高中英語 Unit 4 Global Warming知識精講 新人教版選修6

1、高二英語選修6 Unit 4 Global Warming人教新課標版一、學習目標：知識目標：學習本單元的單詞、短語和句型。能力目標：能用所學基礎知識來解決實際題目。二、重點、難點：重要單詞：subscribe, quantity, tend, oppose, state, range, glance, steady, average，circumstance重要短語：come about, go up, result in, even if, keep on, on the whole, on behalf of, put up with, so(as) long as, and so on

2、重要句型：1）獨立主格結構的用法2）“疑問詞to do”結構3) The most important one of which is carbon dioxide.三、知能提升：（一）重點單詞單詞學習1. subscribe vt. & vi. 定期（向慈善機構）捐款；定期捐助 subscribe (sth.) to 向捐【例句】He subscribed liberally to charities.他向慈善事業(yè)慷慨捐款。 vi. 訂閱，訂購（報刊等） subscribe to sth. 訂閱【例句】I subscribed to a morning paper. 我訂閱了一份晨報

3、。2. quantity n. 數量，量【用法】（ large / huge）quantities of 許多，大量 a quantity of 許多，大量（修飾可數/不可數） in quantity 批量，大量【例句】Before they enter an entrance examination, they have to do quantities of exercise.在參加入學考試前，他們得做大量的練習。He drinks large quantities of water every day. 他每天都喝大量的水。Its cheaper to buy goods in quan

4、tity. 貨物大批量購買更便宜。【考查點】a (large) quantity of /quantities of名詞（可數/不可數）a large amount of/ amounts of不可數名詞注意：以上短語修飾的名詞充當主語時，由quantity/amount的單復數決定謂語的單復數?！究碱}鏈接】The temperature all over the world is becoming warmer and warmer for_ gases have come into the air.A. a great deal of B. a large amount of C. muc

5、h D. large quantities of答案：D解題思路：本題考查形容詞短語。利用排除法解題。A、B、C三項均修飾不可數名詞。此處gases為可數名詞，故用D項修飾。3. tend vt. 趨向，往往是；照管, 護理【例句】Most of boys tend to enjoy playing basketball. 大部分男孩都喜歡打籃球。The older women tend to believe in strangers easily. 老太太更容易輕信陌生人。A team of medical workers were sent to tend the survivors of

6、 Wenchuan Earthquake.一組醫(yī)護人員被派去照料汶川地震的幸存者?！局R拓展】tendency n. 趨向，傾向（常與to/towards連用）【例句】Nowadays there is a growing tendency for people to shop on internet.如今人們網上購物有增加的趨勢?！究碱}鏈接】Old ladies _ to be cheated by false advertisements.A. tended B. addicted C. appealed D. applied答案：A解題思路：本題考查詞義辨析。tend在本句的意思是“往往

7、是，易于”。 4. oppose vt. & vi. 反對；使相對【例句】The old man cant bear anyone in the family to oppose him.這位老人決不能容忍家里有人違抗他。The government called on the workers to oppose waste.政府號召工人反對浪費?！局R拓展】be opposed to 反對【例句】All the states in UN were opposed to the war launched by Israel.所有的聯合國成員國都反對以色列發(fā)起的這場戰(zhàn)爭。Many res

8、idents in Guangzhou are opposed to the plan of tearing down the old buildings.廣州的許多居民反對拆毀舊建筑的計劃。【相關短語】表示反對：disagree with; object to; be against表示贊成：agree with; be in favour of; be for5. state n. 州；國家，政府【例句】In America, the law varies from state to state.美國各州的法律都不同。We must pay taxes to the State.我們必須向

9、國家納稅。 n. 狀態(tài)，狀況【例句】Most matter has three states. 大多數物質有三種狀態(tài)。 v. 陳述；敘述【例句】He stated his problem clearly.他把問題敘述得很清楚?！局R拓展】country, nation, state1）country 指國家時，側重疆土或人口，是國家的總稱。China is a developing country. 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。2）country 除表示“國家”外，還有一個常見的意思：“農村”、“鄉(xiāng)村”，其前通常要用定冠詞the。Which do you prefer, to live in a c

10、ity or in the country?你是喜歡住在城里還是住在鄉(xiāng)村？3）nation指國家時，側重民族及國民。The whole nation are deep in sorrow at the news of Wenchuan Earthquake. 聽到汶川地震的消息，全國人民陷入深深的悲痛之中。 4）state 指國家時，側重政體、政府，即國家機器。In China, railways and post offices belong to the state.在中國，鐵路和郵局屬于政府?！究碱}鏈接】選詞（country, nation, state）并用其適當形式填空 After

