大學(xué)英語寫作中的常見語病及應(yīng)對(duì)策略

1、大學(xué)英語寫作中的常見語病及應(yīng)對(duì)策略一、語病的主要表現(xiàn)和分析（一）詞語運(yùn)用方面的問題1. 詞不達(dá)意受漢語的影響或因?yàn)閷?duì)英語詞義掌握不準(zhǔn)確，學(xué)生在寫作中會(huì)出現(xiàn)所選詞語的意義與所要表達(dá)的意思不相符的現(xiàn)象。例如：（1） We mustassurethat we can improve the working condition.（句中assure應(yīng)改為ensure。assure表示為使別人解除疑慮而作的保證”，而ensure則是強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)某種行為的結(jié)果有把握。）（2） The Chinese people oftenrespectcigarettes when they meet.（句中respect應(yīng)改

2、為offer。respect只是 尊敬”之意，而這里需要的是 提供、給 ”之意。 ）（句中dull應(yīng)改為bored。根據(jù)句義，學(xué)生會(huì)變得 厭學(xué)”，而不是變得 乏 味 ”。 ）2.詞性不當(dāng)因?yàn)閷?duì)詞性把握不準(zhǔn)，學(xué)生在寫作中常會(huì)出現(xiàn)“詞性誤用 ”的現(xiàn)象。例如：（4） None cannegativethe importance of money.（句中negative 是形容詞，被誤用為動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)改為negate。 ）（5） Some people claim that fast food willinstead oftradition food.（句中instead of是介詞短語，被誤用為動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)

3、改為 take the place of或 replace。 ）（6） Despitehe is very diligent at study, he still cannot pass the CET4.（句中Despite是介詞，被誤用為連詞，應(yīng)改為 Although。）（7） 配錯(cuò)誤因?yàn)檎莆盏挠⒄Z固定搭配有限，更主要的是受到漢語的影響，學(xué)生在寫作中往往會(huì)用漢語的搭配去套英語，結(jié)果造成搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如：(7)In the past, the price of milk was so expensivethat most families could no afford it.(價(jià)錢貴”是漢語

4、說法，英語中price不和expensive搭配，而和high搭配， 所以應(yīng)把expensive改為high。)(8)The opportunity to be promoted in a joint venture will be smallerif one can not speak English.句中的 smaller 應(yīng)改為 less。)(9)However the speed of a car is much fasterthan that of a bicycle.(句中的faster 應(yīng)改為higher。 )(二)句子構(gòu)建中的問題1. 單用逗號(hào)連接句子漢語中單用逗號(hào)連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立

5、分句，但規(guī)范英語對(duì)此不予接受。中國學(xué)生因受其母語的影響，也常常直接用逗號(hào)連接英語的句子。例如：(10)The current was swift,he couldn t swim to the shore.(有多種方法可以糾正這類錯(cuò)誤，例如： The current was swift,so/andhe couldn t swim to the shore. The cwas swift; (therefore,)he couldn t swim to the shore. He couldn t swimshore,for/ because the current was swift. Th

6、e current being swift, he couldnswim to the shore.)2 .時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的誤用與英語相比，漢語的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)既不明顯又不十分嚴(yán)格，而英語則形式復(fù)雜，規(guī)定也比較嚴(yán)格。因此，學(xué)生在這些方面經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)問題。句子中時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的誤用使句子連貫性遭到破壞，造成句義模糊，甚至引起誤解。例如：(11)We drew the conclusion that Tom isdishonest.(可改為：We drew the conclusion that Tom wasdishonest.)(12)I wrote to him, but my letter was not

7、 answered.(可改為：I wrote to him, but he didn t answermy letter.)3 .指代不清句子中代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者前后所用的代詞不一致，造成意義的模糊或混亂。例如：(13)Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be herbridesmaid.(句中代詞使用所造成的模糊無法讓讀者明確判斷出兩位姑娘誰將結(jié)婚，誰將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確，意思就一目 了然了。該句可改為：Mary was friendly to my sister

8、 because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid. )(14)And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.(句中人稱代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致，應(yīng)改為：And we can also know the society by serving it ourselves. )(15)In today s society,wecan t do without friends. So youhave to try to make a many friends as p

