ospf幀中繼環(huán)境下的配置精

1、OSPF在幀中繼環(huán)境中的解決方法OSPF 在幀中繼環(huán)境中的解決方法實驗目的】l 掌握 OSPF 在 NBMA 環(huán)境下不同的解決方法實驗拓撲】 【命令列表】 命令 描述l Frame-relay switchingl Encapsulation frame-relay 將接口封裝成幀中繼接口將路由器模擬成幀中繼交換機指定 DLCI 號的對應關系 設備路由器優(yōu)先級，手動指定 DR 手動指定鄰居將接口改為 BMA 廣播多訪問型l Ip ospf network non-broadcastl Ip ospf network point-to-multipointl Ip ospf network po

2、int-to-pointl frame-relay map ip IP address DLCI broadcastl show frame-relay routel show frame-relay mapl clear ip ospf processl Frame-relay intf-type dce 更改接口類型為 dcel Frame-relay route input dlci interface 出口 output dlci l Ip ospf priority 0-255l Neighbor IP address l Ip ospf network broadcast 將接口改

3、為 NBMA 非廣播多訪問型 將接口改為點到多點類型 將接口改為點到點類型手動指定 IP 地址和 DLCI 號的關系查看 DLCI 對應關系和狀態(tài)查看 IP 和 DLCI 號的對應關系重啟 OSPF 協(xié)議實驗過程】步驟一：配置 IPR1 接口IP 地址192.168.1.1S1/0L0IP 地址R2 接口S1/0L0R3 接口192.168.1.22.2.2.2IP 地址S1/0192.168.1.3L0 3.3.3.3* 注：接口必須封裝成幀中繼接口 步驟二：配置幀中繼及 DLCI 的對應關系Input IntfInput DlciOutput IntfOutput DlciSerial1/

4、0102Serial1/2201activeSerial1/0103Serial1/1301activeSerial1/1301Serial1/0103activeSerial1/2201Serial1/0102activeStatus說明幀中繼的配置沒問題。FRSWfrsw#show frame-relay routeFRSW frsw(config)#frame-relay switching frsw(config)#in s1/0 frsw(config-if)#encapsulation fram frsw(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay f

5、rsw(config-if)#frame-relay intf frsw(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce frsw(config-if)#frame-relay route 102 interface s1/2 201 frsw(config-if)#frame-relay route 103 interface s1/1 301 frsw(config-if)#no shutdown frsw(config-if)#in s1/1 frsw(config-if)#en frame-relay frsw(config-if)#frame-relay i

6、ntf-type dce frsw(config-if)#frame-relay route 301 interface s1/0 103 frsw(config-if)#no shutdown frsw(config-if)#in s1/2 frsw(config-if)#en frame-relay frsw(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce frsw(config-if)#frame-relay route 201 interface s1/0 102 frsw(config-if)#no shutdown 將路由器模擬成幀中繼，改變接口類型，配置

7、 DLCI 號的對應關系。 * 注：雖然不用配 IP， no shutdown 還是要打的。 步驟三：查看網(wǎng)絡是否正常處有接口處于激活狀態(tài)，R1 r1#show frame-relay mapSerial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), dynamic, broadcast,CISCO, status defined, activeSerial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), dynamic, broadcast, status defined, activer1#pin

8、g 192.168.1.2Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:IllllSuccess rate is 100 perce nt (5/5), roun d-trip mi n/avg/max = 312/609/864 ms r1#ping 192.168.1.3Type esca pe seque nee to abort.Sen di ng 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.3, timeou

9、t is 2 seco nds: iiiiiSuccess rate is 100 perce nt (5/5), roun d-trip min/avg/max = 448/608/720 ms 路由器動態(tài)學習到了 DLCI號和IP的對應關系，測試說明是正常的。R2 r2#show frame-relay mapSerial1/0 (u p): ip 192.168.1.1 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), dyn amic, broadcast,CISCO, status defin ed, activer2#ping 192.168.1.1Type esca pe seque

10、 nee to abort.Sen di ng 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seco nds: iiiiiSuccess rate is 100 perce nt (5/5), roun d-trip min/avg/max = 432/613/864 ms r2#pi ng 192.168.1.3Type esca pe seque nee to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.3, timeout is 2 seco nds:Success rat

11、e is 0 percen t (0/5)可以看到路由器沒有 R3的IP和DLCI號的對應關系，不能進行通訊。R3r3#show frame-relay mapSerial1/0 (u p): ip 192.168.1.1 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), dyn amic,broadcast, status defi ned, activer3#ping 192.168.1.1Type esca pe seque nee to abort.Sen di ng 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seco nds

