多孔NiTi形狀記憶合金研究進(jìn)展

1、216Vol.21No.6 200712CHINESE JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH December2007NiTi(51064010NiTi,:(1 (NiTi;(2NiTi;(3NiTi,.,NiTi,NiTi.,NiTi,TG1391005-3093(200706-0561-09Recent advances in research and development of porousNiTi shape memory alloysZHANG XinpingZHANG Yupeng(School of Mechanical Engineering,South

2、 China University of Technology,Guangzhou510640 *Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China No.50471038and50671037.Manuscript received on November24,2006;in revised form on May14,2007.*To whom correspondence should be addressed,TelEmail:mexzhang ABSTRACT This paper presen

3、ts a comprehensive review on state-of-the-art of the research and application of porous NiTi shape memory alloys(SMAs,including:(1development history and evolution of the porous NiTi SMAs,microstructural features,mechanical and functional properties of the porous NiTi SMAs;(2main processing methods

4、for fabricating the porous NiTi SMAs,advantages and disadvantages of these methods;(3phase transformation and superelasticity behaviors of the porous NiTi SMAs witha comparison to that of the dense NiTi SMAs.Finally,an overview of future trends in the research andapplication of the porous NiTi SMAs

5、has been given,in particular for biomedicaleld as human body hard tissue implantation and repair materials,intelligent structure and damping deviceeld;and some important research issues on the porous NiTi SMAs are discussed.KEY WORDS metallic materials,porous NiTi alloys,reviews,shape memory eect,su

6、perlasticity, biomaterialNiTi,.NiTi89%20601,.2070, 2090.*5047103850671037. 20061124;2007514.:,.NiTi(,;(, (Ingrowth,(Stress shielding eect.,56221NiTi25.NiTi6,7,;,812.2090NiTi,1320.NiTi(,2123.NiTi(2428.NiTi(6%8%,10%.(.,NiTi,NiTi.,TiNi3(,.,NiTi,29,.,3,.10NiTi,NiTi,NiTi;NiTi(,NiTi.1NiTiNiTi,Ni3Ti Ti2Ni

7、Ni4Ti3.,.,NiTi.,NiTi11,30.,NiTi15,.NiTi,.,(1000,4hNi3Ti18.,.,.NiTi(,.,NiTi,(re-model., NiTi.NiTi,.,.NiTi.,NiTi.,9,10,31; ,.NiTi.,NiTi NiTi6:NiTi563,15.,NiTi.,Ni,Ni;NiTi 50%Ni,Ni;,NiTi,Ni.32, NiTi Ni.,NiTi.,NiTi.,NiTi,(.,NiTi.2NiTi,:.33.,NiTi(1310(6.45g/cm3,.,NiTi,NiTi,NiTi.,Ni Ti NiTi,(conventional

8、sintering,CS3436(selfpropagation hightemperature synthesis,SHS11,3739(hot isostatic pressing,HIP8,17,19,20,40(sparking plasma sintering, SPS41,42.2.1Ti Ni,(<45%19.TiH2,13.,Ni,(,34;Ti,(Ni.,.2.2,.;,.NiTi,(30%70%.;,37,43. TiH2Ti,44;,TiH2.NiTi,.,NiTi11.,;,.2.3NiTi15,19,20,29,40,45.:,;,;,.,(.NiTi15,20

9、,56421.,NiTi,NiTi;,.2.4, ,42.,(12%15%.,.,33.3NiTi, NiTi.NiTi,:,;,.(1%2%5;NiTi8%10%46,NiTi.NiTi,NiTi,.3.1NiTiNiTi.NiTi(B2(B19.NiTi,.NiTi B2B19 NiTi,Ti2Ni Ni3Ti;(.,.A s. ,.,.NiTi,47.NiTi,.,NiTi17,48,49.NiTi,Ni NiTi,;,R;50.NiTi,;,NH4HCO3NiTi51.,NiTi ,NiTi.,NiTi,(400,;400500;500,;,;DSC.,.,;NiTi NiTi Ti2

10、Ni Ni4Ti3 ,Ni4Ti3,Ti2Ni.,NiTi.Ni4Ti3,.Ni4Ti3NiTi., Ni4Ti3,;,Ni4Ti3,R,;,Ni4Ti3,6:NiTi56546,52.,Ni NiTi,Ni4Ti3 Ni.Ni0.1%,10,.,Ni4Ti3 ,NiTi Ni,.,DSC.,.4751h4502h DSC48,NiTi.NiTi(Nb Cu,52.NiTi,NiTi,.3.2NiTi,NiTi;NiTi,.NiTi,.,NiTi2%5%,.,NiTi;,;,NiTi15.,NiTi,.,42;.,Ni4Ti3.,R.,.773K/1h,NiTi(Ti51at.%Ni., Ni

