史蒂芬.J.奧布萊恩(Stephen J. OBrien)博士簡(jiǎn)介

1、史蒂芬.J.奧布萊恩（Stephen J. OBrien）博士簡(jiǎn)介 史蒂芬.J.奧布萊恩（Stephen J. OBrien）博士是美國(guó)科學(xué)界的傳奇性人物；自1986年以來(lái)一直擔(dān)任美國(guó)國(guó)立健康研究院(National Cancer Institute, NIH)國(guó)立腫瘤研究所(National Institutes of Health, NCI)基因組多樣性實(shí)驗(yàn)室（Laboratory of Genomic Diversity）主任。 OBrien博士在國(guó)際上廣為認(rèn)可的貢獻(xiàn)涵蓋了包括了人類遺傳學(xué)、比較遺傳學(xué)、進(jìn)化生物學(xué)、病毒學(xué)及物種保護(hù)等研究領(lǐng)域。通過(guò)與他的學(xué)生和同事的合作，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了包括癌基因

2、、病毒抵抗基因和遺傳病基因在內(nèi)的超過(guò)200種人類基因；繪制了用于比較基因組研究的家貓基因組圖譜；發(fā)現(xiàn)了非洲獵豹中驚人的遺傳一致性并開啟了瀕危物種遺傳分析的先河；通過(guò)遺傳分析解析了大熊貓進(jìn)化史中的千古之謎并鑒定了猩猩、云豹和大象的新物種；繪制了胎生哺乳動(dòng)物的種系發(fā)生譜；首次報(bào)告了野生貓科動(dòng)物免疫缺陷病毒(AIDS)的流行病學(xué)并首先報(bào)告了第一個(gè)人類HIV-1感染和AIDS進(jìn)展的抵抗基因（CCR5-del32）。他的研究組已經(jīng)報(bào)告了20個(gè)顯著影響HIV暴露后果的AIDS限制性基因。 OBrien博士是美國(guó)藝術(shù)與科學(xué)院（American Academy of Arts and Science）院士、探

3、險(xiǎn)家俱樂(lè)部（Explorers Club ）和Cosmos俱樂(lè)部會(huì)員。他曾擔(dān)任美國(guó)國(guó)立腫瘤研究所科學(xué)家委員會(huì)主席和人類基因組計(jì)劃(HUGO)比較基因組圖國(guó)際委員會(huì)主席。他發(fā)起并主持了隸屬于史密森學(xué)會(huì)/國(guó)家動(dòng)物園的NOAHS協(xié)會(huì)旨在培養(yǎng)年輕一代科學(xué)家應(yīng)用生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)用于物種保護(hù)。 OBrien博士熱心于教育；已經(jīng)指導(dǎo)了12位博士、8位碩士和20位博士后。他是八所大學(xué)的客座教授（哈佛大學(xué)、約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)、馬里蘭大學(xué)、明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)、喬治華盛頓大學(xué)、科羅拉多州立大學(xué)、喬治梅森大學(xué)和北京大學(xué)）。 OBrien博士1966年在St. Francis College獲生物科學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位；1971年在康奈爾大

4、學(xué)獲哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位；在美國(guó)國(guó)立老年研究所(NIA)完成博士后訓(xùn)練后于1972年進(jìn)入美國(guó)國(guó)立腫瘤研究所。他分別于1971年和1998年獲St. Francis College杰出校友獎(jiǎng)和康奈爾大學(xué)“Andrew Dixon White Professor at Large”榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)。 OBrien博士是“遺傳圖譜：復(fù)雜基因組基因座圖”（第六版，Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press）的主編、Journal of Heredity (American Genetics Association)主編、Bulletin、Genomics、Human Genomics、Ma

5、mmalian Genome、Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution和 Cosmos等雜志副主編。他已在Nature、Science等雜志上發(fā)表了超過(guò)600篇科學(xué)論文、編寫了14章論著。2003年他出版了一本廣受歡迎的科學(xué)探險(xiǎn)著作“Tears of the Cheetah And Other Tales From The Genetic Frontier”（獵豹的眼淚及其他遺傳物語(yǔ)）；2007年他出版了涵蓋將近1000個(gè)哺乳動(dòng)物物種核型的“Atlas of Mammalian Chromosome”（哺乳動(dòng)物染色體地圖）。Stephen J. OBrien,

6、 Ph.D.Stephen J. OBrien has been Chief of the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH) since 1986.Dr. OBrien is internationally recognized for his research contributions in human and comparative genetics, evolutionary biology, AIDS,

7、virology, and species conservation. In collaboration with his students, fellows and colleagues his list of achievements include: gene discovery of over 200 human genes including oncogenes, virus resistance genes, and heredity diseases; development of the domestic cat gene map for comparative genome

8、analyses; discovery of the remarkable genetic uniformity of the African cheetah, a prelude to genetic assessment of endangered species; solving the century-old evolutionary riddle of the giant pandas evolutionary history; discovery of new species of orangutan, clouded leopard, and elephant; resolvin

9、g the phylogenetic hierarchy of placental mammals; documenting the epidemic prevalence of feline immunodeficiency (AIDS) virus among wild cat species; and description of the first human gene to affect HIV-1 infection and AIDS progression, CCR5-d32. His group has now identified twenty distinct AIDS R

10、estriction Genes that influence the outcome of exposure to HIV.Dr. OBrien was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Science, to the Explorers Club and to the Cosmos Club. He served as President of the NCI Assembly of Scientists, as Chairman of the International Committee on Comparative Gene Ma

11、pping for the Human Genome Organization (HUGO). Dr. OBrien founded and co-directs NOAHS (New Opportunities in Animal Health Sciences), a consortium of scientists and apprentices, part of the Smithsonian Institution/National Zoological Park, dedicated to applying biomedical technology on behalf of sp

12、ecies conservation and to training a generation of conservation biomedical scientists. Proposed through breakpoint parsimony the:Dr. OBrien has a strong dedication to education, having directed twelve Ph.D. dissertations, eight M.S. theses and twenty post-doctoral fellows. He was appointed adjunct p

13、rofessor at eight universities: Harvard University, The Johns Hopkins University, University of Maryland, University of Minnesota, George Washington University, Colorado State University, George Mason University and Peking University. Since 1996 he has directed an internationally heralded short cour

14、se sponsored by Smithsonian and American Genetics Association, entitled “Recent Advances in Conservation Genetics”, the most recent edition at The Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology Kailua, Hawaii.Dr. OBrien received his B.S. in Biology in 1966 from St. Francis College, which presented him with a Di

15、stinguished Alumni Award in 1994. In 1971 he earned a Ph.D. in Genetics from Cornell University which elected him as “Andrew Dixon White Professor at Large” in 1998. He served a postdoctoral fellowship at the National Institute of Aging before joining the National Cancer Institute in 1972. Today he

16、serves as Chief/Director of the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity at NCI-NIH.Dr. OBrien is the editor six editions of Genetic Maps: Locus Maps of Complex Genomes (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press); Executive Editor of Journal of Heredity (American Genetics Association); Associate Editor for Isozyme Bulletin, Genomics, Human Genomics, Mammalian Genome, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, and Cosmos. Dr. OBrien is the author or co-author of over 600 scientific articles and the editor or co-editor of fourteen volumes. In late 2003 he published a popular book of