動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語語態(tài)整理

1、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)在英語中，不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來表示，這就叫做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。.般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. 表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。時(shí)間狀語：always, often, usually, sometimes, every day, nowand then, from time to time seldom, sometimes,frequently, every day/week/year ,on Sunday(s), He always takes a walk

2、after supper.Every one is in high spirits now.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：謂語直接用動(dòng)詞，但如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的時(shí)候要進(jìn)行變化。變化規(guī)則如下：一般直接在后面加 s 2.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i+es 3.以o,s, sh,ch,結(jié)尾的加es肯定句：主語 + 動(dòng)詞(s)+(賓語)We play football every after noon. Jack watches TV on Saturday eve ning.否定句：主語 +don t/doesn 動(dòng)詞原形 +( 賓語)+ Tom doesn clean his room in the mo

3、rning.They don goto the library on Mon day.一般疑問句：Do/Does+ 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + ？Does she live in Wuha n? Do you read En glish every morning?特殊疑問句：疑問詞 +do/does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+？When does he go to school every day?How do they help their frien ds?改錯(cuò)：1.He is often comes late. 2. I am miss my families. 3. I bought this r

4、adio here yesterday, but it isn twork. 4.The baby is healthy, but every now and the n he catch a cold.I.How ofte nAndy(surf) the in ternet?2._ your motherthe piano every Sunday?翻譯：1.我不具備學(xué)習(xí)品質(zhì)2.We usually go back in the evening./We are usually back in the evening2. Tom每天早晨都在記單詞2 表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理The sun ris

5、es in the east and sets in the west.。 Time and tide wait for no man.3. 表示主語的特征、能力和狀態(tài) 1)This cloth feels soft. 2) I love classical music.3) The Preside nt still seems able to find time to go fish ing.4)All the stude nts here bel ong to No.1 Middle School.5)The bottle hold a quarter of a pound of ink一

6、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特殊用法1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來動(dòng)詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。用于談?wù)摃r(shí)間表，節(jié)目單，或日程表上鎖安排好的事情比如說上課，飛機(jī)起飛，火車離站等.The train leaves at six tomorrow morningThe meet ing begi ns at 7:00.Whe n does the bus start? It starts in ten mi nu tes.We leave here at 8:00 sharp.The expre

7、ss from Beiji n to sha nghai(leave) at 8:452. 在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中表示將來動(dòng)作 if, unless, even if等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句； when, before, after, once, until, till, as soon as(the moment, immediately)等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀 yno matter what/who/which/when/where/how 或 whatever/whoever/whichever/whe never/ wherever /however 弓丨導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。Whe n you

8、 come n ext time, bring me some magaz in es. If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow.Will you help me to look for an important file I left in my office this morning immediately you(arrive)?三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：由is/am/are+doing構(gòu)成1. 表示目前(說話的瞬間)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。A: What are you doing? B: I am working at my new project.They

9、 are reading magazines in the library at the moment.2. 表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或者現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(說話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行)Mr. Green is writing another novel.doing 的變化規(guī)則：1).直接 +inghelp_helping 2.)以 e 結(jié)尾的去掉 e+ingleave_leaving3. )以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的先雙寫其輔音字母再+ing put_putting stop_stopping一個(gè) m 兩個(gè) d 兩個(gè) d 和 g (swim )(rod ,rid ) (dig,b

10、eg)三 n 四 p 十 t(run, win, begin) (dip, drop, mop, stop)( sit, hit, fit, let, set, get, put, reget ,forget, pat)翻譯：1這些天我的弟弟正在讀一本有趣的小說。2. 我們正在上英語課3. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.翻譯：手機(jī)在學(xué)生當(dāng)中變得越來越受歡迎。他跑的越來越快4現(xiàn)在/過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以和always,

11、 constantly, forever, all the time, continually等連用，表示說話人的主觀感情，如贊揚(yáng)、不滿、厭煩、憤怒、抱怨等情感。1) He was constantly leaving his things about. 2) He is always working hard.3) Theyre forever quarrelling about something.翻譯：1你總是在改變主意2 你總是忘記重要的事情5. go, come, leave, start, stay, arrive, begin, return,等少數(shù)表示來、去、開始、離開等意義的

12、瞬間動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排好的將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。一般都帶有表示未來的狀語Im leaving tomorrow Are you staying here till next week?Were moving to the new building next week六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has+過去分詞構(gòu)成)否定句在 have/has后面+not,疑問句將have/has提前。1. 表過去發(fā)生的某一個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者結(jié)果。(做了)常與just, already,yet recently, ever連用.They have (already) come back.