11、4Ti3,53.,.,NiTi15.,NiTi3.NiTi,.NiTi,.,;15.,NiTi,4%54.,.4%,(30%NiTi.,NiTi.(MoriTanaka Selfconsistent8,55,(,.,NiTi.NiTi.,NiTi56,57, NiTi;NiTi,.4NiTi,NiTi566  µ ÃË Ò Ë Ý£. ¦° Þ Ý ¡Þ µ¢ Ä £½   ÕÄ

12、;Ò ÕÄ , Ö ¤Ã Å Ë , µ Ë Þ µ¡ , ¡ÆÞÝ£. ÓÃ, ¡Ã¡ ÖÕ©ÎÙ Ø ° µ Þ . ¡Þ, ¡ Þ ©ß ¿ ˪ . ´ 

13、2;, Þ ¢ Å Î Ø ¡ ¬© Þ Ñ , ÞÂÒ ¨ Ë Ì Ø Þ ¡Þ ¶ ¡ ¹Þ Õ Ý£. ¬, Æ µÏÕ , Àª   À ÐØ § ¡ Í £ , 

14、3; ƽ Ê, Þ © ¡ É «. ½ Ò ÕÄ Þ׿ ÒÂÒ ¨Þ ˫ݧ Ý £, Ó Ã¶ ¡ ¹Þ Õ ½ , ¡ ¹Þ° Ý Ë Ê ¬Æ £

15、, Àµ Ë ¸ ¦Þ© . ß NiTi Î ­ÕÄ ° Þ µ Ò ß Þ È Î, ¡Þ ° ÁÝ ¦ É ·  ÐÆ ­ÕÄ Ý ´¬ÚÏΠ À Í Ò

16、;££ . , Þ ¡Þ µ ± . ; ß NiTi Î ÒÎÍ££  NiTi ÕĦ ¦ Ó 21 Ì ½¹. Óà ÁÞ ¥ À¶ ß NiTi ÕÄ ¡ ¹Þ Õ Æ¢ ÝÊ

17、61;¿ , ½ È §Ä ¡ÞÞ© Ñ¡¡. 5 Ò µ © ± ¦ Ó Ò µ Õ, Ê µÏÕ Ã ß NiTi ÕÄ Þ Ô Ë È Å ÞÔ , ½¹ Õ. Ý ßÉ ,

18、 ݶ ß NiTi Î ­ÕĦ ¾ ´Í Ú ÐÚÒÏÎ¬Ú ²º, Ý Í Ð Ø ¡, § ÍÕÎÔ Þ À £ 4,6,7 . Ó ÃÖ ¢½Ê , Ö 

19、21;¾ , ¡± à ÕÄÞ µ¢ ß NiTi Î ­Õ ÄÞÀ©¶½Á , ß ÈµÒ Ëµ È ¦ Ù Ý £. ß ¿ © Ø Ô Þ ² . Æß¿¹ È,

20、̵ ß¿¹ É ß ¿ ¹ Þ ß NiTi ÕÄ, ÝË Óß ¿ ¶ Ô Þ Þ° . ´¡± , ß NiTi ÕÄ ° Ni « ÌÞ° , Ý ÖÊ µ ,ª Æ

21、76; Ni « Ì Ê ¡. ÓÃ ß È µ ²Ý¢È, ß¿É Ý ¬. NiTi ÕÄÖ Þ«  « Ò ± ¦ ½ÕÄ, ȧ ßÉ. , Ë  ¡ÒÚ Ï¡ 

22、 ß NiTi Õ ¡ Ý Þ± . ÄÊ ¹ (5 d §µ Ï , Ý ß NiTi ÕÄ Þ ß ¿ ÉÒ µ «Ý§ Á ¡ Ô Þ ¥ 32 (HA Þ À, ° À ¡ Ni « Ì . ± ½&#

23、169; ß¿, Ë ß NiTi ÕÄÞ Ni « ¦ © ¦ © ¦ ­­ ­£ ­ ­ ­ ´ NiTi ÕÄ ° ÖØ Ý Þ ÍË , ݧ ½ÍÈ ; ³ ´Ø ­ ÞÎ

