非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ing課件

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingformGrammar非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：1. 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式(infinitive) to do2. v-ing形式形式 doing3. v-ed形式形式,即過(guò)去分詞即過(guò)去分詞 done非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞不及物不及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞主主 動(dòng)動(dòng)被被 動(dòng)動(dòng)主主 動(dòng)動(dòng)一般式 完成式時(shí)時(shí) 態(tài)態(tài) 和和 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 態(tài)態(tài)doingbeing donedoinghaving donehaving been donehaving done非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingformsleeping students一、一、The -ing Form used as Attribu

2、te（-ing形式作定語(yǔ)）形式作定語(yǔ)） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingformboiling waterflying kites非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform a dancing girlthe rising sun非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform(2) a walking stick(1) a walking man = a man who is walking = a stick for walkingWhats the difference between (1) and (2)?非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform小小 結(jié)結(jié)1 -ing形式作定語(yǔ)既可表示動(dòng)作形式作定語(yǔ)既可表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行且且與邏輯主語(yǔ)

3、之間是與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)主動(dòng)關(guān)系（如例關(guān)系（如例（1），），此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句；又可表示所修飾此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句；又可表示所修飾名詞的名詞的性質(zhì)性質(zhì)或或用途用途（如例（如例（2）。）。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform(1) a swimming man(2) a swimming pool非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingforma running manThe man running inthe picture is Liu Xiang. attributeThe man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.相當(dāng)于：相當(dāng)于：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingfor

4、m1. The teacher teaching us English is Ms Zhou. Rewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses.=The teacher who is teaching us English is Ms Zhou.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform2. The people sitting behind us are all teachers.3. The expert coming from America is a lady called Ms Cai.=The people who are sit

5、ting behind us are all teachers.=The expert who comes from America is a lady called Ms Cai.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform 單個(gè)的單個(gè)的-ing形式作定語(yǔ)，放在所形式作定語(yǔ)，放在所修飾的名詞前面；修飾的名詞前面；-ing短語(yǔ)作定短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)則放在所修飾的名詞之后。語(yǔ)則放在所修飾的名詞之后。小小 結(jié)結(jié)2 2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform3. 注意注意v-ing形式與其他非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作形式與其他非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)區(qū)別：定語(yǔ)時(shí)區(qū)別：（優(yōu)化方案（優(yōu)化方案P135）（1）doing作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)- 主動(dòng)，動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行主動(dòng)，動(dòng)

6、作正在進(jìn)行（3）done作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)- 被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作已完成被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作已完成（2）being done作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)- 被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行（4）to do作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)- 將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（5）having done- 不能作定語(yǔ)，用定語(yǔ)從句代替不能作定語(yǔ)，用定語(yǔ)從句代替非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform I heard the girl singing in the classroom. I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.二、二、The -ing Form used as Obje

7、ct Complement（-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest. We have the fire burning all day.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)放形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)后面，表示一個(gè)正在在賓語(yǔ)后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過(guò)程或一種狀態(tài)。一個(gè)過(guò)程或一種狀態(tài)。小小 結(jié)結(jié)1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform 能跟能跟-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞有這些：動(dòng)詞

8、有這些：“五讓、三看、兩聽、五讓、三看、兩聽、一注意、一發(fā)現(xiàn)、一注意、一發(fā)現(xiàn)、一感覺一感覺”。簡(jiǎn)單又簡(jiǎn)單又好記！好記！ make, let, have, keep, leave, look at, see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, find, feel 等。等。怎么記怎么記？非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform1. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still_. A. having beat B. beating C. beaten D. to beat Exercise2. The

9、 sun _ in the west looks even more beautiful. A. setting B. being set C. that setting D. to be set非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform3. The house _ now is our library. A. repaired B. being repaired C. to be repaired D. which is repaired4. Who is the man talking to our headmaster? A professor _ a visit to our school. A.

10、pays B. is paying C. paid D. paying非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform5.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D.being followed、6.The _ boys were last seen_ near the river. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform7.