13、Has the plane arrived (yet)? We haven t cleaned our classroom.4) I have bought a book. When did you buy it?My father has just come back from Wuhan.2. 過去發(fā)生的某一個(gè)動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且還有可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。這時(shí)常和表一段的時(shí)間狀語連用.(for/since引導(dǎo)的狀語)I have lived here for three years.He has worked in/at that factory for 10 days.I have tau

14、ght in this school since 1990. He has worked here since he came back from Wuhan.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的固定句型：1) It/ This/ That s thfirst/second/thirdtime th從句中2) in/during/for/over the past/last+段時(shí)間的狀語連用時(shí)3)so far 4)up to now/up till now/by now/ eversince/these days5)表示過去發(fā)生過一次或多次的動(dòng)作，已成為某種經(jīng)驗(yàn)常與several times, once/twice/

15、three times/many times等頻度畐U詞連用時(shí) a. I have found him in the bar several times. b. He has been to Paris twice.c. We have seen the film three times.某些時(shí)間狀語女口 during/in/over the last/past +段時(shí)間， ever since, so far, up to now, these days等常與現(xiàn)在完 成時(shí)連用。Whether he agrees or no t, I will stay at home.If it(not r

16、ain) tomorrow, they(go) fishing.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs has increased五：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) ：have/has been doing1. 表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在可能剛剛結(jié)束，也可能仍要繼續(xù)。1) _Look! It is snowing. Yes. It has been snowing for half an hour.2) 1 have studied Eng

17、lish for six years.(此時(shí)沒有學(xué))I have been studying English for 3 hours, so I want to have a rest very much.(此時(shí)正在學(xué))六、一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。tomorrow, soon, next year,t he day aftertomorrow, from now on 1. shall/will+do(否定句在 will 后面加 not,will not=won 疑問句將 will 提前。)He will buy a bike next week.

18、We won t clean our classroom tomorrow.Will they build a house next year? Yes,they will./No,they won t.When will you write to him ?1) shall 用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱Will you please answer my question?2. be going to do (be is/am/are)(準(zhǔn)備、打算做某事)I am going to write 200 words tomorrow

19、.They aren t going to have a meeting next week.Are you going to watch TV this evening?When is Xiao Fang going to get married?1) be going to do是事先考慮/打算做某事，而shall/will do表示事先未考慮的意圖。 說話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的決定表示不受人的主觀意愿影響的單純的將來，一般只用will結(jié)構(gòu) Tomorrow will be Teacher day be to和be going to的用法之比較：be to表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。而be go

20、ing to則表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客觀安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.(主觀安排 )I m sorryhave forgotten to post your letter. - It doesn t matter.I will post it myself.2) 某種客觀跡象預(yù)示即將會(huì) 用 be going to Look at the cloud !It is going to rain heavily.3) 按自然規(guī)律必然會(huì) 用 wil

21、lWe will die when we are old./Man will die.3. be to do 1)表示(按計(jì)劃、安排)打算、將要做 A new hospital is to be built here.You are to visit the Great Wall first4. be about to do表示即刻就做，正要做，不和表將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。常用于下歹U句型：was/were about to do whenwas/were on the point of doingwhen5 .按照時(shí)間表、時(shí)刻表、計(jì)劃表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。My plan

22、e to Wuhan takes off at 3p.m.The fourth class begins at 11:15.will 和 be going to 填空 1tbe Wednesday tomorrow2. Bettywrite to her grand ma next week3. you please give him the letter 4. Inever do that again5. She has bought some cloth; shemake herself a dress 6. oh, what a heavy box! I can t lift it.Wh

23、at! Icarry it for you七:一般過去時(shí)1表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。常與表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用：yesterday,two years ago,last week,in 1990, the other day, the day before yesterday 謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞的過去式表示。過去式的變化規(guī)則：1.直接+ed 2.以e結(jié)尾的+d3.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的改y為i+ed 4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的雙寫其輔音字母再+ed 5.不規(guī)則變化肯定句：主語 + 過去式 + (賓語)+ They bought the house last year. 改錯(cuò)：S

24、he was wrote a letter yesterday. 否定句：主語 +didn+ 動(dòng)詞原形 + Tom didn t watch TV yesterday evening.改錯(cuò):I wasn clean my bedroom this morning.一般疑問句：Did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + ?Did you make a paper flower a few days ago?特殊疑問句：疑問詞 +did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+?What did you do yesterday?2. 所表達(dá)的事件與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。3.即使是剛剛發(fā)生的事情也要用過去時(shí)。_ _歡迎下載一定要注意沒有明顯

25、過去時(shí)間的語境題：1.Please say it again. I didn t catch/understand you.2. You are here! I didn t knc3dt s you ! I didn t recognize you. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：由 was/were+doing 構(gòu)成(否定句在 was/were后面加 not,疑問句將 was/were提前)1. 表示過去某一特定時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(this time yesterday,at eight yesterday evening,)1)I was studying English this time yeste