11、many years abroad, she wanted to return home to her_. The US is made up of 50_. The newly-elected President Obama spoke on TV to the_.答案：country states nation6. range vt. 排列，使成行；【例句】The cards were ranged in alphabetical order.卡片以字母順序排列。vi. 變化；延伸；伸展；排成一排【例句】Prices range from 6 to 10.價錢從六英鎊到十英鎊不等。High

12、 willows ranged along the highway. 高大的柳樹排列在公路兩旁。 n. 一系列；變化幅度，范圍；射程，距離【例句】A range of buildings have sprung up along the river.沿河建起了一排樓房。Several cars are available within this price range.在這個價格范圍內, 有好幾種汽車可供選購。This weapon can kill at a range of 200 yards.這種兵器在200碼內有殺傷力。【知識拓展】beyond the range of 超越的范圍ou

13、t of ones range某人達不到的range oneself 站在的方面range from to / between and 從到不等【考題鏈接】根據漢語提示，補全英語句子。1) The shop keeps_（商品品種多）. 2) _（年齡范圍）is from six to twelve years old.3) The temperature_（在15攝氏度到35攝氏度之間）.4) We should _（列身于；站在的方面）on the side of law and justice.答案：1) a wide range of goods 2) The age range 3)

14、 ranges from 15 to 35 centidegrees 4) range ourselves7. glance v.n. 粗略地看一下，一瞥，掃視【例句】She fell in love with him at the first glance. 她第一次見到他就愛上了他。（她對他一見鐘情。）Dont glance left and right. 不要左顧右盼?！居梅ā縢lance at 匆匆瞥一眼 give/take a glance at/to/over/into 對匆匆一看，一瞥at a glanceat the first glance 初（乍）一看就【知識拓展】辨析 g

15、lance, glare, stare, glimpse glance 快速地看某人或某事一眼。 glare 強調以強烈的敵意或在氣憤的情緒下看，怒目而視。stare 指睜大眼睛精力集中的凝視某人或某物。glimpse瞥見，指快速看到的人，物或結果。【考題鏈接】She _ shyly at him out of the corners of her eyes.A. stared B. glanced C. peeped D. glared答案：B解題思路：本題考查與glance相似的幾個詞的區(qū)別。句意為：她用眼角害羞地瞥了他一眼。stare盯著看，glance匆匆看一眼，peep（從小孔里）偷

16、看，窺視，glare怒目而視。根據句意應選B項。8. steady adj. 穩(wěn)的，穩(wěn)定的，堅定的；不變的【例句】He is a steady young man. 他是一個穩(wěn)重的年輕人。She has a steady income. 她有固定的收入。9. average adj.平均的；一般的，普通的，中等的 【例句】His average result of this three subjects is 96. 他三科的平均成績是96分。 n. 平均，平均數【例句】The average of 4, 8 and 60 is 24。 4、8和60的平均數是24?！局R拓展】above th

17、e average 高于平均水平below the average在一般（平均）水平以下on (the) average平均，按平均數計算；一般來說【考題鏈接】The price of apples is about four yuan per kg _ average.A. on B. atC. in D. from答案：A解題思路：on (the) average 一般來說，平均起來。句意為：蘋果的價格平均約四元錢一公斤。10. circumstance n. 環(huán)境，條件，情況【例句】The circumstance is not very serious. 情況不是很嚴重?！局R拓展】u

18、nder no circumstances無論如何都不；決不 【例句】Under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.在任何情況下中國都不會首先使用核武器。【考題鏈接】Under no _ will I elect Mr. White president of the university.A. environments B. occasions C. circumstances D. surroundings答案：C解題思路：考查固定短語。under no circumstances無論如何都不；決不

19、，其后常接倒裝句。即學即練1. The temperatures in our city _ from 15 to 35 centi degrees.A. spread B. move C. range D. shift2. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed awayC. are washing away D. are being washed away3. He took a _ of the a

20、udience before he began to make a speech.A. glance B. glimpse C. glare D. stare4. Shopping-centres provide us with a large_ of goods to choose from.A. typeB. rangeC. varietyD. sort5. Keep up a good_ of mind even if you should fail plenty of times.A. state B. condition C. circumstance D. situation（二）

21、重點短語短語學習1. come about 發(fā)生，造成 【用法】相當于happen【例句】When Mother woke up, she didnt know what had come about. 當媽媽醒來的時候，她不知道發(fā)生了什么。Ill never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. 我永遠都不會理解你一周遲到三次的情況是怎樣發(fā)生的。Do you know how the air accident came about?你知道這次飛行事故是怎么發(fā)生的嗎？【知識拓展】(1) take

