人教新課標(biāo)必修4核心詞匯梳理并重點訓(xùn)練

1、人教新課標(biāo)必修4核心詞匯梳理并重點訓(xùn)練必修 4 13Unit 1 Women of achievementbehave, worthwhile, observe, argue, intend, deliver, look down on / upon, refer to1. behave vt.&vi. 舉動；舉止；行為表現(xiàn)behave well / badly towards sb 對某人態(tài)度好 / 惡劣behave oneself （某人）規(guī)矩點；老實點 Do behave! 規(guī)矩點！be on your best behaviour 盡量表現(xiàn)得體eg: I want you to

2、 behave yourself while Im away.She has been behaving rather oddly.Im sorry about what I did last nightI behaved like a child.注：在口語中，behave as if常用behave like代替。Behave yourself！用在口語交際中表示“規(guī)矩點！”。另外，behave可與某些副詞構(gòu)成形容詞，如well-behaved（表現(xiàn)好的），badly-behaved（表現(xiàn)差的）。2. worthwhile adj. 值得的，值得出力的詞條搭配意義和用法worthwhile

3、Its worthwhile doingIts worthwhile to do值得做某事worthbe + worth + n.值得，值be worth doing“某事值得被做”要用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。另外its worth it表示“是值得的”worthybe worthy of + n. 應(yīng)得某事物be worthy of being donebe worthy to bedone“某事值得被做”，接動名詞時of后要用動名詞的被動式，接不定式時，worthy后要用不定式的被動式。表示“很值得做”要用副詞well來修飾。worth一般只作表語；而worthy和worthwhil

4、e既可作表語又可作定語。worthy表示“有價值的，值得尊敬的”。eg: The “Water Cube” is worth a visit / visiting.= The “Water Cube” is worthy of being visited.= The “Water Cube” is worthy to be visited.= Its worthwhile to visit / visiting the “Water Cube”.The lecture is well worth listening to, though it is rather long.The new ne

5、cklace is worth $ 1, 500.Helping the disabled is a worthwhile activity.3. observe vt. 觀察；觀測；遵守；慶祝observe sth 觀察某物observe sb do sth 觀察某人做某事（全過程）observe sb doing sth 觀察某人正在做某事eg: She has observed the stars all her life.He observed a stranger hanging around the store.We must observe the rules of the ro

6、ad.4. argue vi.&vt. 爭論，爭辯，說服，用辯論證明argue for 為而爭論，為而辯護argue against 爭辯（反對）argue with 與爭辯argue with sb on / about / over sth 與某人爭辯某事argue sb into / out of doing sth 說服某人做 / 不做某事argument n. 爭論，爭辯，論點eg: We decided to argue for the peasant free of charge the moment we finished hearing his story.He ar

7、gued with Mary over the best place for a holiday.They were arguing about how to spend the money.Mary argued Tom into buying a new car.5. intend vt. 計劃；打算intend sb to do sth 打算讓某人做某事 to do sthintend doing sth 打算做某事intend sb / sth for 打算使成為；想讓從事某事be intended to do sth / for sth 是用來intend that 打算，想had

8、intended to do sth = intended to have done sth 過去本打算做intention n. 意圖；打算；目的by intention 故意have no intention of doing 無意做with the intention of 抱有目的，打算without intention 無意中，不是故意地eg: Do you intend making / to make a long stay here?This gift is intended for you.I intended to have gone to Beijing, but I d

9、idnt get the ticket.6. deliver v. 投遞，發(fā)表，宣布，接生，生(小孩)(僅限于被動語態(tài))deliver sth (to sb) 投遞 / 傳送某物（給某人）deliver a speech 發(fā)表演說be delivered of a child = give birth to a child 生孩子deliver sb / sth over to sb 把移交給某人eg: Would you deliver my message to your mother?She is due to deliver a lecture on genetic engineeri