26、rday. 2)Were you watching TV at nine yesterday evening?3) They were not playing basketball that time last week.2. 表示過去某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。1) What did you do yesterday?(你昨天做了些什么？)2) What were you doing yesterday?(你昨天在做什么？)He(write) a book last year.but I don t know whether he has finished it.3. 表過去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候

27、另一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。(過去某一動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)，另一動(dòng)作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí))1)Whenthe teacher came in ,we were watching TV.2) What were you doing when your mother left yesterday?要注意語境題： 1._Did you notice him come in just now?Sorry,I didn twas looking out of the window.2. _They have left._Have they? Sorry, I was playing football.八. 過去完成時(shí)：had

28、+過去分詞1. 過去完成時(shí)表 過去的過去”可以用by, before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示，句中常用by, before,until, when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。1) .Before we arrived there, the train had left.2.When we arrived there, the train had left2) .Just now you told me you were from Wuhan. I had thought you were from Beijing3) n October, I remembered 200 words. 4.

29、 ) By/Before October, ,I had remembered 200 words.4) By the end of last year we had built five new houses.5) By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.2. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.3. 表示愿望、打算一類的詞，如：hope, expe

30、ct, mean, intend, want, think, suppose 等，其過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。I had hoped to see more of ShangHai.I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. I had thought you would come tomorrow.4. 過去完成時(shí)常用于虛擬條件從句和wish的賓語從句中，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。If we hadn t made adequate preparations , the conference wouldn

31、 t have been so successful.5. 過去完成時(shí)用于某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)It / This / That was the first / second time (that) +過去完成時(shí)It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.It was +段時(shí)間+ since+過去完成時(shí)It is / has been two months since I gave up smoking.It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful timeno sooner

32、than或-hardly when的主句謂語要用過去完成時(shí) 含“ by過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或“ by the time+般過去時(shí)”的句子常用過去完成時(shí)九. 過去將來時(shí)的用法表示從過去的某時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。由“would +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。如：1. 常用于賓語從句或間接引語中。They were sure that they would succeed.過去將來時(shí)的一些其它表達(dá)形式：1. was/ were+ going to+動(dòng)詞原形He said he was going to try.2. was/were + to+動(dòng)詞原形They said the railway was to

33、 be opened to traffic on May Day .3. was/ were about + 動(dòng)詞原形We were about to go out when it began to rain .一、一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別1）. 一般過去時(shí)只表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，不涉及對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的造成的影響。My family lived in Zhuhai ten years ago.（現(xiàn)在不在了）My family have lived in Zhuhai for 10 years.（目前還在珠

34、海）2）.過去時(shí)常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與不確定的或包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語.I studied in Zhongshan university in 2000.I have studied in Zhongshan university since 2000. （since 2000 表示從 2000 年至今，包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）I have just bought an apartment. （just 表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語）二主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義24. My brother is an actor. He(appear )in several films

35、 so far. he father as well as25. his three children( go )skati ng on the froze n river every Sun day after noon in wi nter.26. My frie nd, who(serve) on the Intern ati onal Olympic Committee all his life, is retiri ng n ext mon th.27. Ladies and gen tleme n, please faste n your seat belts. The plane

36、.( take off)28. 1.won t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he(work)on it fomore than an hour.29.I have to go to work by taxi because my car( repair) at the garage.30. The con struct ion of the two new railway lines( complet)_by now.31. My cous in went to Can ada two years ago.He(w

37、ork )there for a few mon ths and the n went to America.32. Edward, you play so well. But I(not, know) you played the pia no.33. This is the first time went( see) a film in the cin ema together as a family.1. 系動(dòng)詞 look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get,

38、 grow, keep + 形 容詞/名詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical. It has gone bad.2. need / want / require doing, be worth doing, be to blame 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。34. What is the price of petrol these daysOh, it(rise) sharply since last mon th.35.Over the past decades, sea ice(decrease )in the

39、Arctic as a result of global warm ing36.ln the last few years thousa nds of films( produce )all over the world.37.All visitors to this village ( treat )with kindness.單句改錯(cuò)t decid 斜The house his grandmother lives in needs repairing.3. 在“ be +形容詞+ to do中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。This kind of water isn t f

40、it toThengirl isn t easy to get along with.在解題時(shí)要注意以下幾個(gè)問題：1. 這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在什么時(shí)間？題干中可參照的時(shí)間信息有哪些？2. 這個(gè)動(dòng)作處于什么狀態(tài)？是進(jìn)行中，還是已結(jié)束(完成)？限制或修飾這個(gè)動(dòng)作的狀語信息有哪些？3. 這個(gè)動(dòng)作與主語的關(guān)系，是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)？I 適當(dāng)形式填空 1.Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He (do) it this morning.2. Let s keep to the point or we(not,reach)any decisio

