外文翻譯MBA教務管理系統(tǒng)的設計與開發(fā)_圖文

1、畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文翻譯題 目 專 業(yè) 班 級 學 號學 生指導教師 教師助理:一個基于Web 的應用程序使用Java Server Pages，Java 數(shù)據(jù)庫連通性計算機科學系加利福尼亞州立大學，富勒頓摘要 本文討論了一種基于網絡的應用程序，是聯(lián)系教育者對社會的主導資源。本網站提供的是個別教師和學校組織的一種簡單而有效的溝通手段的學校/課程相關信息社會對教育也提供了有關各方的課堂互動和反饋給教師的在線工具。本文使用Java 2企業(yè)版的一些新的應用工具開發(fā)基于Web 的應用程序的可行性和演示了這一新技術的特點。1、簡介一切都是“dot com”的這些天，有很好的理由。在沒有這樣一個強大的機制

2、來交換信息之前。過去，你會派遣一個使者。然后是電力，允許代碼高速傳輸。莫里斯代碼的發(fā)明和信息可以在很短的時間內傳輸很長的距離，接下來來電話，收音機和電視等。這些都是非常強大的通信機制，但缺乏一種或另一種方式?；ヂ?lián)網使人們找到特定的信息，他們有比以往任何時候都更快，更大量的信息。這個項目的特定領域的目標是建立一個應用程序，將協(xié)助教師交流信息的一個特定的學生的父母或監(jiān)護人。教師助手會成為家長和教師之間的必要的通信路徑。這個技能現(xiàn)在是可能和可行的因特網的出現(xiàn)和個人電腦的。本文還闡述了有效的使用面向對象的方法設計和編程。面向對象分析（OOA ），該項目使用的“用例”。用例已經成為在需求收集和了解，需要

3、解決的問題的標準方法。面向對象設計（OOD ），該項目采用統(tǒng)一建模語言（UML ） 1 。面向對象編程（OOP ） 2 ，該項目使用Java 編程語言。2、系統(tǒng)設計教師助理的設計分為三層，最低層是數(shù)據(jù)層，數(shù)據(jù)層包含持久性數(shù)據(jù)存儲。下一層是業(yè)務邏輯，業(yè)務邏輯層包含業(yè)務具體的信息，決定如何將數(shù)據(jù)格式化。上面一層是表示層。數(shù)據(jù)是使用一個小客戶端解決方案使用Web 瀏覽器和標準的HTML 文件格式。這將允許最大的在客戶端系統(tǒng)規(guī)格的靈活性。圖1給出了物理打破關閉系統(tǒng)。 圖2描述了每個被確定為教師助理需要的集成對象。此圖確定了其中的每個對象的外部接口。雖然這個圖不顯示這些對象的基數(shù)，這個圖是非常有用的在決

4、定哪些類需要建立與數(shù)據(jù)接口創(chuàng)建。此圖是最有用的一個開發(fā)者。移民從用例的順序圖，然后以這類關系圖有助于把用戶的需求直接應用。數(shù)據(jù)服務器層采用典型的關系型數(shù)據(jù)庫。在該應用程序中我們選擇了兩個不同的數(shù)據(jù)庫顯示，包括該系統(tǒng)的靈活性和可擴展性。從業(yè)務邏輯層對數(shù)據(jù)庫的連接是通過Java 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接（JDBC ）驅動程序。這些允許的業(yè)務邏輯被寫在選擇的存儲依賴小。數(shù)據(jù)傳輸是通過這些司機一個透明的連接。兩個數(shù)據(jù)庫選擇微軟Access 97對微軟的Windows NT系統(tǒng)和IBM 的DB2在Linux 操作系統(tǒng)。 要訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫的連接是通過JDBC ODBC 驅動程序，此驅動程序能夠連接到任何ODBC 兼容的數(shù)據(jù)