24、60;É ­À , ³Ý§ ¦ §©Ø § . ¬, NiTi ÕÄ ÆÀµ Õ ÎÁ«Õ Õ (Hybrid Composite, ݧ Ö °   §©  °ØÃË, Á ÐË È. ß NiTi

25、 Î ­ÕÄÕ ß ÈÞ Ö °­ Þ Í Ë, ° NiTi ÕÄÖ ° Þ¡ ­ À . Ó µ 15, ß ¿ ÎÒß Þ ¸ ¾ Ö Í Ë°Ø Þ . ¿Þß¿

26、  Ô Þߪ¸¾« Àµ ÞÉÐ, Ö Í Ë. ß NiTi ÕÄ ²ÞÓÞ Ò ½Í ÈÕÝ Í ÖË Ð±Ë ÌÛ, §¹É©Ë, ½ Í©&

27、#222;ʯ. ÓÃ, ß NiTi ÕÄ ÐË ÈÒ§©Ø ± Þ Ó ¶ Û. ´ NiTi Î ­ÕÄ ½Í È  ÈÒ§©Ø ÞÓ Ò , ¦ ¨Ý ¡ÂÁ . 

28、2; ÛÞ È · Ò Þ½ 58 ȵ¦½ Í©Ò , Ó Ö ×¡ NiTi ÕÄ Þ Ô ÍÞ µµ 59,60 . ¬, Ò Î ­¦ Þ Ö Ê ¯ÒÍ©§ ¡¨ ¡&#

29、222; , È Æ É 61,62 Æ ¨ . , ßÒ NiTi ÕÄ Ð Ë ÈÒ§©Ø Þ ÂÝ ¡ ± 62,63 , ÖÕ ÝÞ°: (1 Ù , §©Ø ° Þ ÐÆ (2 © ÒÃ Þ ¬

30、87;Ñ, ±´ È¿ Þ Æ , Ò§ ÒÃË ; (3 ÖË © Å Ø Þ Ò© Ë ; (4 Ö×ÍË ( Í , ¡¨ ÉÞ ¨ °Ø Þ × ; (5 ½ Öص , ÖÃ

31、03;ÎÙ Þ Ø , ÄÕÚÞ ; (6 ¢Ý§ Ê º Þ . Ö ¯, ßÒ NiTi ÕÄ ± ¢ ¡Â , : (1 ´ ß NiTi ÞÎ ­À NiTi , Ö© Ë · ; ( ´ 10%, ²µÎ &#

32、200; (2 Ö¬»Ë À ¹ ¿ ÒÈ Î Þ ¢© , Ë À¹Ó µ ( ,¥ © ÞË ± Þ½¦ ² À¹ÃƦ© Þ 100 ; (3 È µ Òª­ Ý¥ Ø ,

33、°¶ ° ÊÞ Ë° ÊÞ Æ© ÐÆ, Ø È Ò ÈÎ ¿Æ ¾Ï Ì»Ò Ã ØÞÎ ÔÕ NiTi ¦ ¦ ¦ ¢ ¦ ¦ ¦ « Õ Ù¡¨ ; (4 

34、0;Ê Ò Þ 6 NiTi ¦ ¨Ý ¡ÂÙÝÊÁ, Óà ² ¢ Ý Ó¡Â ° . Ê°  £: (1 ¨ß ¿ È Î ß NiTi ÕÄ Þ , Öà À© Þ Ò &

35、#180; Þ . ÄÝ ß¿ ÎÒÃË ± Ð ÌÞ ß NiTi ÕÄ ²Þ Ý£¢°¡¨Þ Ð. ½¦ ¤ Ò¡ ¨ Þ ß ¿ Î, « Ý £ ß NiTi ÕÄ

36、6; Ý¥ ¯´Þ À© Ë . ÖÝÞÀ© Þ ß NiTi ÕÄ¢ ¡Â° . , ´ ¡ ££Ò Þ ß NiTi Î ­ÕÄÞß¿È ¢ ½ Ê ¸ ¾½ 

37、12; , ß ¿ ¹¢ ½ Ê ; ½ ¦ Í Þ£ É ¥Ô ¡ °Àß ¿È , ´ È Í Þ£ É ¥ °¯, ÀÍ¶Ë ÆÒ ÐÆÔ ¬ , ¹ ËÊ Í &

38、#176; Õ Æ  ÊÞ× Ë ; ¹ , ß ¿¹Þ ¥ ݧ Í Ö Þ¡   £Ò   ¡ Ô ÜµÞ . ß NiTi ÕÄ Þ , ¶ ÃÖ­ (2 ² Ò Ô Þµ Î