10、ng.Im having some flowers delivered for her birthday.She was delivered of a healthy baby.7. look down on / upon 蔑視，輕視，瞧不起look forward to 盼望，期待look into 調(diào)查，觀察，窺視look up 抬頭看；查閱look on 旁觀look on / uponas 把看作look out (for) 注意，留意，留神look sb up and down 上下打量某人look though 瀏覽；看穿；審查eg: You mustnt look down up

11、on the disabled.Im looking forward to working with you.Most people look on the governments promises with complete belief.As I looked through the newspapers, I found some useful information.8. refer to 提到，說到，參考，參閱referto 把提交給（以求獲得幫助）reference n. 言及，提及，參考，查閱in / with reference to = in connection with

12、關(guān)于without reference to 與無關(guān)，不管eg: You may refer to your notes if you want.My doctor referred me to a specialist.Did you hear all the nasty references to me that Janet kept making?I am writing with reference to your job application.注：refer to和consult后直接帶書籍、詞典等名詞，而look up（查閱）后面跟所要查找的詞作賓語，如look up a wor

13、d in a dictionary。9. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. only在句首修飾作狀語的副詞或介詞短語時，句子要倒裝。 only在句首修飾狀語從句時，主句要用倒裝語序，從句不用倒裝語序。 only在句首修飾句子的主語時，不用倒裝語序。eg: Only then did I realize the importance of communication.Only in this way can we improve

14、 our English.Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army.Only he can answer the question.練習(xí)：1. Paul, do . Did you forget the college rules? A. conduct B. perform C. react D. behave2. Cheng Fei is most gymnast and she proved to be to have a place in the womens gymnastic team. A. worth;

15、 worth B. worthy; worthy C. worthy; worth D. worth; worthy3. Do they Christmas Day in that country? A. congratulate B. support C. watch D. observe4. He argued smoking, and insisted that it was argument that smoking was harmful to health. A. for; beyond B. against; over C. for; over D. against; beyon

16、d5. She went out with the door unlocked by although she knew early that it would result in theft. A. accident B. intention C. chance D. purpose6. We can goods to your door. A. pass B. relay C. deliver D. release7. Heads from Asia and Europe attended the conference and President Hu speech on the firs

17、t day. A. stated B. issued C. addressed D. delivered8. this proposal for me, and tell me what you think of it. A. Look out B. Look back C. Look through D. Look up9. -Please dont take the books out of the reading room. -No, I wont. I just want to them for some figures. A. mention B. refer to C. look

18、up D. look into10. The coach asked his staff to the large group of journalists, waiting for him to announce his training plans. A. adapt to B. attend to C. refer to D. appeal to11. a mobile phone can you ring you want to talk with anywhere. A. Using; whoever B. Only on; whomever C. Only by; whatever

19、 D. With; anyone12. Only by following this method . A. we can study English well B. can we be able to study English well C. can we study English well D. study English well can we13. Only when he returned from the exchange program how much he enjoyed it. A. he realized B. he had realized C. did he re

20、alize D. had he realizedUnit 2 Working the landstruggle, expand, equip, regret, reduce, ridof, would rather, lead to, what is / was called1. struggle vt.&vi.&n. 斗爭；拼搏；努力；掙扎struggle to do sth 艱難地做某事；掙扎著做某事 struggle for 為而斗爭struggle with (against) 與作斗爭；同搏斗struggle on 掙扎著；堅持下去struggle to ones f

21、eet 掙扎著站起來 eg: He has been struggling to succeed in his business.= He has been struggling for success in his business.It was a real struggle to be ready on time.Weve lost two of our best players, but were struggling on.We have to struggle with / against all kinds of difficulties.2. expand vi. 擴大；增加；