5、庫的能力和約束的體積，ODBC 是有限的可擴展性。這是申請的第一發(fā)展良好，但不宜用于部署應用程序。基于Linux 的DB2數(shù)據(jù)庫更靈活的和可擴展的。IBM DB2可以放在一個小的服務器如Linux 或Windows NT所有的方式到IBM 0S390主機。這個范圍內的增長具有可擴展的能力。教師的信息存儲數(shù)據(jù)庫結構是最能代表使用實體關系圖。此圖顯示表，域，域類型，主鍵，外鍵，備用鑰匙等。圖3顯示了用于捕獲的教師助理所需數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)庫結構。數(shù)據(jù)結構的定義和使用簡單的SQL 語句生成，這些陳述遵循SQL92標準。一個建議是不要把業(yè)務邏輯到數(shù)據(jù)庫。這將限制未來的應用可能想利用相同的數(shù)據(jù)范圍，數(shù)據(jù)是業(yè)務邏

6、輯層轉化為信息。業(yè)務邏輯層負責轉換成有用的信息，數(shù)據(jù)存儲，改造應在要求提交的單據(jù)的具體領域的要求，這一層可以分解成小元件彼此分離。再次，一個面向對象的設計來幫助建立可復用的目的，靈活的和可維護的代碼。對象的依賴關系示于圖4。信息的展示是成功應用的關鍵。如果該應用程序的用戶界面是很難使用的，需要一個大的學習曲線，該產品成功的概率是很低的。Java Server Pages （JSP ）的使用允許開發(fā)人員構建基本的HTML 結構和插入JSP 標簽后添加動態(tài)內容 3 。這是使用太陽StarOffice 5.1的網頁開發(fā)。JSP 標簽是后來加用jbuilder 。目前缺乏的是這個復雜建筑JSP 開發(fā)過

7、程的IDE 。圖5給出的是 “用戶”的畫面。 3、結論與本文相關兩個主要的工作目標的是建立教師助理的應用，引入了兩個新的技術：JSP 和JDBC 。這些目標已在本文中完成。此外，研究表明這些新技術是非常強大和生產為基礎的應用構建Web 方法。Java Server Pages（JSP ）在CGI 、ASP 或改進，建立動態(tài)Web 頁面的Java 餐巾。JSP 允許開發(fā)人員將傳統(tǒng)的HTML 標簽的JSP 標簽。Java 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接（JDBC ）被連接到任何關系數(shù)據(jù)庫 4 一個非常強大的接口 5 。教師助手程序可以作為教育系統(tǒng)有用的工具。教師和家長之間的溝通是很有限的。網絡和互聯(lián)網的力量消除這種限

8、制。這種通信機制已經改變了世界的面貌，將繼續(xù)允許傳遞信息，對所有的人有益的新的和令人興奮的方式。 4、參考文獻1G. J. Booch ，Rumbaugh ，雅各布森，統(tǒng)一建模語言的用戶指南，艾迪生衛(wèi)斯理1999。2 J. J.奧德爾J. 馬丁，面向對象的方法，機械工業(yè)出版社，1998。3 JSP開發(fā)指南，Sun Microsystems，http ：4 JDBC的用戶指南，Sun Microsystems，http ：www.j原文：Teachers Assistant: A Web-based Application using Java Server Pages and Java Dat

9、abaseConnectivitySusamma BaruaDepartment of Computer ScienceCalifornia State University, FullertonABSTRACT The paper presented here discusses a Web-based application that serves as a leading resource for linking educators to the community. This Website provides individual teachers and school organiz

10、ations a simple and effective means to communicate school/course-related information to theeducation community and also provides a means for interested parties to interact with the classroom and give feedback to the instructor online. The paper shows the feasibility of developing Web-based applicati

11、ons using several newapplication tools from the Java 2 Enterprise Edition and demonstrates some of the features of this new technology.1. INTRODUCTIONEverything is going "dot com" these days and with good reason. There has never been such a powerful mechanism to exchange information before

12、. It used to be that you would send a messenger by foot. Then came electricity that allowed for high-speed transfer of codes. Morris code was invented andmessages could be sent long distances in a very short period of time. Next came the telephone, radio and of course television. These all are very

