機械手臂外文翻譯

1、外文出處： Manufacturing Engineering and Technology Machining 外文原文ManipulatorRobot developed in recent decades as high-tech automated production equipment. Industrial rob ot is an important branch of industrial robots. It features can be programmed to perform tasks in a variety of expectations, in both s

2、tructure and performance advantages of their own people and mac hines, in particular, reflects the people's intelligence and adaptability. The accuracy of robot operat ions and a variety of environments the ability to complete the work in the field of national econom y and there are broad prospe

3、cts for development. With the development of industrial automation, t here has been CNC machining center, it is in reducing labor intensity, while greatly improved labo r productivity. However, the upper and lower common in CNC machining processes material, usua lly still use manual or traditional r

4、elay-controlled semi-automatic device. The former time-consum ing and labor intensive, inefficient; the latter due to design complexity, require more relays, wiring complexity, vulnerability to body vibration interference, while the existence of poor reliability, fa ult more maintenance problems and

5、 other issues. Programmable Logic Controller PLC-controlled robot control system for materials up and down movement is simple, circuit design is reasonable, with a strong anti-jamming capability, ensuring the system's reliability, reduced maintenance rate, and improve work efficiency. Robot tech

6、nology related to mechanics, mechanics, electrical hydrau lic technology, automatic control technology, sensor technology and computer technology and oth er fields of science, is a cross-disciplinary integrated technology.First, an overview of industrial manipulatorRobot is a kind of positioning con

7、trol can be automated and can be re-programmed to change in multi-functional machine, which has multiple degrees of freedom can be used to carry an object i n order to complete the work in different environments. Low wages in China, plastic products ind ustry, although still a labor-intensive, mecha

8、nical hand use has become increasingly popular. Elect ronics and automotive industries that Europe and the United States multinational companies very e arly in their factories in China, the introduction of automated production. But now the changes are those found in industrial-intensive South China,

9、 East China's coastal areas, local plastic processing plants have also emerged in mechanical watches began to become increasingly interested in, beca use they have to face a high turnover rate of workers, as well as for the workers to pay work-relate d injuries fee challenges.With the rapid deve

10、lopment of China's industrial production, especially the reform and opening up after the rapid increase in the degree of automation to achieve the workpiece handling, steering, transmission or operation of brazing, spray gun, wrenches and other tools for processing and asse mbly operations since

11、, which has more and more attracted our attention. Robot is to imitate the ma nual part of the action, according to a given program, track and requirements for automatic capture , handling or operation of the automatic mechanical devices.In real life, you will find this a problem. In the machine sho

12、p, the processing of parts loading ti me is not annoying, and labor productivity is not high, the cost of production major, and sometime s man-made incidents will occur, resulting in processing were injured. Think about what could rep lace it with the processing time of a tour as long as there are a

13、 few people, and can operate 24 hour s saturated human right? The answer is yes, but the robot can come to replace it.Production of mechanical hand can increase the automation level of production and labor produ ctivity; can reduce labor intensity, ensuring product quality, to achieve safe productio

14、n; particularl y in the high-temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust, explosive, toxic and radioactive gases such as poor environment can replace the normal working people. Here I would l ike to think of designing a robot to be used in actual production.Why would a robot desi

15、gned to provide a pneumatic power: pneumatic robot refers to the comp ressed air as power source-driven robot. With pressure-driven and other energy-driven comparison have the following advantages: 1. Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, do es not require recycling and dispo

16、sal, do not pollute the environment. (Concept of environmental p rotection) 2. Air stick is small, the pipeline pressure loss is small (typically less than asphalt gas pa th pressure drop of one-thousandth), to facilitate long-distance transport. 3. Compressed air of the working pressure is low (usu

17、ally 4 to 8 kg / per square centimeter), and therefore moving the mate rial components and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. 4. With the hydraulic t ransmission, compared to its faster action and reaction, which is one of the advantages pneumatic outstanding. 5. The air cleaner med

18、ia, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. But ther e are also places where it fly in the ointment: 1. As the compressibility of air, resulting in poor aer odynamic stability of the work, resulting in the implementing agencies as the precision of the velo city and not easily controll