11、Mr. Smith, _of the _speech, started to read a novel. (NMET2003) A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 、8. The picture _on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform -ing形式具有名詞的特征，形式具有名詞的特征，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。如

12、：語(yǔ)。如：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform三、三、Subject In many countries, shaking ones head means “no” and nodding means “yes”. It is no use trying to persuade him. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform1. v-ing形式與不定式作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別形式與不定式作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別to do作主語(yǔ)表示：作主語(yǔ)表示：v-ing作主語(yǔ)表示：作主語(yǔ)表示：It is bad manners _ (stare) at a foreign guest._ (learn) a foreign language is

13、very useful to me.應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題：應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題：某個(gè)特定的、具體的某個(gè)特定的、具體的,將來(lái)的動(dòng)作將來(lái)的動(dòng)作抽象的、習(xí)慣性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作抽象的、習(xí)慣性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作to stareLearning非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform 2. 注意用注意用it 作作形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)的情況：的情況：句型：句型：_It is/was no good/ use doing sth. 3. 注意主謂一致：注意主謂一致： v-ing形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)v.一般用一般用_. (2) 由由and連接的多個(gè)連接的多個(gè)v-ing形式作主語(yǔ)，謂形式作主語(yǔ)，謂v.用用_.(1)(3) 如果并列的如

14、果并列的v-ing形式前后語(yǔ)義一致，即形式前后語(yǔ)義一致，即說(shuō)的是一個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂說(shuō)的是一個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂v.用用_.單數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform4. v-ing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)可用名詞或代詞形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)可用名詞或代詞的所有格來(lái)表示。如：的所有格來(lái)表示。如： eg: Marys becoming a college student greatly encouraged me. eg: Does our saying that mean anything to him? 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform四、四、Object eg: Have you finished using th

15、e telephone?eg: He tried to avoided being punished.應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題：應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題：1. allow, advise, forbid, permit +doingsb./sth. to do被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：sb./sth. +be + allowed/ advised / forbidden/ permitted + _to do非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform2. need, require, want “需要被需要被” +doing =to be doneeg: The TV set needs to be mended. =The TV set

16、needs mending.3. begin, continue, hate, like, love +would like/ love +_doing =to doto do4. 加加to do 和和 doing 意義不同的詞：意義不同的詞：(1) forget/ regret/ remember+doing to do非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform(2) go on to do / doing (3) mean to do / doing(4) stop to do / doing(5) try to do / doing(6) be used to do / doing used to d

17、o(7) cant help to do / doing非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform五、五、Predicativeeg: His duty is cleaning the playground.表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)常?？梢曰Q位置表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)常?？梢曰Q位置1. v-ing形式與不定式作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：形式與不定式作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： (1) 一般情況下區(qū)別不大，?？苫Q，但要一般情況下區(qū)別不大，?？苫Q，但要注意前后注意前后一致性。一致性。應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題：應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題：eg: Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。眼見為實(shí)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingfor

18、meg： 節(jié)約即是收入。節(jié)約即是收入。 Saving is having. = _To save is to have.(2) v-ing形式接近形式接近n. 作表語(yǔ)時(shí)表示作表語(yǔ)時(shí)表示 _; to do 接近接近v. 作表語(yǔ)時(shí)表示作表語(yǔ)時(shí)表示 _.習(xí)慣性的抽象的動(dòng)作習(xí)慣性的抽象的動(dòng)作某個(gè)具體的，將來(lái)的動(dòng)作某個(gè)具體的，將來(lái)的動(dòng)作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform 2. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _ from you sometime. A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D

19、. hearingExercises1. Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A. having been fined B. to have been fined C. to be fined D. being fined非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform3. The thief took away the womans wallet without_ A. being seen B. seeing C. him seeing D. seeing him5. No one can avoid

20、_ by advertisements. A. to be influenced B. being influenced C. influencing D. having influence4. Ive enjoyed _ to talk with you. A. to be able B. being able C. to been able D. of being able非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform7. You cant help _ commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one adv

21、ertisement or another. A. to hear B. to be heard C. hearing D. with hearing 6. Your shirt needs _. Youd better have it done today. A. iron B. to iron C. ironing D. being ironed非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform8. He is very busy _ his papers. He is far too busy _ callers. A. to write; to receive B. writing; to receive

22、C. writing; receiving D. to write; for receiving9. Please stop _, boys, I have something important to _ you. A. saying; talk B. telling; say C. talking; speak D. talking; tell非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform10. “Why were you so late for work today?”“_ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.”