22、增強 vt. 使變大；使增強；闡述expand into 把擴展（發(fā)展、膨脹）expand on / upon 闡述；詳談expansion n. 擴大；擴張；擴展expansive adj. 廣闊的；易擴張的；易膨脹的辨析expand / extend / spread / stretch： expand展開，擴大，不僅指尺寸的增加，還可指范圍和體積的擴大。 extend伸出，延伸，指空間范圍的擴大，以及長度、寬度的向為延伸，也可指時間的延長。 spread伸開，傳播，一般指向四面八方擴大傳播的范圍，如傳播（疾?。?、散布（信息）等。 stretch伸展，拉長，一般指由曲變直、由短變長的伸展，

23、不是加長。eg: A childs vocabulary expands through reading.Why not try to expand your story into a novel?You mentioned the need for extra funding. Would you expand on that?3. equip v. 裝備；配備equipwith 用裝備equipfor sth / to do sth 為了而裝備well / poorly equipped 設(shè)備精良的 / 較差的equipment n. 裝備；設(shè)備（不可數(shù)名詞）a piece of equi

24、pment 一件設(shè)備eg: Well have to equip our office with word processors, wont we?It was a modern, bright, well equipped hospital.We want our son to have an education that will equip him for later lift.Our school has been given some new equipment.4. regret vt. 遺憾；惋惜 n. 遺憾；懊悔regret doing sth 后悔做了某事regret to

25、do sth （常和tell，say，inform等詞連用） 對將要做某事表示遺憾regret that 遺憾with great / deep regret 很遺憾to ones regret 讓某人感到遺憾的是It is to be regretted that 使人遺憾的是eg: If you dont do it now, youll only regret it.He bitterly regretted ever having mentioned it.She expressed her regret at the decision.注：regret后既可用動名詞作賓語又可用不定式

26、作賓語，但二者有一定的區(qū)別。當(dāng)表示“后悔做了謀事”時應(yīng)用regret doing sth（動作已做）；當(dāng)表示“遺憾要去做某事”時應(yīng)用regret to do sth（動作未做）。5. reduce vt. 縮減；減少；降低；使陷入某種更壞的狀態(tài)(常用于被動語態(tài))be reduced to 淪落為reduce sth to 減少到reduce sth by 減少了reduction n. 縮??；減少make a reduction 減價eg: He was reduced to tears / despair at the sight.The reform has reduced us to s

27、ervant of the State.She reduced her weight by 6 kilos / to 50 kilos.6. ridof 擺脫；除去get rid of 免除；擺脫rob sb of sth 搶劫某人某物remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事inform sb of sth 通知某人某事cure sb of a disease 醫(yī)好某人的病eg: You should rid yourself of that bad habit.You are supposed to get rid of carelessness.Please remind me of

28、 the date at this time tomorrow.7. would rather 寧愿；寧可would rather do 寧愿做would rather dothan do 寧愿（而）不愿wouldrather than do / 與其rather than dowould 倒不如 過去時，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚ㄌ摂M）would rather + 從句 過去完成時，表示過去（虛擬）would rather have done 本來想而未實現(xiàn)I would rather you didnt. 常用來表示委婉拒絕別人的請求prefer to do sth rather than do s

29、th 寧愿也不eg: He would rather walk than take a bus.Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends.I would rather you went right now.Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day.8. lead to 導(dǎo)致；造成（后果）；通往，通向lead sb to do sth 使某人做某事lead / live / have alife 過樣的生活lead sb into 帶某人進入lead

30、 the way 引路，帶路eg: All roads lead to Rome.What led you to think so?The cigarette end led to the fire.9. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.what is / was called或what people call / called是習(xí)慣用法，意為“所謂的；人們常說的”，相當(dāng)于so-called。其中引導(dǎo)詞what在此句中相當(dāng)于“the + n. + that”結(jié)構(gòu)。本句可改為Dr Yuan Longping grow

31、s the rice that is called super hybrid rice.eg: At last, they reached what is called the New America.He graduated from what was called a key high school.練習(xí)：1. We all should have confidence in ourselves in the of life. A. struggle B. battle C. fight D. war2. In order to prevent the disease to other d