9、ossible.可將前句中的 we改為you,或?qū)⒑缶渲械膟ou改為 we。 )4 .句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，不完整句又叫殘缺句或句子片斷。學(xué)生在寫作中出現(xiàn)不完整句的原因主要在于把短語、從句當(dāng)成了完整的句子。例如：(16)There is a teacher I shall always rember.Because she has a sweet voice and a pleasant smile何改為：There is a teacher I shall always rember because she has a sweet voice and a pleasant smile.)(17)T

10、hey enjoy reading a few types of novels.Such as science fiction.( 可改為：They enjoy reading a few types of novels, such as science fiction.)(18)Bikes are so popular in China.( 可改為：Bikes are so popular in China that almost every family has at least one.)5 .該平行的結(jié)構(gòu)不平行英語中可以通過一連串相似的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，即平行結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)平行的思想內(nèi)容。平行結(jié)構(gòu)

11、可以是單詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)、短語平行結(jié)構(gòu)、從句平行結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以是句子平行結(jié)構(gòu)。該平行的結(jié)構(gòu)不平行，也是中國學(xué)生寫作中常見的問題。例 如：(19)She likes to fish, to swim and skiing.( 可改為：She likes fishing, swimming, and skiing.)(20)Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often as good or better than actual performance.(可在 as good 后增添 as, 使 as good as 與 better

12、 than 達(dá)到平行。)(21)But other people argue thateveryone has a certain opportunity anda wise man will never lose it whenever it arises.(句中and后應(yīng)加上that,使后面的從句與前面that引導(dǎo)的從句實(shí)現(xiàn)平行。)6 .懸垂修飾語懸垂修飾語又叫無依著修飾語，通常指在主句中找不到其邏輯主語的分詞短語、不定式短語、介詞短語等，這些短語在句中一般作狀語用。懸垂修飾語的出現(xiàn)，往往造成修飾語和主句之間的邏輯關(guān)系不清晰,導(dǎo)致整個(gè)句子意義的模糊。例如:(22)When talking

13、to the interviewer, my heart was beating very fast.(可改為：When I was talking to the interviewer, my heart was beating very fast.)(23)To succeed in a scientific research project, persistence is need.(可改為：To succeed in a scientific research project, one needs to be persistent.)(24)At the age of ten, my

14、grandfather died.(可改為：When I was ten, my grandfather died.)7 .贅言(重復(fù))寫作時(shí)應(yīng)追求的目標(biāo)之一就是盡量簡練。能用單詞表達(dá)的就不用短語，能用短語表達(dá)的就不用從句，能用簡單句表達(dá)的就不用復(fù)合句。然而，由于對(duì)詞義的掌握不全面、不透徹，加之受漢語的影響，中國學(xué)生在寫作中常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些冗言贅語，重復(fù)表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思。例如：(25)My friend voluntarily offered to giveme some help.(可改為：My friend offered me some help. )(26)For the people w

15、ho are diligent and kind,money is just the thing to be used to buythe thing they need.(可改為：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.)(27)We find the situation that exists at the momentintolerable.(可改為：We find the existing situation intolerable.)8 .缺少xx詞語英漢語言的區(qū)別之一就是英語重形合，漢語重意合，其結(jié)果

16、往往是英語的復(fù)合句中通常要用連詞來連接各個(gè)分句，而漢語則常常不用連詞。不了解英漢之間這些差異，寫作時(shí)就難免出錯(cuò)。例如：(28)The sigh means cars can not enter.(應(yīng)改為：The sigh means that cars can not enter.)(29)My suggestion is more attention should be paid to the issue of young people ' s drug abuse改為：My suggestion is that more attention should be paid to th

17、e issue of young people s drug abuse.)9 .漢語式英語由于受母語的影響，中國學(xué)生在英語寫作中常常造出純粹是漢語思維模式的句子。例如：Although力而搭”（漢語中有“雖然 , ，但是 , ”的呼應(yīng)，英語中卻沒有配。本句應(yīng)改為：(31)On the one handit didn t suit her and on the other handit was too expensive.As a result, she didn t buy it.（英語的“on the one hand ，on the other hOftdl對(duì)立,而漢語的方面,另一方面，

18、既可表示對(duì)立，又可表示增補(bǔ)。根據(jù)原句意思，“didn t suit her“too expensive間'屬于增補(bǔ)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用“for one thing ,for another表示增補(bǔ)的過渡詞語。本句應(yīng)改為：For one thing,it didn t suit her and for another,it was too expensive. As a result, she didn t buy it.）（more and more 不能用作表語。本句應(yīng)改為：Nowadays more and more young people are seeking to go abroad.）10 .綜合性語言