19、ed. 2. As the use of low atmospheric pressure, the output power can not be too large; in order to increase the output power is bound to the structure of the entire pneumatic system size increased.With pneumatic drive and compare with other energy sources drive has the following advantage s:Air inexh

20、austible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, without recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment. Accidental or a small amount of leakage would not be a serious impa ct on production. Viscosity of air is small, the pipeline pressure loss also is very small, easy long-d istance tra

21、nsport.The lower working pressure of compressed air, pneumatic components and therefore the materi al and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. In general, reciprocating thrust in 1 t o 2 tons pneumatic economy is better.Compared with the hydraulic transmission, and its faster action a

22、nd reaction, which is one of th e outstanding merits of pneumatic.Clean air medium, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. It can be safely used in fl ammable, explosive and the dust big occasions. Also easy to realize automatic overload protection. Second, the composition, mechanica

23、l handRobot in the form of a variety of forms, some relatively simple, some more complicated, but the basic form is the same as the composition of the , Usually by the implementing agencies, transmis sion systems, control systems and auxiliary devices composed.1. Implementing agenciesManipulator exe

24、cuting agency by the hands, wrists, arms, pillars. Hands are crawling institution s, is used to clamp and release the workpiece, and similar to human fingers, to complete the staffin g of similar actions. Wrist and fingers and the arm connecting the components can be up and down , left, and rotary m

25、ovement. A simple mechanical hand can not wrist. Pillars used to support the ar m can also be made mobile as needed.2. TransmissionThe actuator to be achieved by the transmission system. Sub-transmission system commonly us ed manipulator mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic and

26、 electric power tra nsmission and other drive several forms.3. Control SystemManipulator control system's main role is to control the robot according to certain procedures, d irection, position, speed of action, a simple mechanical hand is generally not set up a dedicated co ntrol system, using

27、only trip switches, relays, control valves and circuits can be achieved dynamic drive system control, so that implementing agencies according to the requirements of action. Actio n will have to use complex programmable robot controller, the micro-computer control. Three, mechanical hand classificati

28、on and characteristicsRobots are generally divided into three categories: the first is the general machinery does not re quire manual hand. It is an independent not affiliated with a particular host device. It can be progra mmed according to the needs of the task to complete the operation of the pro

29、visions. It is character ized with ordinary mechanical performance, also has general machinery, memory, intelligence tern ary machinery. The second category is the need to manually do it, called the operation of aircraft. I t originated in the atom, military industry, first through the operation of

30、machines to complete a pa rticular job, and later developed to operate using radio signals to carry out detecting machines suc h as the Moon. Used in industrial manipulator also fall into this category. The third category is ded icated manipulator, the main subsidiary of the automatic machines or au

31、tomatic lines, to solve the machine up and down the workpiece material and delivery. This mechanical hand in foreign count ries known as the "Mechanical Hand", which is the host of services, from the host-driven; excepti on of a few outside the working procedures are generally fixed, and t

32、herefore special.Main features:First, mechanical hand (the upper and lower material robot, assembly robot, handling robot, stac king robot, help robot, vacuum handling machines, vacuum suction crane, labor-saving spreader, p neumatic balancer, etc.).Second, cantilever cranes (cantilever crane, elect

33、ric chain hoist crane, air balance the hanging, e tc.)Third, rail-type transport system (hanging rail, light rail, single girder cranes, double-beam cran e)Four, industrial machinery, application of handManipulator in the mechanization and automation of the production process developed a new ty pe o

34、f device. In recent years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of robot development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technology , which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the com bination of

35、 mechanization and automation.Although the robot is not as flexible as staff, but it has to the continuous duplication of work an d labor, I do not know fatigue, not afraid of danger, the power snatch weight characteristics when compared with manual large, therefore, mechanical hand has been of grea

36、t importance to many se ctors, and increasingly has been applied widely, for example:(1) Machining the workpiece loading and unloading, especially in the automatic lathe, combinat ion machine tool use is more common.(2) In the assembly operations are widely used in the electronics industry, it can b