39、;   ÏÒѶ. ß NiTi Î ­ÕÄÞ Ô ­ Þ ¬Äݶ½ ¸ Ï, Ø ´ ² à ٠ÞÝØ Ñ¶ÒÌ ÝÞ, Öý Ù ¡É ¼ °

40、0; ß NiTi ÕÄ Þ Ô Ò Î ­À ¶ ÕĽ¦, Ý ²     È Ò¨ ± µ§ Þ¬±. (3 ß NiTi ÕÄ µ Ë   µ ÃË   µ Ni « ¬ Þ

41、98;Ѷ, § Ö µ ¬ ª ÞÓ . , ß NiTi Î ­ ÕÄ Þ µ ÑÀ , Ni « ·Ì°  ©µÑ, Ý Ê¡¿Ó . Ì ÖÝ µ¢ ²º Þ , ß NiTi Õ&

42、#196; Þ ÈÒ Ë Ý Þ ØØ , Öà µ  ¸¬ ± . ß NiTi Î ­ÕÄ Í (4 Æ Ë ¹É , ¡Â ° ¢ ° ÊØ ÏÃË Ë ¹ÉÞ ¬,   &

43、#207;, Ò ÖÚ ß Î¦ ­ÕÄÞ È ¤Ò ° Ö Á ¡ØØ° Ý Þ µ ¢ ÒË ¹É Í Ø ÞÎ ¦ ­ À   Ô Ò Î¦ ­ÕÄÞ &

44、#223; ȵ ÌÞ½¦´ ¤ Ö ÄÕ´ ¡ Ò § Í Æ ½Í¥ ÄÝ ß Î ¦ ­ÕÄ Þ Ó . ÞÁ ÄÉ , µÀ¢È ( : NiTi , Ø 6 Ñ¶Ë &#

45、207; °ÆÖÅÔ Ë 567 ß ¿ ζ ²  Ô ÒÉÐ (Æ Í ¹Þ ¸ , ¢ ° ½¨  Þ ; ß NiTi ÕÄÞ Í ÞÓ Ý Ø Å¿ Ò Õ Þ

46、72; Ë, Ö . § ( . NiTi . ÆÜ Ü Æª § Õ Æß (2006, 07-09 ¨ ¶ ¼Û Ó¤ ±¯ ÜÕ Ö˦ G. Eggeler Íß ° ß ß¼ 1 S.Abkowitz, J.M.Slerglej, R.R.Regan, Titanium-Nick

47、el Alloy Manufacturing Methods, United States Patent, 2 3700434, Filed in April, 1969, Granted in Oct.1972 N.B.Morgan, Medical shape memory alloy applicationsthe market and its products, Mater. Sci. Eng., A378, 3 16(2004 LI Bingyun, RONG Lijian, LI Yiyi, V.E.Gjunter, Development of biomedical porous

48、 Ti-Ni shape memory alloys, Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 14(6, 561(2000 ( 4 ¨ , µÅ ¬  , NiTi Æ ª ¦ V.I.Itin, V.E.Gjunter, V.N.Khodorenko, M.L.Chobanyan, ics of porous penetrable titanium nickelide penetration by human tissues and mechanical behavior

49、of titanium nickelide-human tissues composites, Pisma V Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 22, 37(1996 YANG Dazhi, WU Mingxiong, Application of NiTi Shape Æ· , , Ƥ¤, V. E. Gjunter, ¶ £ TiNi ±¯×ÆßÕ ÌÃ, Õ , 14(6, 561(2000 

50、8; M.Z.Mirgazizov, E.N.Korsteleva, M.A.Belyalova, Dynam- 5 Memory Alloys in Biomedical Field (Beijing, The Press of Metallurgy Industry, 2003p.129 ( 6 ( , , 2003 p.129 Y.N.Zhuk, Advanced medical applications of shape memory alloy in Russia, TETRA Consult, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 199

51、4 V.E.Gjunter, P.Sisolyatin, P.Tomerkhanova, Superelastic and Shape Memory Implants, Maxillofacial Surgery, Traumatology, Orthopaedics, and Neurosurgery, Tomsk University Publishing House, Tomsk, Russia, 1995 P.B.Entchev, D.C.Lagoudas, Modeling porous shape memory alloys using micromechanical averag

