LED光源在景觀設(shè)計(jì)方案中的應(yīng)用外文翻譯完成

1、LED在景觀照明中的應(yīng)用LED光源除了無汞、節(jié)能、節(jié)材、對(duì)環(huán)境無電磁干擾、無有害射線五項(xiàng)優(yōu)點(diǎn) 之外，在照明領(lǐng)域中，特別是在景觀照明中，還有很多優(yōu)勢(shì)。女口：低壓供電一一 無高壓環(huán)節(jié)，為了絕緣的開銷要小得多，可靠性高；附件簡(jiǎn)單 無啟動(dòng)器、鎮(zhèn) 流器或超高壓變壓器；結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單一一具有固體光源的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)，不充氣，無玻璃 外殼，無氣體密封問題，耐沖擊；可控性好一一響應(yīng)時(shí)間快（微秒數(shù)量級(jí)），可 反復(fù)頻繁亮滅，基本無惰性，不會(huì)疲倦；色彩純厚一一由半導(dǎo)體PN結(jié)自身產(chǎn)生色彩，純正，濃厚；色彩豐富一一三基色加數(shù)碼技術(shù)，可演變?nèi)我馍?；輕質(zhì)結(jié) 構(gòu)一一節(jié)材，節(jié)約費(fèi)用；對(duì)燈具強(qiáng)度和剛度要求很低；一一體積小巧 大的LED 燈

2、具可看成由LED細(xì)胞組成，最小的LED僅為平方毫米數(shù)量級(jí)或更?。蝗嵝曰?LED光源的精巧，使LED能適應(yīng)各種幾何尺寸和不同空間大小的裝飾照明要 求，諸如：點(diǎn)、線、面、球、異形式，乃至任意藝術(shù)造型的燈光雕塑；可見， LED 不愧為21世紀(jì)綠色照明的驕子。LED景觀裝飾燈具研發(fā)的特點(diǎn)由于 LED具有上述一系列優(yōu)勢(shì)，LED在景觀燈 具的研發(fā)方面主要有以下幾個(gè)方向：園林燈，步道燈，地埋燈，小型射燈，草坪 燈，快車道分道地?zé)?，壁燈等。光源采?LED并結(jié)合變幻控制，可升級(jí)對(duì)景觀 的烘托，使其更具藝術(shù)品位。非標(biāo)異形景觀燈具的開發(fā)，在景觀照明中，燈具安 裝要保護(hù)景觀和環(huán)境，防止燈具有礙觀瞻，要做到白天美化

3、，夜幕下藝術(shù)亮化。 這就需要燈具的結(jié)構(gòu)與安裝因景制宜， 因建筑特色制宜，很多標(biāo)準(zhǔn)燈具是滿足不 了以上要求的。LED燈具設(shè)計(jì)的柔性化，特別適合因景制宜的非標(biāo)燈具設(shè)計(jì)，使 景觀照明與景觀協(xié)調(diào)，達(dá)到美化環(huán)境的新水平。藝術(shù)化景觀燈具開發(fā)燈具本身就是一種造型藝術(shù)，而LED光源將更能使景觀 燈具的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)意達(dá)到更高境界。由于LED的可控性好，色彩豐富，與微電子技術(shù) 實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化控制，可以構(gòu)思出各種色彩繽紛、動(dòng)感節(jié)奏歡快、旋律優(yōu)美的景觀燈 具。如：LED霹靂燈，比氣體放電型霹靂燈要長(zhǎng)壽得多，又不易損壞，而且色彩 豐富。又如：LED風(fēng)車燈，只需微機(jī)智能控制，就可實(shí)現(xiàn)“無風(fēng)時(shí)”飛速旋轉(zhuǎn)， 并且還能實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)變速和換色

4、的美妙變幻。 類似這樣的構(gòu)思，只要有靈感，都能 實(shí)現(xiàn)。燈光雕塑類的開發(fā)，任何仿真的、仿生的、漫畫的、卡通的、商業(yè)的、旅游 的等等的各種燈光雕塑，均可結(jié)合LED和聲響技術(shù)以及微電子控制，必要時(shí)還可 再加上機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)，開發(fā)出一系列吸引人們眼球的景觀燈光雕塑。LED景觀照明的智能化控制技術(shù)，LED景觀照明的智能化控制技術(shù)，屬于模 擬或數(shù)碼技術(shù)、或微機(jī)控制技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，多數(shù)為緊湊型或嵌入式系統(tǒng)。特點(diǎn)：可靠性高，價(jià)格優(yōu)；變化花樣繁多；既有單燈控制，又有群控模式； 非標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)很多；長(zhǎng)或超長(zhǎng)燈具多（如：長(zhǎng)光帶，很多壁燈線狀布局情況）；與 LED顯示屏技術(shù)有很多不同之處。根據(jù)景觀美化的要求，變幻控制模式，給人以

