英語醫(yī)學論文格式要求2011-2012(含MPH)

1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質參考資料，若有不當之處，請指正。英語醫(yī)學科研論文的格式和要求Review； comments ；editorials ；case reports； original articles.I格式 The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, ICMJE)（The Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, 5th Ed., 1997，URMSBJ）(國際溫哥華格式1979年創(chuàng)建, 2006年2月最新版本bbb:/aaai

2、)*, 一篇生物醫(yī)學科研論文（以下簡稱"論文"）應包括以下12個部分： 1Title 7 Acknowledgements 2Abstract 8 References 3Introduction 9 Legends 4Materials and Methods 10 Figures 5Results 11 Tables 6Discussion 12 Plates and Explanations II要求 1標題 A. 標題的要求a.What is a title?Titles are to be written to be understood by t

3、hose in your field, telling them exactly what you have done in your work.（告訴你的同行確切研究了什么）b.Requirement of a titlea)（America）Journal of the National Cancer Institute: within 14 words.b) The British Journal of Cancer: within 100 lettersc)China journals: Chinese within 20 words; English within 10 lexica

4、l wordsGenerally speaking:（1） Short and concise（簡明扼要）：Write in one line (not a sentence); not containing an active verb; not exceeding 25 words or 120-140 letters and spaces; no abbreviations or chemical symbols except those that are generally accepted, e.g. DNA, RNA, AIDS, CT, etc.; 中文標題常見的“試論”，“淺談

5、”，“初探”等詞在英文標題中一般不用。我國的國家標準（GB771387）要求將一般英文標題的實詞控制在10個詞以內。例：Association between Duration of Obesity and Risk of Non-insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus 肥胖期與非依賴胰島素糖尿病之關系（2）Informative（信息豐富）：State exactly what you want the reader to know about your paper and your work;（3）Indexing（便于索引）：Pack as many ke

6、y words or indexing terms as possible into the title without overloading it; key words not in the title will be in the abstract or can go in the "Key Words" section of the paper; key words are usually in the beginning or ending place of the title.Attention:標題中的數字：表點、縮略語等：“探討”、“研究”、“觀察”、 “體

7、會”：Example:體會 （經驗）： experience in /with1.治療革蘭氏陰性桿菌血癥的新體會。Recent experience with bacillemia due to Gram-negative organisms.2.洋地黃類藥物門診治療心力衰竭的用藥體會。Treatment of heart failure with lanatoside medication. 標題是讀者檢索文獻的重要標識，是著錄題錄和索引等第二次文獻的重要內容。標題中所選每一個實詞必須是正確通用的術語，能提供文獻檢索，盡量包含關鍵詞。要求盡量把關鍵詞（索引詞）安排在標題最前面或最后面的位置上

8、 美國醫(yī)學寫作協會（American Medical Writers Association）醫(yī)學論文寫作要領中對于標題的說明是：1. Introduce the article into the scientific literature2. Most important part of the article: the part most often read and often the only part read3. Keep precise and brief( 85-character limit is typical)4. Must stand alone: no abbrevi

9、ations5. Avoid: “declarative” or “headline” titles; “ Our Experience” titles; asking rhetorical questions in titles:So start with : Effect ofexplanatory variable(s) on response variable underconditions”Avoid starting with: nature of, studies of, preliminary evaluation of, analysis of, review of, dev

10、elopment of, observation on, etc.心源性猝死51例臨床病理探討1. Sudden cardiac death: Clinicopathologic investigation of 51 cases苯對白細胞毒性作用探討2. Toxic effect of benzene on leucocytes系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡患者尿中抗核體決定臨床意義的初步探討3. ( Preliminary evaluation of ) clinical significance in determination of antinuclear antibodies present in

11、urine of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)（4）Highlighting the head word. (突出中心詞): 每條標題都有中心詞，它們是能高度概括論文中心內容和主題的單詞，要將其放在最顯著突出的位置。中心詞的內容一般是研究方法，研究對象，研究目的或效果，一般為名詞，名詞短語，分詞短語或動名詞短語。例：Knowledge-based Technology in the Service of Health 論衛(wèi)生事業(yè)中的知識技術Cognitive Impairment and Intracranial Calcifi