22、place 一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”，即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排。 Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. 在過去十年中我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。The Olympic Games of 2012 will take place in London. 2012年奧運會將在倫敦舉行。(2) happen一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件。What happened to you?（一般不說：What did you happen?）你怎么了？Maybe something une

23、xpected happened. 也許沒有料到的事情發(fā)生了。I happened to see him on my way home. It happened that I saw him on my way home. 我碰巧在回家的路上看到了他。(3) come about表示“發(fā)生、產生”，多指事情已經發(fā)生了，但還不知道事情為什么會發(fā)生，常用于疑問句和否定句中。 How did this come about? 這件事是怎么發(fā)生的？【考題鏈接】Have you _ some ideas?Yeah. Ill tell you later. A. come aboutB. come int

24、o C. come up with D. come out with答案：C解題思路：考查介詞短語。come up with想出；提出，可根據后面的some new ideas判斷。2. go up上升；被建造起來；被焚毀【例句】Prices have gone up again. 物價又上漲了。 New factories are going up everywhere. 到處都在興建新工廠。 The whole building went up in flames. 整幢樓都被焚毀了。 【知識拓展】go after 追求，設法得到；追捕go against反對，違背，不利于go ahead

25、先走，走在前面；繼續(xù)前進；進步展；成功；干（用）吧，說吧，開始干go all out全力以赴，鼓足干勁go by走過，過去；遵照，依循，以為根據go in for從事于；愛好，追求，沉迷于go on往前走，繼續(xù)下去(with, doing)；日子過得(well, badly)；發(fā)生，進行，進展行（情況）go over越渡過；走完；轉向(to)；改變立場；車（翻倒）；復習；（仔細）檢查；審閱；研究go through通過（考試等）；經過；審閱；檢查【考題鏈接】 I wonder if I could use your dictionary. Sure. _.A. Go on B. Go ahea

26、d C. Go up D. Go away答案：B 解題思路：go on 繼續(xù)；go ahead 當然可以；go up 上升；go away走開。句意為：我可以用一下你的辭典嗎？當然可以，用吧！選B項。3. result in導致，結果是【例句】Their dispute resulted in war. 他們的爭端導致了戰(zhàn)爭。 【考查點】result in與result fromresult in 引起，導致，產生，側重于結果，即in后接導致的結果。The accident resulted in three people being killed. 事故導致三人喪生。result from

27、 起因于，由產生，是的結果，更側重于強調起因，即from后接事情的起因。Nothing has resulted from his efforts.他的努力沒有什么結果。【知識拓展】as a result 和as a result ofas a result 作為狀語來用，而as a result of 的后面則要接名詞。As a result, we failed the game. 結果我們輸了那場比賽。As a result of the drought this spring, farmers income decreased.由于今年春天的干旱（旱災），許多農民的收入下降了。【考題鏈

28、接】It doesnt often rain here. _, we often water the fields. A. Instead of B. As a result C. More or less D. For example答案：B 解題思路：句意：這里不經常下雨，結果呢，我們要經常澆地。instead of 代替，（是）而不是；more or less差不多，幾乎；大約；for example 例如，譬如。均不合句意，故只有B項正確。4. even if 即使，縱然【例句】I wouldnt lose courage even if I should fail ten times

29、.即使要失敗十次, 我也絕不灰心?！究疾辄c】even if引導的是讓步狀語從句，這一短語還可以寫作even though。Even though everyone all over the world deserts you, I will not.即使全世界所有的人都拋棄你，我也不會（拋棄你）?！究碱}鏈接】Would you go to the cinema or stay at home?_ the film is good, Ill stay at home.A. No matter what B. In spite of C. Even if D. As though答案：C 解題思路

30、：本小題考查狀語從句的引導詞。這里A項的no matter what中的what為一代詞，而后面句子的主要成分是完整的，如果用No matter what來引導，要將good去掉；B項不能接從句，而D項意為：好像，不合句意。本題句意為：你愿意去看電影還是呆在家里？即使電影是精彩的，我也要呆在家里。所以C項正確。5. keep on 繼續(xù)；保持【例句】Prices keep on increasing this year. 今年的物價在不斷上漲。【考查點】keep doing和keep on doingkeep doing和keep on doing都可表示“不斷（老是）做某事”的意思，強調動作