5、豐富多彩，旋律優(yōu)美，節(jié)奏歡 快的感受，有時(shí)芯至給人以撼動(dòng)人心的強(qiáng)烈刺激。根據(jù)LED可控性好，色彩豐富的特點(diǎn)，色彩構(gòu)成幾乎無限。按照三基色原理 加數(shù)字灰度控制技術(shù)，原理上可演變出幾乎超越大自然存在的任意色彩。例如： 三基色LED，如只米用二級(jí)灰度控制，即：明和暗，可實(shí)現(xiàn)8種色彩演變；又如： 三基色LED采用三級(jí)灰度控制，即：明、中、暗，可實(shí)現(xiàn) 27種色彩變幻；再如：三基色LED如都采用八位數(shù)碼的灰度控制，色彩種類竟達(dá)到了令人吃驚的 程度，達(dá)1677萬種，連每一種顏色的名字你都來不及命名。目前，LED丁具的電子控制結(jié)構(gòu)，主要有五大類或更多：?jiǎn)螣艨刂?、群燈?制、長(zhǎng)或超長(zhǎng)跨距燈控制、聲響控制、感應(yīng)控

6、制。就壽命表現(xiàn)度而言，硅樹脂可以達(dá)到延長(zhǎng)白光LED使用壽命的目標(biāo)，甚至可 以達(dá)到4萬小時(shí)以上的使用壽命，但是，是不是真的適合用來做照明的應(yīng)用就還 有待研究，因?yàn)楣铇渲蔷哂袕椥缘娜彳洸牧希?所以在封裝的過程中，需要特別 注意應(yīng)用的方式，而來設(shè)計(jì)出最適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)用技術(shù)。對(duì)于未來應(yīng)用的方面，提高白光LED的光輸出效率將會(huì)是決勝的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。白 光LED的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，從過去的藍(lán)色LED和黃色的YAG熒光體的組合，開發(fā)出仿真 白光的目標(biāo)，到利用三色混合或者使用 GaN材料，開發(fā)出白光LED對(duì)于應(yīng)用來 說，已經(jīng)可以看的出將會(huì)朝向更廣泛的方向擴(kuò)展。另外，白光LED的發(fā)光效率，這些年已經(jīng)有了不錯(cuò)的的發(fā)展，日本LED照

7、明 推進(jìn)協(xié)會(huì)目標(biāo)是，期望能夠預(yù)計(jì)在2009年達(dá)到100lm/w的發(fā)光效率，而事實(shí)上， 有相當(dāng)多的業(yè)者都在朝向這方面開發(fā)，所以預(yù)計(jì)在數(shù)年內(nèi)， 100lm/w發(fā)光效率就 能夠?qū)嶋H上商業(yè)化應(yīng)用。LED微電子控制電路優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的焦點(diǎn)在于：可靠、價(jià)優(yōu)，采用通用元器件，來源豐富。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)或超長(zhǎng)跨距燈的控制除以上要求，還要有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如：數(shù)十 米，百米乃至千米以上的光帶或線狀布局的點(diǎn)光源。優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)還有：在運(yùn)動(dòng)控制上，要色彩豐富，變幻多姿，既含跳變，又有漸變，同時(shí)還要最大限度地 減少訊導(dǎo)線。LED發(fā)展中要攻克的主要問題LED進(jìn)入照明領(lǐng)域是新生事物，具有劃時(shí)代的意義。但是，與任何新技術(shù)一樣，LED還存在一些急

8、需完善的方面。1）研發(fā)LED高功率點(diǎn)光源國(guó)際上，Phlips、GE OSRA等大公司都有雙端 的球形HID產(chǎn)品，這是目前世界上最先進(jìn)的大功率 HID光源，特別是Phlips公 司基于這種光源的體育場(chǎng)館燈具，燈具效率和配光曲線非常優(yōu)秀。盡管LED有很 多獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，但目前這方面卻是空白。高功率密度的點(diǎn)狀光源對(duì)用于半導(dǎo)體發(fā) 光原理的LED可能是一個(gè)很大的技術(shù)難點(diǎn)。2 ）發(fā)展高效率、高功率因數(shù)、價(jià)優(yōu)的緊湊型模塊化LED電源，LED供電簡(jiǎn)便，既可直流供電，又可脈沖供電。沒有HID和高壓霓虹燈的一系列麻煩。目前, 低效率的供電系統(tǒng)，拖了 LED的后腿，節(jié)能水平大打折扣。開關(guān)電源從 70年代 的20KHZ

