitter tastes. 40 It can be inferred from

48、the last paragraph that taste acuity is _. A genetically determined. B identified with certain chemicals. C developed over time after birth. D related to one's eye and hair color. 第三篇 Calculating Crime When you think about math, you probably don't think about breaking the law, solving myster

49、ies or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals. People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal （揭示） the identity of the criminal. It's long been believed, for example, that criminals will break

50、 the law closer to where they live, simply because it's easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it

51、is that the same criminal did it. But Mike O'Leary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this kind of approach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of an offender's home base by combining these patterns with a city's layout an

52、d historical crime records. The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets - that is, the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and

53、intersections (十字路口) are. O'Leary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminal's patterns change with age. (It's bee

54、n shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime.) Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but O'Leary's uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the count

55、ry. The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. O'Leary says that criminology - the study of crime and criminals - contains a lot of good math problems. "I feel like I'm in a gold mine and I'm the only one who knows what gold looks like," he says. "It's a l

56、ot of fun." 41 Which of the following statements about math is true? A It is too difficult for the police to use in finding criminals. B Few people associate it with finding criminals. C Some criminals make use of it when committing crimes. D it has long been employed in solving crimes. 42 Peop

57、le tend to think there is a relationship between A the time of a crime and the age of the criminal. B the type of a crime and the identity of the criminal. C the pattern of a crime and the equipment of the criminal. D the location of a crime and the residence of the criminal. 43 O'Leary includes all the following information in writing his program EXCEPT A the records of past crimes. B the locations of police bureaus. C the people living in the city. D the change of a c