31、的連續(xù)不斷，每隔一段時間就發(fā)生，這時兩者可以換用。keep doing還可表示連續(xù)不斷的動作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。keep on doing則沒有這種用法。而強調“繼續(xù)干某事”（盡管動作時斷時續(xù)）時，常用keep on doing sth。We kept working in the fields in spite of the rain. 盡管下雨，我們還是堅持在地里干活?！局R拓展】keep up 持續(xù)，維持 keep up with 跟上keep down 控制，壓制 keep back 忍住，隱瞞keep off讓開，不接近 keepin mind 記住keep in touch with 保

32、持聯系【例句】He had to hurry to keep up with them. 他不得不加快速度來趕上他們?！究碱}鏈接】Im putting on weight. The doctor has warned me to_ sugar.A. keep up B. keep back C. keep off D. keep on答案：C 解題思路：句意為：我在發(fā)胖，醫(yī)生警告我不要多吃糖。keep off：不接近，讓開，符合句意。keep up：持續(xù)，維持；keep back：忍住，隱瞞；keep on：繼續(xù) 均不合題意。6. on the whole大體上，基本上，總的來看（說）【例句】

33、My opinion is on the whole the same as yours.我的意見大體上同你的差不多。On the whole, Im in favor of the proposal.總的來說，我贊成這個提議。7. on behalf of為了的利益；代表【例句】He spoke on behalf of the plan. 他為這項計劃辯護。At the airport he read an address of welcome on behalf of the association.在機場上他代表該協會致了歡迎詞。Im writing on behalf of my m

34、other to express her thanks for your gift.我代表我母親寫信, 對你的禮物表示感謝?！局R拓展】stand for表象征意義，常用于指事物on behalf of常用在美語中，可以代表個人、一群人（有時是因為某人缺席等，不是作為領頭人的意思）represent比較正式，只指作為團體的代表（常常是領頭人）【考題鏈接】I have no idea what these two letters _.A. on behalf of B. represent C. stand for D. stand at答案：C解題思路：短語辨析。句意為：我不知道這兩個字母代表

35、什么。通過句子結構分析，發(fā)現此處缺少謂語，可排除A項，再由含義可排除D項。B項意為“代表”，用法較正式，此處應選C項。8. put up with忍受，容忍 【例句】I cant put up with her another dayshe never stops complaining.她整天抱怨，我一天也不能忍受了。【知識拓展】put up with的同義短語及其區(qū)別：stand, bear, tolerate這些動詞均含“忍受”之意。stand為口語用詞，?？膳cbear換用，但側重指經受得起。bear強調容忍，是普通用語。tolerate指以自我克制的態(tài)度，對待令人反感或厭惡的東西，含默

36、認、寬容的意味。【考題鏈接】I can not_ the noise outside. It is too noisy.A. keep up with B. come up with C. put up with D. catch up with答案：C解題思路：考查動詞短語。put up with的意思為“忍受”，keep up with意為“跟上”，come up with意為“提出”，catch up with意為“追上”。根據句意應選C項。9. so/as long as 在的時間之內；以為條件；只要【例句】Ill stay as long as I can. 我能呆多久就呆多久?！局?/p>

37、識拓展】as far as 遠至；就而論【例句】As far as I know, he has gone to town.就我所知，他到鎮(zhèn)上去了。 【考題鏈接】The path extends _the river.A. as far as B. as long as C. as far D. so long答案：A解題思路：本題考查連詞短語的用法。句意為：這條小路延伸至河邊。故只有as far as符合句意。10. and so on等等 【例句】She spends her day doing housework, watching television, reading, and so

38、 on.她在做家務、看電視、看書等中度過了一天。I like English, Chinese, maths and so on. 我喜歡英語、語文、數學等等?！局R拓展】“等等”的表示法：and so forth，and the like即學即練 1. Carry your valuables with you, your money, jewellery, camera_.A. and so on B. for exampleC. and the sameD. such as2. I cant _ his bad attitude toward me any longer.A. keep

39、up with B. come up with C. catch up with D. put up with3. As is known to us all, success usually diligence while laziness can _ failure.A. results from; lie in B. results in; lead toC. results in; lie in D. results from; lead to4. Do you have a minute? Ive got something to tell you.OK, _ you make it

40、 short. A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time5. My parents dont mind what job I do I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though6. _ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）to recover.A. Even ifB. If onlyC. WhileD. Once（三）重點句型句型學習1.