52、ing techniques, Mechanics of Materials, 34, 1(2002 B.Bertheville, Porous single-phase NiTi processed under Ca reducing vapor for use as a bone graft substitute, Bio- Ù Ñ, ³ Æ ͯ¾ , NiTi ­ ¤ £¥ ©ª ¯¦ ¢ ¦ 7 

53、6; 8 9 ­ ª ¦ ­ materials, 27, 1246(2006 10 O.Prymak, D.Bogdanski, M.Koeller, S.A.Esenwein, G.Muhr, F.Beckmann, T.Donath, M.Assad, M.Epple, Morphological characterization and in vitro biocompatibility of a porous nickel-titanium alloy, Biomaterials, 26, 11 5801(2005 A.Biswas, Poro

54、us NiTi by thermal explosion mode of SHS: processing, mechanism and generation of single phase mi12 crostructure, Acta Mater., 53, 1415(2005 E.Schueller, M.Bram, H.P.Buchkremer, D.Stoever, Phase transformation temperatures for NiTi alloys prepared by powder metallurgical processes, Mater. Sci. Eng.,

55、 A378, 165(2004 ¦ ¥ 568 13 B.Y.Li, L.J.Rong, Y.Y.Li, Anisotropy of dimensional change and its corresponding improvement by addition of TiH2 during elemental powder sintering of porous NiTi alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng., A255, 70(1998 14 Y.H.Li, G.B.Rao, L.J.Rong, Y.Y.Li, W.Ke, Eect of pores on c

56、orrosion characteristics of porous NiTi alloy in simulated body uid, Mater. Sci. Eng., A363, 356(2003 15 B.Yuan, X.P.Zhang, C.Y.Chung, M.Q.Zeng, M.Zhu, A comparative study of the porous TiNi shape memory alloys fabricated by three dierent processes, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, A37, 755

57、(2006 16 C.L.Yeh, W.Y.Sung, Synthesis of NiTi intermetallics by self-propagating combustion, J. Alloys and Compounds, 376, 79(2004 17 B.Yuan, C.Y.Chung, M.Zhu, Microstructure and martensitic transformation behavior of porous NiTi shape memory alloy prepared by hot isostatic pressing processing, Mate

58、r. Sci. Eng., A382, 181(2004 18 C.L.Chu, C.Y.Chung, P.H.Lin, S.D.Wang, Fabrication of porous NiTi shape memory alloy for hard tissue implants by combustion synthesis, Mater. Sci. Eng., A366, 114(2004 19 B.Yuan, C.Y.Chung, X.P.Zhang, M.Q.Zeng, M.Zhu, Control of porosity and superelasticity of porous

59、NiTi shape memory alloys prepared by hot isostatic pressing, Smart Mater. Struct., 14, S201(2005 20 B.Yuan, X.P.Zhang, C.Y.Chung, M.Zhu, The eect of porosity on phase transformation behavior of porous Ti50.8at.%Ni shape memory alloys prepared by capsule-free hot isostatic pressing, Mater. 585(2006 2

60、1 P.Thomson, G.J. Balas, P.H.Leo, The use of shape memory alloys for passive structural damping, Smart Mater. Struct., 4, 36(1995 22 J.V.Humbeeck, L.Delaey, Proceedings of International Conference on Role of Interfaces on Material Damping, B.R.Roth, M.S.Misra Eds., Toronto, Canada, ASM-USA, 1985, 59

61、-78 23 R.Fosdick, Y.Ketema, Shape memory alloys for passive vibration damping, J. Intell. Mater. Syst. and Struc., 9, 854(1998 24 S.K.Wu, H.C.Lin, T.S.Chou, A study of electrical resistivity, internal friction and shear modulus on an aged Ti49 Ni51 alloy, Acta Metall., 38, 95(1990 25 H.C.Lin, S.K.Wu

62、, M.T.Yeh, Damping characteristics of TiNi shape memory alloys, Metallurgy Transaction, A24, 2189(1993 26 B.Coluzzi, L.Trotta, A.Biscarini, F.M.Mazzolai, R.Campanella, Eect of G.Mazzolai, cycling thermal Sci. Eng., A438-440, Ó 29 J. Intell. Mater. Syst. and Struc., 13, 837(2002 30 21 Ò D.C