12、cation in Chronic Hyparathyroidism 鑒別力受損與顱內鈣化甲狀旁腺功能逐漸減退葉天士活血化淤療法探討An approach to the principle of activating circulation and relieving stasis formulated by Ye Tianshi針療對冠心病心絞痛患者左心功能狀態(tài)的影響The acupuncture effect on left ventricular function in patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris氟烷麻

13、醉治療新生兒受損肺功能Halothane anesthesia for impairs pulmonary function in newborn lambsImpaired pulmonary function in newborn lambs anesthetized with halothane英文醫(yī)學期刊常用中心詞：Effect, influence, establishment, inhibition, analysis, treatment, evaluation, potential, comparison, expression, 不同的醫(yī)學期刊對標題的書寫規(guī)則要求不同。1）.

14、 Post-transfusion hepatitis: A report of 60 cases2). A Successful Operation on a Pair of Female Twins With Conjoined Liver3). SURGERY FOR INFECTIVE ENDOCALRDITIS標題中冠詞的用法:1). (The) Treatment of gram-negative shock2). Carcinoma of the anal canalB. 標題的結構標題的結構一般都用名詞作主干的名詞短語型，這類標題結構中作為主干詞的名詞一般帶有動詞意義，有時也用

15、完整句，以陳述句較多，偶爾也用疑問句。例：Resolution of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome after Recovery from Fulminant Hepatic Failure 治療成年人突發(fā)性肝衰竭康復后呼吸窘迫綜合癥Using a Title Table to Evaluate Syncope 列表診斷暈厥1) 表示診斷，治療方式或藥物治療的標題結構這類標題中的diagnosis, treatment, therapy 等作主干的名詞都帶有動詞意義，后跟for, in, to, with 等引導的介詞短語引出病名或接受診治的部位及所使

16、用的藥物。例：Adjunctive Therapy with Aspirin in Vernal Conjunctivitis 用阿司匹林輔助治療春季結膜炎Basic Approach in the Management of Intraocular Foreign Bodies 眼內異物的基本處理方法(藥物)治療：A治療B(A=name of the medicine; B= name of the disease)A in the treatment/management of B; treatment of B with A; use of A in the treatment of B

17、; A therapy/treatment of B; A in /for BClonidine in the treatment of hypertensionUse of steroid in the treatment of clinical septic shock(非藥物)治療：A治療B(A=method of treatment; B= name of the disease)A for/in BA in the treatment of BTreatment of B by AParathyroidectomy for chronic renal failurePartial l

18、eft ventriculectomy in the treatment of end-stage dilated cardiomyopathyTreatment of psoriasis by hemodialysis診斷：A診斷 B( A =method of diagnosis; B= name of the disease)A in BA in the diagnosis of BAssay/detection of A in BDiagnosis of B by/with A Detection of B by AApplication of A to the diagnosis o

19、f BUltrasonography in the diagnosis of gallstonesAssay of creation kinase isoenzymes in heart disease2) 表示研究，分析，實驗調查，觀察，評估等的標題結構探討： discussion of /on, an approach to; a probe into; investigation of;onSudden cardiac death: Clinicopathologic investigation of 51 casesAn approach to diagnosis of subclin

20、ical liver cancer觀察（報告， 結果）：an observation/observations of /on/inClinical observation on 342 cases with allergic rhinitisLevels of plasma calcium and red cell calcium in newborns with multi-organ damage after asphyxia (“觀察” 一詞略)調查： survey of/on, 實驗：test/trial Survey of 38 cases of parathyroidectomy

21、in chronic renal failure研究/分析: study/studies（analysis） of /on /in (by 方法 / with工具) Wilsons disease: A clinical and pathological study of 10 cases Platelet function studies in heart disease評估（鑒定）： assessment/evaluation/estimation/appraisal/calculation/valuation/appreciation of Assessment of Liver Fun

22、ctionPresurgical Evaluation of Eyes with Opaque Media表示關系，相關，比較，對照等的標題結構這類標題結構一般用 1. (the) correlation, relationship, association, comparison, contrast等詞為主體詞干，加ofand, ofwith, ofwithand, betweenand 等表示范圍，比較對象等。2. A (be) correlated with B例：Correlation of Histology and Sensibility after Nerve Repair 神經