12、: iiiiiSuccess rate is 100 perce nt (5/5), roun d-trip min/avg/max = 576/692/864 ms r3#ping 192.168.1.2Type esca pe seque nee to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seco nds:Success rate is 0 percen t (0/5)路由器上沒R2的IP和DLCI號的對應關系，也不能進行通訊。 步驟四：啟用OS PF協(xié)議R1r1(c on fig)#route

13、r ospf 1r1(c on fig-router)# network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0r1(co nfig-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R2r2(con fig)#router ospf 1r2(c on fig-router)# network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0r2(co nfig-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R3r3(c on fig)#router ospf 1r3(co nfig-router)#

14、 network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0r3(c on fig-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0配置OSPF協(xié)議，查看路由表，如下：R1r1#show ip routeC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly conn ected, Serial1/0r1#show ip ospf n eighborR2r2#show ip routeC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly conn ected, Serial1/0r2#show ip ospf n eighborR3r3#s

15、how ip routeC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly conn ected, Serial1/0r3#show ip ospf n eighborOSPF并沒有學到任何條目，從查看鄰居的命令可以看出他們都沒有鄰居。原因是幀中繼是 二層尋址，而OSPF的鄰居的形成是通過三層尋址。步驟五：OSPF在幀中繼環(huán)非全網(wǎng)狀環(huán)境下的解決方法方法一：在默認 NBMA環(huán)境下手動指定鄰居，DR , IP和DLCI的對應關系。R1r1(c on fig-if)#router ospf 1r1(c on fig-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.2r1(c on fi

16、g-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.3 r1(co nfig)#in s1/0r1(c on fig-if)# ip ospf p riority 255 r1#clear ip ospf pro cessReset ALL OSPF p rocesses? no: y R2r1#clear ip ospf pro cessReset ALL OSPF p rocesses? no: yr2(con fig)#router ospf 1r2(c on fig-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 r2(co nfig-router)#i n s1/

17、0r2(c on fig-if)# ip ospf p riority 0r2#clear ip ospf pro cessReset ALL OSPF p rocesses? no: y R3r3(config)#router ospf 1 r3(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 r3(config-router)#in s1/0 r3(config-if)#ip ospf priority 0 r3#clear ip ospf process Reset ALL OSPF processes? no: y 將三臺路由器手動指定鄰居，把 R1 的優(yōu)先級改

18、為最高，使其的 DR 地位不會變更， R2 和 R3 的改為 0，不參與 DR 選舉，再重啟 OSPF 使手動更改生效。查看路由表如下： R1 r1#show ip route1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback02.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets2.2.2.2 110/65 via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:24, Serial1/0 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets3.3.3.3 110/65 via

19、 192.168.1.3, 00:00:24, Serial1/0C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 R2 r2#show ip route1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets1.1.1.1 110/65 via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:04, Serial1/0 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsOC

20、192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0居然學到了 R3 的環(huán)回地址，但他的下一跳在上面的測試中是不可達的，重新驗證下， r2#ping 3.3.3.3Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:3.3.3.3 110/65 via 192.168.1.3, 00:00:04, Serial1/0Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) 和上面的測試結果一樣，由于幀中繼是二層通

21、過 DLCI 號尋址，他跟本不知道 192.168.1.3 從哪個 DLCI 號出去，所以 PING 不通，手動配置下 IP 和 DLCI 號的關系后再驗證。 r2(config)#in s1/0r2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.3 201 broadcastr2#show frame-relay mapSerial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.1 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), dynamic,broadcast,CISCO, status defined, activeSerial1/0 (up): ip 1

22、92.168.1.3 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), static,broadcast,CISCO, status defined, active 可以看到配置生效了，為了保險起見，看下 R3 的路由表R3r3#show ip route1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets1.1.1.1 110/65 via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:11, Serial1/02.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets2.2.2.2 110/65 via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/03.0.

