現(xiàn)在完成時 2 (1)

1、 （1）強調(diào)動作是從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。（2）強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果，此用法容易和一般過去時混淆。兩者的區(qū)別是：一般過去時有動作發(fā)生的時間點，即過去某一時間發(fā)生某一動作；現(xiàn)在完成時則沒有，即不強調(diào)是哪個時間點發(fā)生的動作，而強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。（3）在過去不確定的時間里發(fā)生的動作，但是結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在有影響?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+V（p p）肯定句：主語+have/has+V（p p）+賓語.否定句：主語+havent/hasnt+V（p p）+賓語.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+V（p p）+賓語. 回答：Yes，主語+have/has. No，

2、主語+havent/hasnt.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+V（p p）+其他）1.現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與準確時間連用，（如表示過去的時間狀語）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon）等，除非與for,since連用.2.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用如already（肯定），yet（否定，疑問），just,before,recently,still,lately,never等： I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We ha

3、ve seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet?3. 現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用，如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion（好幾次）等： Have you ever been to Beijing I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. May has met that gentleman on severaloccasions.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在

4、時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用，如now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等： Peter has written six articles so far. There has been too much rain in Beijing this year. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5. 瞬間性動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，但是不可以與時間狀語連用。若與時間狀語連用，

5、需要將非延續(xù)性動詞變化為延續(xù)性動詞。VerbUsed for a continuous statebuyhave(has) hadborrowhave(has) keptarrivehave(has) been in/atleavehave(has) been away fromjoinhave(has) been in/a member ofVerbUsed for a continuous statediehave(has) been deadget marriedhave(has) been marriedcome/gohave(has) been in/atbegin/starthav

6、e(has) been onstophave(has) been overget uphave(has) been upcatch a coldhave(has) had a coldreceive/gethave(has) hadopenhave(has) been openclosehave(has) been closedfinish/endhave(has) been overget/come tohave(has) been in/on/atcome backhave(has) been backfall sick/ill/asleephave(has) been sick/ill/

7、asleep續(xù)上表have been to，have been in ，have gone to 的區(qū)別have been to 曾經(jīng)去過某地（已返回） 通常后加去過的次數(shù)have been in 去某地一段時間（暫時未返回） 通常后加for+時間= since+一段時間+agohave gone to 去了某地（沒有回來）Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know B簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時主要簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作

8、對現(xiàn)在造成強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響或?qū)?，重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理上下文分析、推理才行。故上才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。 He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still B Have you met Mr Li _？ . just

9、 . ago .before . a moment ago AThe famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .is writing .was writing .wrote .has written DOur country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good.has changed ;better . changed ; better C考查考查時間狀語時間狀語的運用，詳見的運用，詳見書書P16Hi

10、s father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in DDo you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made BIt _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . wasA簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時中，簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時中，非延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞不能與不能與for和和since

11、引引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用，通常是用導的表示一段時間的狀語連用，通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞來代替詞來代替。 Miss Green isnt in the office .she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been A My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in .have been to . have gone to .have been AMiss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice. Ahave been Bha

12、s been Chave gone Dhas gone B簡析：簡析：“have/has gone to + 地點地點”表示表示“某人某人去了某地去了某地（還還未回來未回來）”，指主語所指的人不在這兒。，指主語所指的人不在這兒?！癶ave/has been in + 地點地點”表示表示“在某地呆了多長時間在某地呆了多長時間”，常，常與表示時間的狀語連與表示時間的狀語連用用?！癶ave/has been to +地點地點”表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地曾經(jīng)去過某地（但現(xiàn)但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒在已不在那兒）。）。 1、吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。、吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。 Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now. 2、 我父親以前到過長城。我父親以前到過長城。 My father has been to the Great Wall before. 3