63、.Lagoudas, E.L.Vandygri, Processing and characterization of NiTi porous SMA by elevated pressure sintering, J.L.Bobet, B.Chevalier, Reactive mechanical grinding applied to a (Ti plus Ni mixture and to a TiNi compound, Intermetallics, 10, 597(2002 31 Y.H.Li, L.J.Rong, Y.Y.Li, Pore characteristics of

64、porous NiTi alloy fabricated by combustion synthesis, J. Alloys and Compounds, 325, 259(2001 32 H.C.Jiang, L.J.Rong, Eect of hydroxyapatite coating on nickel release of the porous NiTi shape memory alloy fabricated by SHS method, Surface and Coatings Technology, 201, 1017(2006 33 J.C.Hey, A.P.Jardin

65、e, Shape memory TiNi synthesis from elemental powders, Mater. Sci. Eng., A188, 291(1994 34 I.F.Martinov, V.V.Skorokhod, S.M.Solonin, Experimentalobservation of the shape memory and volume memory eects in NiTi porous materials, Sov. Powder Metallurgy, 12, 84(1981 35 I.A.Drozdov, Formation of intermet

66、allics in a porous powder titanium-nickel diusion couple, Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, 34, 282(1995 36 S.M.Green, D.M.Grant, N.R.Kelly, Powder metallurgical processing of NiTi shape memory alloy, Powder Metallurgy, 40, 43(1997 37 B.Y.Li, L.J.Rong, Y.Y.Li, V.E.Gjunter, Synthesis of porous Ni

67、Ti shape-memory alloys by selfpropagating hightemperature synthesis: 3895(2000 38 C.Y.Chung, C.L.Chu, S.D.Wang, Porous TiNi shape memory alloy with high strength fabricated by selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis, Materials Letters, 58, 1683(2004 39 C.L.Yeh, W.Y.Sung, Synthesis of NiTi interme

68、tallics by self-propagating combustion, J. Alloys and Compounds, 376, 79(2004 40 M.Bram, A.Ahmad-Khanlou, A.Heckmann, B.Fuchs, H.P.Buchkremer, D.Stoever, Powder metallurgical fabrication processes for NiTi shape memory alloy parts, Mater. Sci. Eng., A337, 254(2002 41 S.N.Nassera, Y.Su, W.G.Guo, J.Is

69、aacs, Experimental characterization and micromechanical modeling of superelastic response of a porous NiTi shape-memory alloy, J. Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 53, 2320(2005 42 Y.Zhao, M.Taya, Y.S.Kang, A.Kawasaki, Compression behavior of porous NiTi shape memory alloy, Acta. Mater., 53, 337(2005

70、 43 of thermoelastic A.E.W.Jarfors, C.Sim, T.E.San, Inuence of process parameters on reaction products during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of porous NiTi, Advanced Materials Processing, Mater. Sci. Forum, 437, 475(2003 44 B.Y.Li, L.J.Rong, Y.Y.Li, The inuence of addition of TiH2 in el

71、emental powder sintering porous NiTi alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., A281, 169(2000 Reaction mechanism and Acta. Mater., 48, anisotropy in pore structure, through the martensitic transition on internal friction and Young s modulus of a Ni50.8 Ti49.2 alloy, J. Alloys and Compounds, 310, 300(2000 27 J.V.Hum

72、beeck, Damping capacity martensite in shape memory alloys, J. Alloys and Compounds, 355, 58(2003 28 I.Schmidt, R.Lammering, The damping behaviour of superelastic NiTi components, Mater. Sci. Eng., A378, 70(2004 6 45 Õ ÄÉ : NiTi Ï °ÆÖÅÔ ËÂ 54 200

73、7(in press, online 6 June 2007 55 § 569 Y.P.Zhang, B.Yuan, M.Q.Zeng, C.Y.Chung, X.P.Zhang, High porosity and large pore-size shape memory alloys fabricated by using pore-forming agent (NH4 HCO3 and capsule-free hot isostatic pressing, J. Materials Processing Technology, 192-193, 439(2007 ZHAO L

74、iancheng, CAI Wei, ZHENG Yufeng, Shape Memory Eect and Super-elasticity of Alloys (Beijing, The Press of National Defense Industry, 2001 p.170 ( X.P.Zhang, H.Y.Liu, B.Yuan, Y.P.Zhang, Superelasticity decay behavior of the porous NiTi shape memory alloys under cyclic strain controlled fatigue, Mater. Sci. Eng.-A, D.C.Lagoudas, P.B.Entchev, Modeling of transformationind