41、ns.3. The window is dirty. I kno w. It(no t,clea n) for weeks.4.I (ask) you not to move my dictionary now I can t find it.5. What s the terrible noise The neighbours(prepare) for a party.6. he number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _(persuade) to eat more fruit and veg

42、etables.7. All the employees except the man ager( en courage ) to work on li ne at home.8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy( con sider ) going back to school, but she has n9. What were you doing when Tony phoned you?I had just finished my work andstart) to take a shower.10. The teacher, with 6 gir

43、ls and 8 boys of her class,( be ) visit ing a museum whe n the earthquake struck.II. More patients( treat ) in hospital this year than last year.12.She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book(reach) 50 million.1. The teacher told that the sun rose in the east. 2. I will speak to

44、him whe n I will see him next Sun day.3. I will get everythi ng ready before my boss come back. 4. Does your mother has lunch at home?5. He was writing a letter at the moment, I believe. 6. He cant be waiting us.7. I am look ing at the sky, and I see a stra nge star.8. I have nt see n her since two

45、mon ths.9. She has gone to Beijing several times.10. Jane is doing some cleaning this time yesterday.B 級(jí) 1. If it wont rain, we will go to visit the zoo.2. The new secretary will supposed to report to the man ager as soon as she arrives.3. When I was at college I spoke n three foreig n Ian guages, b

46、ut I had forgotte n all except a few words of each.4. The police found that the house has bee n broke n into and a lot of things stole n.5. The volleyball match will be put off if it rain. 6. Mary is mak ing a dress whe n she cut her fin ger.7. This is the first time I had been here. 8. You can join

47、 the club when you will get a bit older.9. Mother promised she will buy me a bike.10. - We could have walked to the station. It was so near.Yes. A taxi was nt at all n ecessary.I. His first nove receives good reviews si nce it came out last mon th.e most in structive lecture that I atte nded since I

48、 came to this school.3. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son graduated from college.4.It s high time that he do someth ing in stead of just talk ing.5.Shakespeare s play Hamlet has madeto at least ten different films over the past years.13. He kept look ing at her, won deri ng whethe

49、r he(see)her somewhere.14. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their weddi ng?No, I( not in vite) . Did they have a big weddi ng?15. Tur n on the televisi on or ope n a magaz ine and you(see) advertiseme nts show ing happy families.16. I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Isla nd for he

50、r holiday. - Ob, how nice! Do you know whe n she(leave)?17. The crazy fans(wait) patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.18. The first use of atomic weap ons was in 1945, and their power(be)i ncreased eno rmously ever since19. Although he has lived with us for years,

51、 he(leave)us much impressi on.20.I arrived late; I( not, expect ) the road to be so icy.21. The hero s story(report)differently in the newspapers.22. Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I( call) her now.23. He(lear n) more that 5,000 En glish words whe n he en tered the uni versit

52、y at the age of單句填空新課標(biāo)新高考新模式語法集訓(xùn)專題九：名詞性從句27. Doyou thi nk is right,they say.28t s known to usthere is pollution, there is harm.29.He made a promiseanyone set him free he would make him very rich.A . 2013真題演練1. 【2013 北京】 31. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.2.

53、 【2013 北京】 33. Experts believepeople can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.30.It was at the very begi nningMr. Fox made the decisi onwe should send more firefighters here.31would appreciateif you call back this afternoon for the doctor s appointment.32、It is very excitingwe are p

54、assing the flame in Shenzhen now.（ 傳遞火炬 ）3. Do no t let any failures discourage you, for you can n ever tell4. 【2013江西】5. 【2013山東】6【2013陜西】7. 【2013四川】8. 【2013天津】9. 【2013新課標(biāo)10【2013浙江】close you may be to victory.30.one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.30. It s good to knowthe dogs will

55、 be well cared for while we re away.20. It rema ins to be see nthe n ewly formed committee s policy can be put into practice.6.you said at the meeti ng describes a bright future for the compa ny.15. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my pare nts.I 卷 26. Police have foundappea

56、rs to be the lost ancient statue.16. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total beliefyou are better tha n anyone33、What we feel excited iswe are passing the flame in Shenzhen now.34、We are excited about newswe are passing the flame in Shenzhen.35、The news36、The news37、The news38、The newsMr. Li will be our new En glish teacher is true.he told me yesterday is true.he told me is that Mike would go abroad next year Mike would go abroad n ext year is told by him.39、She expressed the hopethey would come to visit Shan ghai aga in.40、The hopeshe expressed