13、powerful communication mechanisms but fall short in one way or another. The Internet allows people to pinpoint the specific information that they need faster than everbefore and has vast amount of information that could never be tapped before. The domain specific goal of this project is to build an

14、application that will assist teachers in communicating information to parents or guardians of a particular student. The Teachers Assistant will provide a necessary communication path between parents and teachers. This ability is now possible and feasible with the advent of the Internet and the usage

15、 of personal PC's. This paper alsodemonstrates the effectiveness of using an object oriented approach to analyze, design and programming. For object oriented analysis (OOA, the project uses "Use Cases". Use Cases have become a standard approach in requirements gathering and understandi

16、ng the problem that needs to be solved. For object oriented design (OOD, the project uses Universal Modeling Language (UML1. For object oriented programming (OOP 2, the project uses the Java programming language.2. SYSTEM DESIGNThe design of the Teachers Assistant is broken into three layers. The lo

17、west layer is the data layer. The data layer contains the persistent data that is stored for extended periods of time. The next layer is the business logic. The business logic layer contains business specific information that determines how the data will be formatted. The top layer is the presentati

18、on layer. Data is presented using a thin client solution using a Web browser and the HTML standard file format. This will allow for the most flexibility in client system specifications. Fig. 1 gives the physical break down of the system. Fig. 2 depicts the integration of each of the objects that wer

19、edetermined as needed for the Teachers Assistant. This diagram determines the external interfaces to each of these objects. Although this diagram does not show the cardinality of these objects, this diagram is very useful in determining what classes need to be built and the data and interfaces that

20、need to be created. This diagram is the most useful to a developer. The migration from the use cases to the sequence diagrams and then to this class diagram helps tie the userrequirements directly to the application. The data server layer uses a typicalrelational database. In this application we hav

21、e chosen two different databases to show that the system is flexible and scalable. The connectivity to the database from the business logic layer is through the Java DataBase Connectivity (JDBC drivers. These allow for the business logic to be written with little dependencies on the storage of choic

22、e. The transfer of data occurs through these drivers atransparent connection. The two databases chosen are Microsoft Access 97 on Microsoft Windows NT system and IBM's DB2 on Linux OS. The connection to the Access database is done via the JDBC/ODBC driver. This driver has the ability to connect

23、to any ODBC compliant database. The constraint is the volume. ODBC is limited in scalability. This is good for first development of the application but should not be used for deploying an application. The IBM DB2 on Linux database is more flexible and scalable. IBM DB2 can be put on a small server l

24、ike Linux or Windows NT all the way to an IBM OS390 Mainframe. This range of growth gives it the most scalable capabilities. The database structure to store the Teachers Assistant information is best represented using an Entity Relationship Diagram. This diagram will show tables, fields, field types

25、, primary keys, alternate keys, foreign keys, etc. Fig. 3 shows the database structure used to capture the data required for the Teachers Assistant. The data structure is defined and generated using simple SQL statements. These statements follow the SQL92 standard. One recommendation is not to put b

26、usiness logic into the database. This will limit the scope of future applications that may want to take advantage of the same data. The data is transformed into information at the business logic layer. The business logic layer is responsible for converting the data stored into useful information. Th

27、e transformation should be specific to the domain requirements presented in the requirement document. This layer can be broken into small components that are isolated from each other. Again, the goal of an Object Oriented Design to help build reusable, flexible and maintainable code. The object depe

28、ndencies are shown in Fig. 4. The presentation of the information is the key to a successful application. If the user interface of the application is difficult to use and requires a large learning curve then the probability that the product will be successful is low. The use of Java Server Pages (JS

29、P's allows the developer to build the basic HTML structures and insert the JSP tags later to add the dynamic content 3. This was developed using StarOffice 5.1 from Sun for the Web Pages. The JSP tags were added later using Jbuilder. There currently is a lack of IDE's for building JSP's. This complicated the development process. A screen shot of the "Subscriber view" is given in Fig. 5. 3. CONCLUSION The two main goals of the work related to this paper were to build the Teac