23、修補后組織結構與感官能力間的關系A Comparison of Digoxin and Dobutamine in Patients with Acute Infarction and Cardiac Failure 用DIGOXIN 和DOBUTAMINE治療急性梗塞和心衰之比較常用修飾詞: positively (正) / negatively (負) / significantly (明顯) / insignificantly (不明顯) / strongly (很大) / little (很小) e.g. Positive correlation of CD44v6 expressio

24、n with invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer3) 表示技術，使用，特點，結果，方法，模式，證據，測定，介紹等的標題結構這類標題結構一般用（A或The）technique, use, properties, characteristics, introduction, method, result, evidence, essay 等詞，加for, in, to, in or doing sth.等介詞引導的短語，或帶to不定式短語，表示方面，范圍，類型等。例：Use of sulphamethizole in the treatm

25、ent of urinary tract infection in the elderly 用磺胺甲噻二唑治療老年泌尿道感染Biological Properties of the Human Colonic Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines SW620 結腸腺癌細胞系SW620 的生物特征4) 標題中分詞短語的用法醫(yī)學英語論文中分詞短語一般作定語，大多放在被修飾詞的后面，必要時與名詞一起構成復合分詞作定語。例：Analysis of Surface Protein of Mouse Lung Carcinoma Using Monolconal Antibiotics分析使

26、用單克隆抗生素的鼠肺癌表面蛋白4) 副標題 （subtitle）副標題是對主標題的補充和說明，或突出論文某方面的內容。它通常放在正標題之后或之下，體現論文研究的范圍或角度。（1） 突出病例數Original : A retrospective study of 176 consecutive cases of abdominal pain in the emergency room.Revised: Abdominal pain in the emergency room: Retrospective study of 176 consecutive cases（2） 突出研究重點和內容Ori

27、ginal: The chest X-ray appearance and its clinical significance on aorto-arteritisRevised: Aorto-arteritis : Chest X-ray appearance and its clinical significance（3） 突出研究方法和性質Original: A follow-up study on diabetes after infectious hepatitisRevised: Diabetes after infectious hepatitis: A follow-up st

28、udy（4） 突出治療作用Prazodine: A new vasodilator used for treatment of hypertension（5） 提出疑問或選擇Original: Is chronic abdominal pain a surgical or psychiatric symptom?Revised: Chronic abdominal pain: A surgical or psychiatric symptom?（6） 表示長篇連載論文各分篇的主題Physical and chemical studies of human blood serum : A stu

29、dy of 29 cases of nephritisPhysical and chemical studies of human blood serum: A study of miscellaneous disease conditions（7） 說明研究時間Original: One year clinical experience with endoscopic varicose sclerosisRevised: Endoscopic varicose sclerosis: One year clinical experienceC標題頁 根據URMSBJ要求，論文標題及有關著錄內容

30、應單獨雙行打印，稱為"標題頁"（Title page），其內容包括：1. 標題 （the title of the article）； 2. 所有XXX的姓名及其最高學位、所屬單位（the name by which each author is known, with his or her highest academic degree(s) and institutional affiliation）； 常見的順序：標題、XXX姓名、學位和工作單位標題：Parathyroidectomy for Chronic Renal FailureXXX： William C.

31、Robert, MD, FRCP單位： Cardiovascular-pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Cambridge在醫(yī)學期刊中， XXX還可以將自己的姓名、XXX、郵編、E-mail置于標題頁下方的腳注中， 以便于XXX。Correspondence to : Dr. Xu Qingbao, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University,

32、 Nanjing 210029, China有的國外醫(yī)學期刊，XXX姓名之后附有學位，有的甚至幾個學位：Peter C. Burger, MDRoger R. Dozois, MD, PHD還可附學銜、職稱， 以及在國際上享有較高聲譽的某學會會員的縮寫詞。Joseph L. Gerry, MD, FRCP, Professor of Cardioangiology 1). 工作單位的排列順序： (1). Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Housto

33、n, Texas, U.S. A.(2). University of Chicago, Department of Surgery(3). Department of Medicine, division of digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 北京大學醫(yī)學院病理學教研室Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Beijing University, Beijing, China2).工作單位的編排位置(1) 英美

34、a. Joel J.Roslyn MD（Joel J. Roslyn 醫(yī)學博士）Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024 (90024 加州洛杉磯市加里福尼亞大學外科)b. From the Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114（2） 國內a. Zhang Qiuping, Deng Tao, Qu Xueju, et al.Department of