9、的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)到目前已達(dá)到1MHZ上的軟開關(guān)技術(shù)，問題關(guān)鍵在于如何做到 質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)廉。3）發(fā)展新型LED混光、混色技術(shù)LED光源，單位體積很小，在很多場(chǎng)合 明顯是優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但有時(shí)又是缺點(diǎn)。如：在 LED平面型光源上，通常出現(xiàn)點(diǎn)狀光斑以 及混色不均勻現(xiàn)象。目前，混光、混色存在的問題是：混光、混色的均勻水平與 透光率的矛盾。這個(gè)問題也是阻礙LED發(fā)展的因素，主要是材料的原因，急待攻 克，對(duì)LED景觀燈具實(shí)用性有很重要的意義。LED進(jìn)入照明領(lǐng)域，是照明技術(shù)的革命性飛躍。 LED對(duì)綠色照明發(fā)展的歷史 性貢獻(xiàn)，將絲豪不遜于從電子管時(shí)代到晶體管時(shí)代的飛躍， 即使評(píng)價(jià)為如同晶體 管跨越到大規(guī)模集成電路的巨變一樣，也毫不夸張

10、。在景觀照明方面，LED有著更為獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，可以深信，LED景觀燈具將沿 著多學(xué)科交叉融合的大道，朝著藝術(shù)化、智能化、柔性化的方向快速發(fā)展。作者：王濱LED光源在景觀設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用照明設(shè)計(jì)，2008年5月20日LED lighting in the landscape ofApart from the mercury-free LED light source, saving energy, materials, environmental non-electromagnetic interferenee, non-harmful rays five advantage, fields in l

11、ighting, especially in Iandscape lighting, there are many advantages. Such as: low-voltage power supply - no high-pressure areas, in order to in sulati on costs much less, high reliability annex simple - no starter, ballast or EHV transformer; simple structure - a solid source of the greatest adva n

12、tages , Non-carb on ated, non-glass case, no gas seali ng problems, impact resista nee; con trollable good - fast resp onse time (microsecond order of magnitude) can be repeated frequently-out, basically inert, will not be tired; color Chun hou - Semic on ductor PN jun cti on produce their own color

13、, pure, stron g, rich colors - plus three primary colors of digital tech no logy, evoluti on of arbitrary color; light structure - wood, cost-saving; lamps on strength and stiffness requirements of very low The compact size of the LED lamps can be seen as the LED cells, only the smallest LED mm2 ord

14、er of magnitude or less; flexible good - LED light source of the compact, LED can adapt to all kinds of different size and geometry of space size The decorative lighting requirements, such as: point, line, surface, the ball, different forms, and any form of art lighting sculpture; visible, LED is wo

15、rthy of a gree n lighti ng of the 21st cen tury proud.LED decorative Iandscape lighting research and development due to the characteristics of the LED with a series of advantages, LED lamps in the Iandscape of research and developme nt mai nly in the followi ng direct ions: garde n lights, path ligh

16、ts, lamps and buried, small spotlights, Caop ing Deng, the Fast-Track Road Lamps, wall lamp, and so on. Source use LED, comb ined with cha nges in con trol, upgrad ing the Hongtuo on the Iandscape, making them more artistic tastes. Non-standard profiled the developme nt of Ian dscape lighti ng, la n

17、dscape lighti ng, lamps in stalled to protect the Iandscape and environment, the prevention of lighting the visual impact, in order to beautify the day, under the artistic Lianghua night. This requires installation of lamps because of the structure and system to King, the architectural features to t

18、he system, many can not meet the standard lamps is more than required. LED lamps designed flexible, especially for the system to King because of the non-standard lighti ng desig n, Ian dscape lighti ng and visual coord in ati on, beautify the en vir onment to achieve a new level.Art of Landscape Lig

19、hting lamps is itself a development of Visual Arts, and the LED light source can be more creative art of Iandscape lighting to a higher realm. As the con trollable LED good, rich colors, and microelectro nic tech no logy in tellige nt control, to all kinds of ideas can be colourful and exciting joyf

20、ul rhythm, melody beautiful landscape lighting. Such as: LED lights Perak, Perak than the gas-discharge lamps to be much more Iongevity, not damaged, and rich colors. Another example: LED lights winds, just intelligent computer control, we can achieve "No wind at the" rapid rotation, and a

21、lso enables automatic transmission and for the wonderful color cha nges. Similar ideas, as long as the in spirati on, can achieve.Lighting sculpture category of development, any of the simulation, bionics, comics, carto ons, commercial, tourism and so on the various light ing sculpture, and sound ca

