語法專項———賓語從句

1、語法專項賓語從句在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。1語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句， 賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序， 即 “主句連詞賓語從句（主語+謂語+）”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：1） 連接詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有：who，what ，which 等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer ， please？你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎？The small children don't know what is in their stockings 這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東 西？2） 連接

2、詞名詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose， what， which， how many， how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class 他問我們班上誰的書法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room 老師問我們房間里有多少人。3） 連接詞主語謂語。 連接詞在從句中作賓語、 狀語或表語。 常見的連接詞有： who（ m）， what， which， how many， how much， when， wh

3、y， how， where， if /whether （在句中不 充當(dāng)任何成分）等。如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi 他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？4）連接詞名詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what, which , how many, how much , how 等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪個

4、班嗎？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was .她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。2連接詞1） 當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用 that 引導(dǎo)， that 無詞義， 在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper .他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。2） 當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用if 或 whether 引導(dǎo)，意為 “是否 ”。如：I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years .我不知

5、道這么多年后他是否 還住在這兒。但在下列情況下只能用 whether： 在具有選擇意義， 又有 or 或 or not 時，尤其是直接與 or not 連用時，往往用 whethe（r if or not 也能夠使用） 。如：Let me know whether / if he will come or not . （= Let me know whethe er or not he will come ） 讓我知道他是否能來。I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not . （= I don't know wheth

6、er or not he does any washing ）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego 我不知道我們是去還是留。 在介詞之后用 whether。如：I'm interested in whether he likes English 我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time 我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這 項工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 我擔(dān)

7、心是否傷了她的感情。 在不定式前用 whether。如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man 他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。I don't know whether to go 我不知去否。He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train 他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車 去。 whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not , I can't say .這是否真的我說不上來。 引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜

8、用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question .她是否能來還是個問題。The question is whether we can catch the bus .問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。 若用if會引起歧義時，則用 whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book .可理解為：a. Please let me know whether you like the book .請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。b. If you like the book ， please le

9、t me know.你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。3）如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning ？你能告訴我今天早上你為 什么開會遲到嗎？3. 時態(tài)含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：1） 如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要， 選用相對應(yīng)的任何時 態(tài)。如：I don't know when he will come back .我不知道他將何時回來。He tells me that his

10、 sister came back yesterday .他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。2） 如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要， 選用過去時態(tài)即一 般過去時、過去實(shí)行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如： The children didn't know who he was .孩子們不知道他是誰。 He asked his father how it happened .他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。3） 如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等，不管主句用 什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：The teacher said t

11、hat the earth goes round the sun. 老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。-、，I -、 :4. 注意：if 和 when 既能夠引導(dǎo)賓語從句， 也能夠引導(dǎo)狀語從句， 應(yīng)注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和 用法的不同。 if 和 when 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，分別意為 “是否”和“何時”，其時態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時態(tài) 相呼應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，意思分別為如果，假如”和當(dāng)時候”當(dāng)主句時態(tài)是一般將來時時， 其時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。 它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中實(shí)行綜 合考查。如： Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么時候

12、回來嗎？ Sorry， I don't know. When he comes back， I'll tell you .對不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來了， 我將告訴你。I don't know if he will come .我不知道他是否會來。He will come if it doesn't rain .如果不下雨，他會來的。簡化賓語從句常用六法 同學(xué)們常會遇到把含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句，使其與原句意思相同（或相近） 的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡化賓語從句的方法：方法一： 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope， decide， wish ， choose， a

13、gree， promise 等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二： 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是 know， learn， remember， forget， tell 等動詞，且主句主語 與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞 +不定式 ”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：She has forgotte n how

14、 she can ope n the wi ndow. Shehas forgotte n how to ope n the wi ndow. 注：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是 tell， ask， show， teach 等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間 接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為 “疑問詞 + 不定式 ”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station ? Could you tell me how to get to the station ?方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是order （命令）require （需要）等時，如果主句和從句的主語

15、不一致，賓語從句可簡化為 “名詞（代詞） +不定式 ”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四： 某些動詞后的賓語從句，能夠用介詞加動名詞（短語）等其他形式簡化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us.He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn ' know when and where he was born. The po

16、or boy doesn ' know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the gro und.Liu Ping found a wallet lying onthe ground.方法六： 動詞 seem 后的賓語從句，也能夠用不定式（短語）來簡化，但句型需要實(shí)行適 當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win

17、. The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. f found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. f Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. fThey

18、found the box very heavy初中英語賓語從句語法專項精選試題1 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation to

19、day.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could sheB. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 6 Can you tell me_ you were born, BettyA. whoB. whatC. whenD.that7 I don't

20、know _ they have passed the exam.A. whatB. ifC. whenD.where8 I hardly understand. _he has told me.A. thatB. whatC. whichDwho9 She didn't know_ back soon.A. whether he would beB. if would he beC. he will be10. I don't know he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D.

21、when11. Do you know they listened to yesterday eveningA. whatB whenC whyD how12. He asked me told me the accident.A whomB whichC whoD whose13. They don't know their parents are.A that B what C why D which14. Please tell me what last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister wor

22、kC where your sister works D where your sister worked15. She asked me if I knew .A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it16. You must remember .A. what your mother saidC. your mother said what17 Did you know A. who he was looking afterC. who he is looking for18 C

23、ould you tell me _ A. when will they leave Beijing C. when they will leave BeijingB. what did your mother say D. what has your mother saidB. who was he looking forD. who he is looking after19. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeperB. when would they leave BeijingD. when did they leave BeijingWho Moved My Cheese was aninteresting book.A. that B. how C. what D. if20. I don't know Mr. Green will come to see us. He will help us with our English.A. why B. when C. how D