37、e used to asse mble printed circuit boards, in the machinery industry It can be used to assemble parts and compo nents.(3) The working conditions may be poor, monotonous, repetitive easy to sub-fatigue working e nvironment to replace human labor.(4) May be in dangerous situations, such as military g

38、oods handling, dangerous goods and haza rdous materials removal and so on.(5) Universe and ocean development.(6) , military engineering and biomedical research and testing.Help mechanical hands: also known as the balancer, balance suspended, labor-saving spreader, ma nual Transfer machine is a kind

39、of weightlessness of manual load system, a novel, time-saving tec hnology for material handling operations booster equipment, belonging to kinds of non-standard d esign of series products. Customer application needs, creating customized cases. Manual operation of a simulation of the automatic machin

40、ery, it can be a fixed program draws 、handling objects o r perform household tools to accomplish certain specific actions. Application of robot can replace t he people engaged in monotonous 、 repetitive or heavy manual labor, the mechanization and aut omation of production, instead of people in haza

41、rdous environments manual operation, improving working conditions and ensure personal safety. The late 20th century, 40, the United States atomic energy experiments, the first use of radioactive material handling robot, human robot in a safe roo m to manipulate various operations and experimentation

42、. 50 years later, manipulator and gradually extended to industrial production sector, for the temperatures, polluted areas, and loading and unl oading to take place the work piece material, but also as an auxiliary device in automatic machine tools, machine tools, automatic production lines and proc

43、essing center applications, the completio n of the upper and lower material, or From the library take place knife knife and so on according t o fixed procedures for the replacement operation. Robot body mainly by the hand and sports instit utions. Agencies with the use of hands and operation of obje

44、cts of different occasions, often there are clamping 、 support and adsorption type of care. Movement organs are generally hydraulic pn eumatic 、 electrical device drivers. Manipulator can be achieved independently retractable 、rotation and lifting movements, generally 2 to 3 degrees of freedom. Robo

45、ts are widely used in me tallurgical industry, machinery manufacture, light industry and atomic energy sectors.Can mimic some of the staff and arm motor function, a fixd procedure for the capture, handling objects or operating tools, automatic operation device. It can replace human labor in order to

46、 achie ve the production of heavy mechanization and automation that can operate in hazardous environm ents to protect the personal safety, which is widely used in machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, e lectronics, light industry and nuclear power sectors. Mechanical hand tools or other equipment co

47、mmonly used for additional devices, such as the automatic machines or automatic production line handling and transmission of the workpiece, the replacement of cutting tools in machining centers, etc. generally do not have a separate control device. Some operating devices require direct manip ulation

48、 by humans; such as the atomic energy sector performs household hazardous materials used in the master-slave manipulator is also often referred to as mechanical hand.Manipulator mainly by hand and sports institutions. Task of hand is holding the workpiece (or t ool) components, according to grasping

49、 objects by shape, size, weight, material and operational re quirements of a variety of structural forms, such as clamp type, type and adsorption-based care suc h as holding. Sports organizations, so that the completion of a variety of hand rotation (swing), mo bile or compound movements to achieve

50、the required action, to change the location of objects by g rasping and posture.Robot is the automated production of a kind used in the process of crawling and moving piece f eatures automatic device, which is mechanized and automated production process developed a ne w type of device. In recent yea

51、rs, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of ro bot development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technol ogy, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the combination of mechanization and auto

52、mation. Robot can replace humans completed the risk of d uplication of boring work, to reduce human labor intensity and improve labor productivity. Manip ulator has been applied more and more widely, in the machinery industry, it can be used for parts a ssembly, work piece handling, loading and unlo

53、ading, particularly in the automation of CNC mach ine tools, modular machine tools more commonly used. At present, the robot has developed into a FMS flexible manufacturing systems and flexible manufacturing cell in an important component o f the FMC. The machine tool equipment and machinery in hand

54、 together constitute a flexible man ufacturing system or a flexible manufacturing cell, it was adapted to small and medium volume pr oduction, you can save a huge amount of the work piece conveyor device, compact, and adaptable. When the work piece changes, flexible production system is very easy to