22、n be comb ined LED tech no logy and microelectr onics con trol, when n ecessary,together with On the mecha ni cal and electrical in tegrati on tech no logy, developed to attract people's atte nti on a series of Ian dscape light ing sculptures. LED lighti ng Ian dscape of in tellige nt con trol t

23、ech no logy, LED lighti ng Ian dscape of in tellige nt con trol tech no logy, a digital or an alog tech no logy, or computer con trol tech no logy, for the most compact or embedded systems.Characteristics: high reliability, excellent prices; many changes in patterns; existing single-light control, a

24、nother group control mode; many non-standard design; long long lamps or more (such as: long-zone, many Wall linear layout) ; LED display tech no logy and a lot of differe nee.Accord ing to the Ian dscap ing requireme nts, cha nges in con trol mode, gives to rich and colorful, beautiful melody, rhyth

25、m joyful feeli ngs, sometimes to shake the core to give people a stro ng boost.Accord ing to LED con trollable, and the characteristics of rich color, color con stitute almost unlimited. In accordance with the principles of the three primary colors and gray-scale digital con trol tech no logy, on th

26、e prin ciple of evoluti on to be almost beyond the arbitrary nature color. For example: three color LED, such as using only two gray-scale control, namely: the dark and can achieve eight kinds of color evolution; Another example: three color LED, a three-gray control, namely: that in the dark, To ac

27、hieve 27 kinds of color cha nges; Ano ther example: three color LED, such as the use of the eight digital control of gray, color categories has reached an alarming level, reach ing 16.77 milli on kin ds, eve n the n ames of every color you are too late Named.Currently, LED lamps electronic control s

28、tructure, there are five or more categories: sin gle-light con trol, light con trol group, or super- long spa n of con trol of lights, no ise con trol, sen sor con trol.On the performance of life, the silicone can be achieved to extend the service life of white LED target, or even reach more than 40

29、,000 hours of life, but is not really suited to do the lighting on the application of research still needs to be, because the silicone Is a flexible soft material, so in the packaging process, the need to pay special attention to application of the way, from designing the most appropriate applicatio

30、n of tech no logy.For the future of the area, improve white LED light output efficiency will be key to winning the point. White LED producti on tech niq ues, from a blue LED and a yellow YAG phosphor mix, developed a simulation of the white target, the use of colour or mixed use of GaN materials, de

31、veloped a white LED, the applications have already Will be read out in the direct ion towards a more exte nsive expa nsion.In addition, the luminous efficiency white LED, which has been good in the development of LED lighting promoting the Japan Association goal is to look forward to in 2009 is expe

32、cted to reach 100 lm / w the luminous efficiency, and in fact, a considerable number of In the industry towards the development of this area, is expected in the next few years, 100 lm / w luminous efficiency can actually commercial applicati ons.LED micro-electronic control circuit design optimizati

33、on of the focus is: reliable, the price of dist in cti ons, using com mon comp onen ts, sources of wealth. The len gth or long spa n of con trol lights in additi on to the above requireme nts, but also has the following advantages, such as: Shu Shimi, 100 meters and 1,000 meters above the band or li

34、near layout of the point source. Optimal Design of the objectives are: motion control, it is necessary to colourful, bringing amazing visual images, both of tran siti on, have graded, but also to mini mize - wire.LED development of the main issues to be tackled into the LED lighting is new to the ar

35、ea, is of epoch-making significanee. However, as with any new tech no logy, LED there are still some areas in urge nt n eed of improveme nt.1) research and developme nt of high power LED light source at the intern ati onal level, Phlips, GE, OSRAN and other big companies have double-spherical HID pr

36、oducts, which is curre ntly the world's most adva need high-power HID light sources, especially Phlips company based on this source of sports Venues lamps, lamp efficie ncy and with very good light curve. Although LED many unique adva ntages, but this area is bla nk. High-power den sity point fo

37、r the semic on ductor LED light source on the principle of LED may be a lot of technical difficulties.2) the development of high efficiency, high power factor, the price of gifted compact modular power LED, LED power supply is simple, can DC power supply, power supply can pulse. HID no neon lights a

38、nd a series of high-pressure troubles. At prese nt, the low efficie ncy of the power supply system, dragged dow n by the LED, greatly reduced the level of energy. Switching power supply from the 1970s to 20 KHZ the sta ndard has now reached more tha n 1 MHZ the soft-switch tech no logy, the crux of the problem is how to achieve quality and cheap.3) the developme nt of new LED mixed light, ble nding tech ni cal LED light