32、istricts, the authorized organization killed thousands and thousands of cows. A. extending B. spreading C. expanding D. stretching3. Your education will you to earn a good living. Work hard from now on. A. associate B. equip C. relate D. feed4. -What you said made her unhappy. -I regret that. A. say

33、ing B. to say C. said D. to have said5. Finally the farmer was reduced his land. A. to sell B. to have sold C. to selling D. selling6. I tried various ways to (驅(qū)除廚房中的蒼蠅).7. I debt now. 現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)還清債務(wù)了。8. I would rather the football match last night with my friends. Otherwise, I would have finished my pap

34、e- rwork by now. A. not have watched B. not watch C. hadnt watched D. havent watched9. -Would you rather there tomorrow? -No, Id rather he there instead of me. A. to go; will go B. go; went C. go; will go D. going; shall go10. What led you the conclusion? A. from B. to C. for D. in11. Just as sound

35、travels through the air in waves, so electricity travels through the air in radio waves. A. what is called B. which is called C. what it is called D. which it is calledUnit 3 A taste of English humourcontent, astonish, entertain, direct, particular, badly off, pick out, cut off1. content adj. 滿足的；滿意

36、的 n. 內(nèi)容；目錄；容量；滿足 vt. 使?jié)M足be content to do sth 樂于做某事be content with 對滿足 / 滿意do sth to ones hearts content 心滿意足地、盡情地做某事content oneself with 滿足于；使（某人）自己對感到滿足eg: That rich man is tired of city life, so he is content to live in the country.He got a new job in a hotel and he is content with it.As he had to

37、 drive home after the party, he contented himself with two glasses of beer.We can swim in the river to our hearts content.注：content作形容詞，通常作表語、后置定語或狀語，作前置定語時要用contented，如a contented expression滿足的表情；在充當(dāng)表語表示“非常滿意”時，用be well content而不能用be very content。2. astonish vt. 使驚詫astonish sb with / by sth 用某事使某人驚

38、訝be astonished at / by sth 對某事感到驚訝be astonished to do sth 驚訝地做某事astonished adj. 感到吃驚的astonishment n. 驚訝astonishing adj. 令人吃驚的at ones astonishment 使某人驚訝的是in astonishment 吃驚的eg: That he passed the English test astonished everyone.They were all astonished to hear China won 51 gold medals in the Beijing

39、 Olympics.To our astonishment, he actually arrived punctually.= What astonished us was that he actually arrived punctually.3. entertain vt.&vi. 使歡樂；款待entertain sb (to sth) 宴客；招待；款待（尤指在自己家中）entertain sb (with sth) （用）使某人快樂entertain sb as 把某人當(dāng)招待entertaining adj. 愉快的；有趣的entertainment n. 招待；款待；娛樂片；演

40、出eg: I entertained my friends to dinner yesterday evening.He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes.The man entertained the children with all kinds of tricks.Its not a very serious film, but a good entertainment.4. direct vt.&vi. 導(dǎo)演；指揮；指示 adj. 徑直的；直接的；直率的 adv. 直接地direct sb to do sth

41、 指示（令）某人做某事direct + that從句 (謂語動詞用虛擬語氣)direct sb to a place 告訴某人去某地in the direction of 朝方向under the direction of 在指導(dǎo)下in all directions (= in every direction) 朝四面八方directly adv. “直接地”，也可作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“一就”辨析direct / directly： direct指行進中不停步，不繞道，直奔目的地。 directly指以一種直接的方式。表時間時，指“立刻，不拖延”之意。eg: The police o

42、fficers had been directed to search the building.Can you direct me to the post office?At the sound of the gun, the birds flew in all directions.Directly the teacher came in, everyone was quiet.The next flight doesnt go direct to Rome. It goes by way of Pairs.5. particular adj. 特殊的，特別的；挑剔的 n. 細節(jié)，細目be