35、 Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Chinab.中華醫(yī)學雜志中文版：XIA Jiahui, He Yungui, ZENG Zhihong et al. Natinal Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410078, China英文版： National Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Medical University

36、, Changsha 410078, China (Sia JH, He YG, Zeng Zh, et al.)c. XXX來自不同單位，將工作單位分別排在XXX姓名之下：Zhang YongheLanzhou Institute of Biologic Products, Lanzhou (蘭州生物制品研究所) d. XXX來自不同單位的另一表達方式：Wang Qinan1, Liu Jibai2, Liu Yuehan2, Chen Rongxin2, Qin Zhongda and Qu Zhenqi21Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongq

37、ing Medical College2Sichuan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, Sichuan University3. 研究工作的歸屬部門或單位名稱（the name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed）； 4. 棄權者（若有）（disclaimers, if any）； 5. 負責通訊和校稿XXX的姓名能夠和詳細XXX（the name and address of the author

38、responsible for correspondence and proof about the manuscript）； 6. 申請副本XXX人姓名和XXX（the name and address of the author to whom requests for reprints should be addressed）； 7. 資助、設備、藥品來源（sources of support in the form of grants, equipment, drugs, or all of these）； 8. 不超過40個字母（包括間隔）的頁眉標題（a short running

39、head of no more than 40 letters and spaces at the foot of the title page）；頁眉標題： angina pectoris 原標題Unstable angina pectoris: Clinical, angiographic and myocardial scintigraphic observations 對不穩(wěn)定心絞痛的臨床，血管造影和心肌閃爍法觀察Ethnic diversity in China 原標題 Combining genetics and population history in the study of

40、 ethnic diversity in the Peoples Republic of ChinaIII. Exercise 修改以下標題（1）視網膜小血管變化是冠狀動脈疾病的一個指標 Retinal arteriolar changes are an indicator of coronary artery disease （2) 用大劑量氨甲喋呤治療急性淋巴細胞白血病的初步體會 Preliminary experience in using high dose of methotrexate to treat ALL （3) 關于飲食中鉀含量與血壓關系的研究 A research of

41、the relationship between the content of potassium in diet and blood pressure 副標題（subtitle）處理（4)病例數時，如：對急癥室連續(xù)170例腹痛病例的回顧性研究 A retrospective study on 170 consecutive cases of abdominal pain in the emergency room （5)：用磁共振成象術對正常懷孕期間垂體增大進行活體內研究 Use MRI to conduct an in vivo study on the enlargement of th

42、e pituitary gland during normal pregnancy （6)軍隊衛(wèi)生防疫工作中出現的問題、原因與對策的初探 A preliminary study on the problems, causes and countermeasures in health and epidemic prevention work of CPLA （7)一例系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡出現胰腺炎病例報告及文獻綜述 A case report of SLE appearing pancreatitis and review of literatures （8)聽診器是潛在的醫(yī)院感染源嗎？ Is st

43、ethoscope a potential source of nosocomial infection? III. Exercise 修改后標題（1）視網膜小血管變化是冠狀動脈疾病的一個指標 Original: Retinal arteriolar changes are an indicator of coronary artery disease 問題：標題中應盡量避免使用活用動詞 (active verb), 即謂語動詞，一般采用名詞短語型結構。 Revised: Retinal arteriolar changes as an indicator of coronary artery

44、 disease （2) 用大劑量氨甲喋呤治療急性淋巴細胞白血病的初步體會 Original: Preliminary experience in using high dose of methotrexate to treat ALL 問題：1) 應盡量避免使用"初步體會"，"初步研究"，"初步經驗"之類沒有實際意義的詞; 2) 除了像AIDS, DNA等已通用的縮略語外，標題中應盡量避免使用縮略語，如ALL應寫全稱；3）盡量避免使用動詞 Revised: High dose methotrexate therapy in acut

45、e lymphocytic leukemia 或：Use of high dose methotrexate in (the) treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia （3) 關于飲食中鉀含量與血壓關系的研究 Original: A research of the relationship between the content of potassium in diet and blood pressure 問題：（1）具體的研究一般用study表述 (research一般作不可數名詞處理，如much research has been done on)；標題中如果"研究"一詞前沒有限定詞，