55、 change will help enterpr ises to continuously update the marketable variety, improve product quality, and better adapt to ma rket competition. At present, China's industrial robot technology and its engineering application le vel and comparable to foreign countries there is a certain distance,

56、application and industrializatio n of the size of the low level of robot research and development of a direct impact on raising the le vel of automation in China, from the economy, technical considerations are very necessary. Theref ore, the study of mechanical hand design is very meaningful.外文資料翻譯譯

57、文機械手 機械手是近幾十年發(fā)展起來的一種高科技自動化生產(chǎn)設備。 工業(yè)機械手是工 業(yè)機器人的一個重要分支。它的特點是可通過編程來完成各種預期的作業(yè)任務， 在構(gòu)造和性能上兼有人和機器各自的優(yōu)點， 尤其體現(xiàn)了人的智能和適應性。 機械 手作業(yè)的準確性和各種環(huán)境中完成作業(yè)的能力， 在國民經(jīng)濟各領域有著廣闊的發(fā) 展前景。隨著工業(yè)自動化的發(fā)展 , 出現(xiàn)了數(shù)控加工中心 ,它在減輕工人的勞動強度 的同時, 大大提高了勞動生產(chǎn)率。 但數(shù)控加工中常見的上下料工序 , 通常仍采用人 工操作或傳統(tǒng)繼電器控制的半自動化裝置。前者費時費工、效率低 ; 后者因設計 復雜, 需較多繼電器,接線繁雜, 易受車體振動干擾 ,而存在

58、可靠性差、故障多、維 修困難等問題?？删幊绦蚩刂破?PLC 控制的上下料機械手控制系統(tǒng)動作簡便、 線路設計合理、具有較強的抗干擾能力 , 保證了系統(tǒng)運行的可靠性 ,降低了維修 率, 提高了工作效率。機械手技術涉及到力學、機械學、電氣液壓技術、自動控 制技術、傳感器技術和計算機技術等科學領域，是一門跨學科綜合技術。1工業(yè)機械手的概述機械手是一種能自動化定位控制并可重新編程序以變動的多功能機器， 它有 多個自由度， 可用來搬運物體以完成在各個不同環(huán)境中工作。 在工資水平較低的 中國，塑料制品行業(yè)盡管仍屬于勞動力密集型，機械手的使用已經(jīng)越來越普及。 那些電子和汽車業(yè)的歐美跨國公司很早就在它們設在中國

59、的工廠中引進了自動 化生產(chǎn)。但現(xiàn)在的變化是那些分布在工業(yè)密集的華南、 華東沿海地區(qū)的中國本土 塑料加工廠也開始對機械手表現(xiàn)出越來越濃厚的興趣， 因為他們要面對工人流失 率高，以及為工人交工傷費帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。隨著我國工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的飛躍發(fā)展， 特別是改革開發(fā)以后， 自動化程度的迅速提 高，實現(xiàn)工件的裝卸、轉(zhuǎn)向、輸送或操作釬焊、噴槍、扳手等工具進行加工、裝 配等作業(yè)自化，已愈來愈引起我們重視。機械手是模仿著人手的部分動作， 按給定的程序、軌跡和要求實現(xiàn)自動抓取、 搬運或操作的自動機械裝置。在現(xiàn)實生活中， 你是否會發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一個問題。 在機械工廠里， 加工零件裝料的時 候是不是很煩的，勞動生產(chǎn)率不高， 生產(chǎn)成本大，有時候還會發(fā)生一些人為事故， 導致加工者受傷。 想想看用什么可以來代替呢， 加工的時候只要有幾個人巡視一 下，且可以二十四個小時飽和運作， 人行嗎？回答是肯定的， 但是機械手可以來 代替它。生產(chǎn)中應用機械手可以提高生產(chǎn)的自動化水平和勞動生產(chǎn)率; 可以減輕勞動強度、保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、 實現(xiàn)安全生產(chǎn)； 尤其是在高溫、 高壓、低溫、低壓、 粉塵、