賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

1、賓語(yǔ)從句的用法一、定義 ：賓語(yǔ)從句就是一個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)部分是由另一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)。賓語(yǔ)從句需要 用引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。學(xué)好賓語(yǔ)從句，必須過(guò)“三關(guān)” 。即引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)、語(yǔ)序關(guān)、時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)。二、引導(dǎo)詞關(guān) ： 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為三類(lèi)，即 :1）若賓語(yǔ)從句為陳述語(yǔ)氣， 則用 that 引導(dǎo)。That 在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分， 也無(wú)實(shí)義， 只是起到連接的作用。通常在 say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel 等動(dòng)詞后加 that，引導(dǎo) 賓語(yǔ)從句。連詞 that 在口語(yǔ)中常被省略。如： He said that he was a

2、 student.I thought that he was wrong. 注意： A） 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的 that ?？梢允÷?,但下列情況下不能省略。（ 1） and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句，除第一個(gè)從句中的that 以外,后面從句中的that 不能省略。如： I know （that） he is a good student and that he likes basketball.（ 2）、that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)， that 不能省略。 如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（ 3）、主

3、句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與 that 從句之間有插入語(yǔ)， that 不可省略。 如： We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.B） 若賓語(yǔ)后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，則賓語(yǔ)從句要放到補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，在賓補(bǔ)前用形式賓語(yǔ) it. 常 常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有 find,feel,consider,make,believe 等。 如： He doesn' t want it to be knownt hat he is going away.I consider it necessary that he should do it a

4、gain.C） 賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy,guess 等表示主觀(guān)看法或認(rèn)識(shí)的動(dòng)詞 ,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)而且為一般現(xiàn) 在時(shí) ,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái)。其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致.如：I don ' t think he will come to my party（. 而不能說(shuō)成 I think he won ' t come to my pa）rty.I don ' t believe thhaet is a good s

5、tudent, is he? 我認(rèn)為他不是個(gè)好學(xué)生，不是嗎？I don ' t think you are right.I don ' t believe that they have finished their work.比較： she believes that I am not a good student.2）表示一般疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣 ,含有“是否,能否”的意思。由從屬連詞 whether 和 if引導(dǎo),二者通 ?？梢曰Q。如： I don't know whether/if I should go to the party tomorrow. 注意：在以下情況中，只

6、能用whether。A）在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用 whether 如： I can ' t decide whether to stay.B）在 whether or no的t 固定搭配中，只能用 whether 。 如： I want to know whether she is a student or not.C）在介詞后，只能用 whether。 如： His father is worried about whether he has lost his work .3）表示特殊疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。特殊疑問(wèn)詞包括疑問(wèn)代詞和疑問(wèn)副詞。A) 疑問(wèn)代詞包括 what,who, w

7、hom, which,whose, whoever, whatever, whichever 等 .。 如： Do you know who （whom） they are waiting for?I don't know what they want.John told me which girl he liked most.I want to know whose father that old man is.I will give you whatever you want.You can meet whoever you want to see.You can choose w

8、hichever you like.B） 疑問(wèn)副詞包括 when, where, how, why, whenever,wherever,however 等。 如： Could you tell me how we can get to the station?He told me when we should go to the airport.I told him where he should go.I don't know why he is so angry.You can come whenever you are free.You can go wherever you

9、like.4）另外：賓語(yǔ)從句可做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ) ,介詞賓語(yǔ) ,及某些形容詞甚至是副詞的賓語(yǔ) . 例如：1、He said that he was a student.（that從句是 said的賓語(yǔ) ）2、賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，常常有兩種情況：A） wh- 類(lèi)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句如： We are talking about where we should go.（ 疑問(wèn)代詞 where 從句作介詞 about 的賓語(yǔ) ） The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done. （疑問(wèn)代詞 what 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 時(shí)介詞 with 的賓語(yǔ)）B） 用

10、 that,whether 引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句如： except,but,besides 三個(gè)介詞后常?？梢砸?jiàn)到 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he works in a school.We are talking about whether we should go camping.3 、常常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有:sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid,satisfied, surprised 。That 常?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾?I am

11、 sure （ that） I will pass the exam.Mary was pleased （that） she had passed the final exam. （that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句是形容詞 pleased 的賓語(yǔ) ）4、 I will find out where he has gone（where 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作副詞 out 的賓語(yǔ) ）.三、語(yǔ)序關(guān)作賓語(yǔ)從句的句子不管原來(lái)是什么語(yǔ)序， 在充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)都要用陳述語(yǔ)序， 即：“引 導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+其他”。如： 1、 Tom said. +He is reading a book. Tom said that

12、 he was reading a book.2、 He asks me. +Are they playing a game? He asks me if/whether they are playing a game. （賓語(yǔ)從句，陳述語(yǔ)序）3、Where is the hospital? He told me. He told me Where the Hospital was.4、I don't know who he is四、時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，既：1）主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如： I think he is a clever b

13、oy.I think he has gone to Beijing.I think he bought the book yesterday.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句必須用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前， 則從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。如： he said he was reading.He said he would go to Beijing tomorrow.He forgot whether he had locked the door.對(duì)比理解下列幾組句子：例 :1）She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.2）She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3）She says that she has finished her homework already.She said that she had finished her homework already.4）She says that she can sing a song in English. She