高考英語語法填空解題技巧與練習(xí)

1、高考英語語法填空解題技巧與練習(xí) 一. 語法填空的考查范圍： 1 語境(上下文）； 2 語法： 動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、非謂語形式）、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、固定搭配、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)最高級(jí)及構(gòu)詞法、倒裝等。 二.語法填空的能力要求： 1.閱讀/理解語篇的能力 2.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力 3.熟練運(yùn)用語法的能力 4.單詞拼寫能力 三.句子的類型 簡單句 并列句 復(fù)合句: 轉(zhuǎn)折 因果 聯(lián)合 選擇 名詞性從句: 形容詞性從句： 副詞性從句： 主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 同位語從句 定語從句 狀語從句: 時(shí)間，地點(diǎn) 原因，目的 結(jié)果，條件 方式，讓步 五種基本句型 從語法填空題

2、空格的設(shè)置來看，至少應(yīng)當(dāng)包括以下4個(gè)特點(diǎn) 一、考查語法。每一個(gè)空格的設(shè)置都必定涉及到某一條或某幾條語法規(guī)則，不會(huì)單純考查單詞的拼寫和詞組的用法。例 1 In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses, but they_ (allow) to attend weddings and some festivals. 例 2 The _ why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.二、考慮語境。既然采用短文的形式來考查語法，其目的就是要利

3、用短文有較強(qiáng)語境的特點(diǎn)來命題，否則，就不如用單句來考查語法了。也就是說，考生要填出正確答案，至少需理解整個(gè)句子的意思或各分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，或者需要理解前后幾個(gè)句子，甚至整個(gè)段落或篇章。例3 Several changes have brought wild animals to the . Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970's pollution control efforts三、考點(diǎn)分散?；旧弦粋€(gè)空格代表一個(gè)語法點(diǎn)，10個(gè)空有可能涉及到10個(gè)語法

4、點(diǎn)，至少也得有7個(gè)語法點(diǎn)。筆者認(rèn)為，即使對(duì)一些非常重要的語法項(xiàng)目，如動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、不定代詞等，單獨(dú)一項(xiàng)也可能是一空，至多兩空，設(shè)三空的可能性是極小的。四、適當(dāng)提示。但是若涉及到動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換等需要詞形變化的空格.例4 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _(reach) a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.例5 It would be _ (believe) that such an honest fellow should h

5、ave betrayed his friends!五、出題一般涉及到以下幾個(gè)方面：1）動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞搭配構(gòu)成的固定動(dòng)詞短語；2）冠詞的用法；3）連詞的用法，包括從屬連詞和并列連詞；）派生詞的用法；5）動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式；6）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法；7）定語從句、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞等。 解答語法填空題的八條思路1. 根據(jù)語法知識(shí)進(jìn)行填充2. 根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行填充3. 根據(jù)語篇標(biāo)志進(jìn)行填充語篇是指比單個(gè)句子長的語言單位（句群、段落、篇章等）。語篇間往往有標(biāo)明內(nèi)在了解的詞，我們稱這些詞為“語篇標(biāo)志詞”。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的有first, second, third, finally等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的有thus，t

6、herefore，so等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系或變換話題的有however, but, by the way等。“語篇標(biāo)志詞”對(duì)迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文關(guān)系很有幫助。4.根據(jù)固定詞組進(jìn)行填充熟練掌握一些常見的詞組，如as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulateon, devoteto, earn ones living, keep ones word, make up ones mind等，對(duì)解題很有幫助。 5. 根據(jù)句型搭配進(jìn)行填,就是根據(jù)一些常用的句型搭配，如so/suchthat, it is(for sb

7、.) to do sth., There is no doubt that, there is no sense in doing sth.等來解題。6. 根據(jù)詞匯知識(shí)進(jìn)行填充指根據(jù)某些詞語在用法上的特殊搭配來解題。如下列各類動(dòng)詞必須牢記：只能接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞，只能接to do作賓語的動(dòng)詞，接to do作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞，接do作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞，接doing或done作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞，對(duì)句式搭配要求較為特別的詞語，等等。7. 根據(jù)生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行填充I crossed the street to avoid 1 (meet) him, but he saw me and came running

8、 towards me. It was no use 2 (pretend) that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy 3 (meet) Nigel Dykes. He never has anything 4 (do). No matter how busy you are, he always insists on 5 (come) with you.【考點(diǎn)設(shè)置】 一、動(dòng)詞(謂語/非謂語) 給出動(dòng)詞的原形，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要給出其適當(dāng)?shù)男问?。填?dòng)詞形式，首先抓住主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，確定主句，剩下的部分，如有連詞，則是句子，仍然

