賓語從句的用法

1、賓語從句的用法一、定義 ：賓語從句就是一個句子的賓語部分是由另一個句子來充當。賓語從句需要 用引導詞來引導。學好賓語從句，必須過“三關” 。即引導詞關、語序關、時態(tài)關。二、引導詞關 ： 引導賓語從句的引導詞分為三類，即 :1）若賓語從句為陳述語氣， 則用 that 引導。That 在從句中不充當任何成分， 也無實義， 只是起到連接的作用。通常在 say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel 等動詞后加 that，引導 賓語從句。連詞 that 在口語中常被省略。如： He said that he was a

2、 student.I thought that he was wrong. 注意： A） 引導賓語從句的 that ?？梢允÷?,但下列情況下不能省略。（ 1） and連接兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句，除第一個從句中的that 以外,后面從句中的that 不能省略。如： I know （that） he is a good student and that he likes basketball.（ 2）、that引導的賓語從句作介詞賓語時， that 不能省略。 如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（ 3）、主

3、句謂語動詞與 that 從句之間有插入語， that 不可省略。 如： We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.B） 若賓語后面有賓語補語，則賓語從句要放到補語之后，在賓補前用形式賓語 it. 常 常這樣用的動詞有 find,feel,consider,make,believe 等。 如： He doesn' t want it to be knownt hat he is going away.I consider it necessary that he should do it a

4、gain.C） 賓語從句的否定轉移。 當主句的謂語動詞是 think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy,guess 等表示主觀看法或認識的動詞 ,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn) 在時 ,從句的否定詞一般要轉移到主句上來。其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.如：I don ' t think he will come to my party（. 而不能說成 I think he won ' t come to my pa）rty.I don ' t believe thhaet is a good s

5、tudent, is he? 我認為他不是個好學生，不是嗎？I don ' t think you are right.I don ' t believe that they have finished their work.比較： she believes that I am not a good student.2）表示一般疑問語氣 ,含有“是否,能否”的意思。由從屬連詞 whether 和 if引導,二者通 ?？梢曰Q。如： I don't know whether/if I should go to the party tomorrow. 注意：在以下情況中，只

6、能用whether。A）在動詞不定式之前只能用 whether 如： I can ' t decide whether to stay.B）在 whether or no的t 固定搭配中，只能用 whether 。 如： I want to know whether she is a student or not.C）在介詞后，只能用 whether。 如： His father is worried about whether he has lost his work .3）表示特殊疑問語氣由特殊疑問詞引導。特殊疑問詞包括疑問代詞和疑問副詞。A) 疑問代詞包括 what,who, w

7、hom, which,whose, whoever, whatever, whichever 等 .。 如： Do you know who （whom） they are waiting for?I don't know what they want.John told me which girl he liked most.I want to know whose father that old man is.I will give you whatever you want.You can meet whoever you want to see.You can choose w

8、hichever you like.B） 疑問副詞包括 when, where, how, why, whenever,wherever,however 等。 如： Could you tell me how we can get to the station?He told me when we should go to the airport.I told him where he should go.I don't know why he is so angry.You can come whenever you are free.You can go wherever you

9、like.4）另外：賓語從句可做動詞賓語 ,介詞賓語 ,及某些形容詞甚至是副詞的賓語 . 例如：1、He said that he was a student.（that從句是 said的賓語 ）2、賓語從句作介詞的賓語，常常有兩種情況：A） wh- 類的介詞賓語從句如： We are talking about where we should go.（ 疑問代詞 where 從句作介詞 about 的賓語 ） The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done. （疑問代詞 what 引導的賓語從句 時介詞 with 的賓語）B） 用

10、 that,whether 引導的介詞賓語從句如： except,but,besides 三個介詞后常?？梢砸姷?that 引導的賓語從句。I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he works in a school.We are talking about whether we should go camping.3 、常常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有:sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid,satisfied, surprised 。That 常?？梢允÷?。如： I am

11、 sure （ that） I will pass the exam.Mary was pleased （that） she had passed the final exam. （that 引導的賓語從句是形容詞 pleased 的賓語 ）4、 I will find out where he has gone（where 引導的賓語從句作副詞 out 的賓語 ）.三、語序關作賓語從句的句子不管原來是什么語序， 在充當賓語從句時都要用陳述語序， 即：“引 導詞+主語 +謂語+賓語+其他”。如： 1、 Tom said. +He is reading a book. Tom said that

12、 he was reading a book.2、 He asks me. +Are they playing a game? He asks me if/whether they are playing a game. （賓語從句，陳述語序）3、Where is the hospital? He told me. He told me Where the Hospital was.4、I don't know who he is四、時態(tài)關賓語從句的時態(tài)。賓語從句的時態(tài)受主句的限制，既：1）主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實際情況而定。如： I think he is a clever b

13、oy.I think he has gone to Beijing.I think he bought the book yesterday.主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句必須用相應的過去的時態(tài)。如果從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前， 則從句要用過去完成時態(tài)。如： he said he was reading.He said he would go to Beijing tomorrow.He forgot whether he had locked the door.對比理解下列幾組句子：例 :1）She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.2）She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3）She says that she has finished her homework already.She said that she had finished her homework already.4）She says that she can sing a song in English. She