41、 There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer.【分析】這里的There is no doubt about sth./ that .毫無疑問（毋庸置疑）【例句】There is no doubt that what we have been doing is proper in improving peoples living standard.毫無疑問，我們在改善人民生活水平方面一直在做的是正確的。There is no doubt about his ability but his attitude led to the fail

42、ure.他的能力毋庸置疑，是他的態(tài)度導致了失敗。【考查點】注意doubt后面的從句的引導詞的選用：I doubt whether / if / when / where （等疑問詞） 我懷疑I dont doubt that . / Do you doubt that ? 我不懷疑你懷疑嗎？I doubt whether / if the new one will be any better.我不敢肯定這個新的是否會好些。I never doubted that she would come. 我從未懷疑過她會來?！究碱}鏈接】_ a certain doubt among the people

43、 as to the practical value of the project. A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains答案：D解題思路：句意：關于那項規(guī)劃的實際價值人們仍存有懷疑。此句為There be結構，構成There be / remains doubt句式，故選D項。2. Without the green house effect, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.【分析】without后常可接動名詞

44、、名詞或代詞?！纠洹縃e left his house without telling anybody, which worried his family a lot.他沒有告訴任何人就離家出走，這讓他的家人很是著急。My father lent me a big sum of money, without which I couldnt have bought such a big house. 我父親借給我一大筆錢，沒有這筆錢，我就買不了這么大的房子。Without air, man as well as many other living things wouldnt live on

45、earth.沒有空氣，人類還有許多其他生物就無法在地球上生存?！究疾辄c】含有without的句型中常要用到虛擬語氣，這一點我們在第一單元已經講過，即假設的情況并不用條件從句來表示，而是通過介詞短語來表示。 Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果沒有空氣的話，就不會有生物。Without（But for）your help (If it hadnt been for your help) I couldnt have done it. 要是沒有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。【考題鏈接】Wi

46、thout electricity, human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will beC. would have been D. would be答案：D解題思路：考查與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣。3. The most important one of which is carbon dioxide.【分析】本句為含介詞的定語從句，這一句型的常用變形有：（1）介詞 關系代詞【例句】This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是我父親去年（居）住過的房子。（2）the 名詞 of

47、關系代詞常用的關系代詞：which, whom意義特點：結構中的名詞和后面的關系代詞存在所屬關系【例句】I have bought a new house, the windows of which face south.我買了一個新房子，它的窗戶朝南。（3）部分詞匯/結構 of 關系代詞常用關系代詞：which, whom常用詞匯/結構： all, both, none, neither, either, many, most, few, several, enough, half, some, any, one, two, three, etc. 數詞（基數詞、序數詞、百分數、分數） 名詞

48、 the 形容詞比較級/最高級【例句】Here are two pairs of socks, either of which you may choose.這兒有兩雙襪子，你可以選擇任何一雙。The football team has 15 members, the oldest of whom is 25 years old.足球隊有15名隊員，其中年齡最大的25歲?！疽族e點】（1）介詞的選用1. 根據定語從句中謂語動詞的習慣搭配來決定?！纠洹縏his is the book on which I spent/for which I paid 8 yuan.買這本書花了我8元錢。2. 根

49、據先行詞的搭配習慣來決定?！纠洹縄 remember the day on which I joined the League.我記得我入團的那天。I remember the days during which I lived here.我記得我住在這兒的那些日子。I remember the month in which I stayed there.我記得我待在那兒的那個月。（2）介詞可后移，關系代詞可省略?！纠洹縏he person to whom youll write is Mr Smith. The person(whom/that/who)youll write to is

50、 Mr Smith.你將要給他寫信的那個人是史密斯先生。（3）介詞位于從句句首時，其后不接that 或 who，只能接 which（指物）或 whom（指人），且which/whom不能省略?！纠洹縏he place in which Ill arrive is Barcelona.我將要到達的地方是巴塞羅那。Do you know the girl to whom I introduced Mary?你認識我介紹給瑪麗的那個女孩嗎？（4）定語從句中的謂語動詞是含介詞的動詞短語時，介詞要放在動詞之后，且不能拆開。【例句】This is the baby whom you will look

51、after.（）這就是你將要照看的嬰兒。This is the baby after whom you will look. （×）【考題鏈接】Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 答案：C 解題思路：本題考查“介詞which”的用法。原句可還原為：Wind power is an ancient source of energy whichthat we may retur

52、n to in the near future.即學即練1. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city.A. whom B. which C. them D. those2. The newly built café, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after har

53、d work.A. that B. it C. what D. which 3. Without your help, we_ so much.A. wont achieve B. didnt achieveC. dont achieve D. wouldnt have achieved4. I cant repair these until tomorrow, Im afraid.Thats OK, theres _.A. no problemB. no wonderC. no doubtD. no hurry選修6 Unit 5 The power of nature一、預習新知1. 重點單詞equipment, power, appoint, wave, absolute, suit, potential, actual, shoot, anxious, guarantee2. 重點短語make ones way, glance through, vary fromto, protect from, be home to, pick up, have a gift for3. 重點句型1）Th