23、A. Driving B. I drove C. To drive D. That I drove非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingformGrammarThe v-ing Form used as Adverbial(狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ))1. v-ing 形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：一般式：一般式：doing被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：being done完成式：完成式：having done被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：having been done否定式：否定式：一般式的否定：一般式的否定：not + v-ing完成式的否定：完成式的否定：not + having done非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform(1) 一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)一般

24、式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)v.表示的動(dòng)作一表示的動(dòng)作一般般同時(shí)同時(shí)進(jìn)行。進(jìn)行。eg: 他趕快回家，一邊走一邊不時(shí)地向后看。他趕快回家，一邊走一邊不時(shí)地向后看。 He hurried home, _ behind from time to time as he went.lookingeg: 有人請(qǐng)她表演一個(gè)節(jié)目，她拒絕了有人請(qǐng)她表演一個(gè)節(jié)目，她拒絕了_ (ask) to put on a performance, she refused.Being asked非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform(2) 完成式表示的動(dòng)作則在謂語(yǔ)完成式表示的動(dòng)作則在謂語(yǔ)v.表示的動(dòng)作表示的動(dòng)作之前之前已經(jīng)完成。已經(jīng)完成。eg:

25、在聽到這點(diǎn)之后，那位宇航員表示滿意。在聽到這點(diǎn)之后，那位宇航員表示滿意。 _ (hear) this, the astronaut expressed her satisfaction.eg: 給你這樣一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)，你怎能輕易放過(guò)？給你這樣一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)，你怎能輕易放過(guò)？_ (give) such a good chance, how could you let it slip away?Having heardHaving been given非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform 2. v-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、形式作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步，伴隨狀況等。結(jié)果、條件、讓步

26、，伴隨狀況等。 前提：前提：其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，且是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。且是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。(1) 表表原因原因，相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句eg: Being ill, she didnt go to school. =As she was ill, she didnt go to school.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform(2) 表表時(shí)間時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,有時(shí)前可有時(shí)前可加加when, while 連詞連詞eg: 因?yàn)闆]有收到回信，我又給他寫了封信。因?yàn)闆]有收到回信，我又給他寫了封信。_(receive) an answer

27、, I wrote to him again. =Not having receivedAs I had not received an answer, eg: When hearing the good news, the students were happy.=When they heard the good news非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform(3) 表表伴隨伴隨，相當(dāng)于并列句，表示伴隨的次要，相當(dāng)于并列句，表示伴隨的次要?jiǎng)幼骰蜓a(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。動(dòng)作或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。eg: Having finished his work, Henry went home.=eg: She opened the d

28、oor and stood there, frowning at me.= She opened the door, stood there and frowned at me.After he finished his work, 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform(4) 表表?xiàng)l件條件，相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句，其前可加，相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句，其前可加if, unless等連詞。等連詞。eg: If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.=If you play all day,(5) 表表讓步讓步，相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其前可加，相當(dāng)于讓步狀

29、語(yǔ)從句，其前可加although, even though/ if等連詞。等連詞。eg: Having failed several times, he didnt lose heart.=Though he had failed several times非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform(6) 表表結(jié)果結(jié)果。eg:汽車陷入交通堵塞，導(dǎo)致耽擱了汽車陷入交通堵塞，導(dǎo)致耽擱了 The car was caught in a traffic jam, causing the delay.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform 3. 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，分當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，分詞要有自己的主語(yǔ)詞要有自己的主語(yǔ)(構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))。 eg:夜幕降臨，我們動(dòng)身回家了。夜幕降臨，我們動(dòng)身回家了。 Night coming on, we started for home.eg:她站在那里，頭靠在樹上。她站在那里，頭靠在樹上。 She stood there, her head leaning on the tree.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ingform有時(shí)也可用一個(gè)有時(shí)也可用一個(gè)v-ing短語(yǔ)來(lái)解釋整個(gè)句子，短語(yǔ)來(lái)解釋整個(gè)句子