23、0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0CC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 可以看到 R3 也學到了 R2 的環(huán)回地址，和 R2 一樣，都沒有 DLCI 號的對應關系，這時即使R2的數(shù)據(jù)能到達R3, R3也不能進行回應，所以也必須手動配置 IP和DLCI的對應關系。 r3(config)#in s1/0r3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 301 broadcast r3#sho

24、w frame-relay mapSerial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.1 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), dynamic, broadcast, status defined, activeSerial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.1.2 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), static, broadcast,CISCO, status defined, active 配置完成后，分別到兩臺路由器上進行驗證。R2r2#ping 3.3.3.3Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-b

25、yte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds: !R3 r3#ping 2.2.2.2Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:!成功解決了問題，該方法是有效的，但手配置的步驟太多，再看下其他方法是否更簡單。方法二：使用 Ip ospf network broadcast 命令將接口改成 BMA 多路訪問廣播類型R1r1(config)#in s1/0r1(config-if)#ip ospf net

26、work broadcastR2r2(config)#in s1/0r2(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcastR3r3(config)#in s1/0r3(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcast在路由器的接口下改變接口為 BMA 廣播多路訪問類型，默認情況下是 NBMA 非廣播多路訪問類型。R1r1#show ip route1.0.0.0/24 is sub netted, 1 sub nets1.1.1.0 is directly conn ected, Loop back02.0.0.0/32 is sub nette

27、d, 1 sub nets2.2.2.2 110/65 via 192.168.1.2, 00:01:57, Serial1/03.0.0.0/32 is sub netted, 1 sub nets3.3.3.3 110/65 via 192.168.1.3, 00:01:57, Serial1/0C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly conn ected, Serial1/0R2r2#show ip route1.0.0.0/32 is sub netted, 1 sub nets1.1.1.1 110/65 via 192.168.1.1, 00:10:15, Ser

28、ial1/02.0.0.0/24 is sub netted, 1 sub nets2.2.2.0 is directly conn ected, Loop back03.0.0.0/32 is sub netted, 1 sub netsOC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly conn ected, Serial1/0學到了 R3的環(huán)回地址，而且下一跳192.168.1.1路由器是知道怎么走的，難道成功了，測試下：3.3.3.3 110/129 via 192.168.1.1,00:10:15, Serial1/0 r2#ping 3.3.3.3Type esca pe

29、seque nee to abort.Se ndi ng 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seco nds:奇怪了，為什么會不通，路由器除了沒有到192.168.1.3的而192.168.1.1的對應關系是有的，難道 R3不能回復，看下R3r3#show ip route1.0.0.0/32 is sub netted, 1 sub nets1.1.1.1 110/65 via 192.168.1.1, 00:09:27, Serial1/02.0.0.0/32 is sub netted, 1 sub nets2.2.2.2 1

30、10/129 via 192.168.1.1,00:09:27, Serial1/03.0.0.0/24 is sub netted, 1 sub nets3.3.3.0 is directly conn ected, Loop back0DLCI對應關系外其他的都正常,R3的路由表再說。CC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly conn ected, Serial1/0很清楚的看到，路由器能回應R2的環(huán)回地址，但不能回應192.168.1.2,因為沒有他的 DLCI的對應關系，而使用ping命令時源地址默認使用的是離目標最近的地址，也就是192.168.1.2,所以 pin

31、g 不通，在 R2 上以源地址為環(huán)回口 ，用擴展 ping 命令測試下。R2r2#pingTarget IP address: 3.3.3.3Source address or in terface: 2.2.2.2Se ndi ng 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seco nds:R2 和 R3 上 DLCI 號的對應關系就行了。Packet sent with a source address of 2.2.2.2 ! 說明上面的推理是正確的，這時只需要手工配置 R2 r2(config-if)#frame-relay ma

32、p ip 192.168.1.3 201 broadcast R3 r3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 301 broadcast 配置完成，測試結果如下：R2 r2#ping 3.3.3.3Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds: !R3 r3#ping 2.2.2.2Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to

33、 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !測試成功。方法三：使用 Ip ospf network point-to-multipoint 命令將接口改成點到多點類型 R1r1(config)#in s1/0 r1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipointR2 r2(config)#in s1/0 r2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipointR3 r3(config)#in s1/0 r3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-mul

34、tipoint 在三臺路由器上將接口改變?yōu)辄c到多點類型后，查看路由表如下：R1 r1#show ip route1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback02.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets2.2.2.2 110/65 via 192.168.1.2, 00:01:34, Serial1/03.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets3.3.3.3 110/65 via 192.168.1.3, 00:01:34, Serial1/0

35、 192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0192.168.1.3/32 110/64 via 192.168.1.3, 00:01:34, Serial1/0192.168.1.2/32 110/64 via 192.168.1.2, 00:01:34, Serial1/0R2r2#show ip route1.0.0.0/32 is sub netted, 1 sub nets1.1.1.1 110/65 via 192.168.1.1, 00:01:38, Serial1/02.0.0.0/24 is sub netted, 1 sub nets2.2.2.0 is directly conn ected, Loop back03.0.0.0/32 is sub netted, 1 sub nets3.3.3.3 110/129 via 192.