9、有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，否則就用非謂語；是謂語就思考時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，主謂一致，是非謂語就看主動(dòng)被動(dòng)，有否先后關(guān)系。 1. Ms Chen _(teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. （廣州一模） 2 I was certain she would like it because I _ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. （廣州一模） 3 The exam, which was originally t

10、o be held in our classroom,_ (change) to the library at the last minute. .(廣州二模) 4. I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _ (break) his finger. （深二模） 5. The child, Nicole Hobson, _ (take) by her mother to Children's Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check （汕頭二模）

11、6. A transit spokesman said the driver should_ (make) radio call to the control center for help. （汕頭二模） 二、代詞 挖掉代詞，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)受到破壞，句子間出現(xiàn)不連貫。 1. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax _. （廣州二模） 2. The little boy pulled _ right hand out of the pocket and stu

12、died a number of coins in it. （深一模） 3. the driver did _to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers.（汕頭二模） 4If you give your children that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard _as unfit or unable persons. （深圳羅湖） 5. Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abro

13、ad, and 120,000 of _ were self-funded students,（茂名二模） 三、定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 必須根據(jù)定語從句的信息和先行詞進(jìn)行推斷，從而補(bǔ)出引導(dǎo)詞，這本身就是考查邏輯思維能力。 1.The exam, _ was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(廣州二模) 2 Then I went to the department store _I worked part-time and bought her an expen

14、sive gift box of Sichuan beef. （廣州一模） 3. It was a poem about me, _ included the time （深二模） 4. At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students _came back to China after study. （茂名二模） 5. More and more Chinese students go abroad for study, _ is supported by the Chinese government

15、. （茂名二模） 四、連詞(從屬連詞/并列連詞) A) 引導(dǎo)各種從句的連詞叫從屬連詞。如名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether；副詞從句引導(dǎo)詞where, wherever, when, if , how, unless, until 1. The American Academy of Pediatrics (兒科) says _ children really need for health development is more good, old-fashioned pl

16、aytime.(四校聯(lián)考) 2. I almost started to yell his name _ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep. （深二模） 3. _children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent. 4. Statistics show that _China carried out the opening - up policy, a total of one million students have gone abro

17、ad for study. （茂名二模） 5_we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. （佛山一模） 6. Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely _ the danger lies. B) 并列句的各種關(guān)聯(lián)詞叫并列連詞。如and, but, or, though, although, so 挖掉關(guān)聯(lián)詞，要想補(bǔ)上連詞，思路必須與整理思路相吻合。 1 I had no ide

18、a how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered _I finally found the solution. （廣州二模） 2 I asked my classmates about her interest _ I made my final decision. （廣州一模） 3.Tom, an 8yearold boy, entered a hotel coffee shop _sat at a table.（深一模） 4. It is difficult for parents of nearly every family

19、to teach their children to be responsible for housework, _with one of the following suggestions, you really can get your children to help at home. （深圳羅湖） 五、挖掉表示起承轉(zhuǎn)合的副詞或副詞性短語 此功能于關(guān)聯(lián)詞相似。只是這種副詞（短語）在用法上更加靈活多變。典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first

20、, second, then, finally, in a word等等。 1This, _ , didnt bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. (廣州二模) 2. Dont always scold and give lots of praise_ . （深圳羅湖） Keys: 1. however 2. instead 六、特殊句型（或固定短語） 考查對(duì)固定結(jié)構(gòu)（短語）的熟悉掌握程度。屬于字詞層面考查語法。 1.It was not long_the waitress came back and the

21、n she began to wipe down the table. 2. _was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG! （廣州一模） 3. So careless was I _ I had forgotten all about that. （深二模） 4."as a matter of _ , you have done well and made great achievement(惠州一模) 七、冠詞 1 But my mood quickly changed whe

22、n I saw_ first question. (廣州二模) 2 Then I went to the department store and bought her_ expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. .(廣州一模) 3. Tom, _ 8yearold boy, entered a hotel coffee shop. （深一模） 4He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and _ good many other things. （深二模） 5. Television is n

23、ot only a convenient source of entertainment, but also _ comparatively cheap one.（東莞一模） 八、詞形變化或者詞性變化 給出單詞的原形，通過句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正確的單詞形式補(bǔ)充完整。這屬于比較基礎(chǔ)的單詞拼寫方面的能力要求。 1 Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my_ (appreciate) I decided to get her a present. (廣州一模) 2. _ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes to complete the rest. (廣州二模) 3. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_ (patience). （深一模） 4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said _ (rude). （深一模） 5. I must know how to care for others and try not to _ (understand) the