43、 particular about / over sth 對講究，挑剔in particular 尤其，特別；格外辨析especially / specially / particularly： especially指某事超乎一般的重要，強調(diào)“超過其他”；常用于一些強調(diào)需要得到特別注意或特別待遇的場合，含有對比的意味。 specially多指為了某一特定目的而專門做某事。 particularly表示“特別地，尤其地”，可以與especially互換，但particularly還可作“詳細地，細致地”講，側(cè)重指從同類中把特例選出，強調(diào)在某一方面表現(xiàn)尤為突出。eg: The girl is ve

44、ry particular about her food.She loves the song in particular / particularly, because her mother used to sing it.I have nothing particular to do today.This kind of bike is specially designed for children.6. badly off 窮的；缺乏的be well off 境況很好；富裕be better off 境況較好be worse off 更窮的worse and worse 越來越壞；每況愈

45、下go from bad to worse to make matters worse = (and) what is worse而更糟糕的是eg: Ive got quite a big room so Im not too badly off.The school is rather badly off for books and equipment.We shouldnt complain about being poor because many families are much worse off.7. pick out 挑出；辨別出pick up 拾起，撿起；收拾，整理；（偶然）

46、學(xué)會；用車接某人；收聽到；身體好轉(zhuǎn)pick oneself up 跌倒后站起來pick up with sb 結(jié)識某人pick and choose 挑三揀四eg: Read the play again and pick out the major theme.See if you can pick me out in this photo.The bus picks up passengers outside the airport.8. cut off 切掉，割掉；分離，隔離（常跟from）；中斷cut across 抄近路穿過；徑直穿過cut away 切掉；剪掉cut down 砍倒

47、；殺死；削減；縮短cut in 插嘴；突然插入cut into halves / pieces 切成兩半 / 碎塊cut out 切掉；刪掉cut up 切碎；使喪氣；使痛心eg: The countrys economy would collapse if oil supplies were cut off.She kept cutting in on our conversation.Lets cut out the unimportant details.The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking.9. Charlie first pi

48、cks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.本句as if引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示與當(dāng)時狀況不相符的狀況，故用虛擬語氣。 as if引導(dǎo)從句用陳述語氣的情況： 當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為句子所陳述的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實時，從句用陳述語氣。 as if引導(dǎo)從句用虛擬語氣的情況：a. 從句動詞表示的動作在時間上與主句動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，從句動詞用過去式。b. 從句動詞表示的動作在時間上比主句動詞表示的動作早發(fā)生，從句動詞用had done。c. 從句動詞表示的動作在時間上比主句動詞表示的動作晚發(fā)生，從句動詞用would /

49、could / might + do。eg: It looks as if it is going to rain.He talks as if he knew where she was.He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.練習(xí)：1. 她目前對自己的工作非常滿意。 2. To our , the boss wasnt at the news at all. A. astonishment; astonish; astonished B. astonishment; astonished; astonishing C. asto

50、nish; astonished; astonishing D. astonishment; astonishing; astonished3. My wife them as honoured guests. A. entertained B. interested C. amused D. encouraged4. , I had no difficulty in finding the famous actors house. A. Directing by Jack B. I was directed by Jack C. With Jack directing me D. Jack

51、directed me5. On Teachers Day, we all went to school to see our teachers. A. especially B. specially C. particularly D. attentively6. 使事情更糟的是，在我們行進過程中，天下起了雨。 7. Youll soon health when you get to the seaside. A. pick out B. pick up C. pick on D. pick at8. -Any suggestion? -Youd better the last senten

52、ce as it is rather misleading. -Sounds reasonable. Then could you a good ending to it? A. put out; increase B. leave out; add C. pick out; find D. knock out; choose9. He had his finger in an accident at work. A. cut off B. broken in C. hung up D. put down10. -So strange, I got in the middle of the conver- sation. I