現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)--延續(xù)性動詞

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：1. 相同點(diǎn)：都是過去發(fā)生的。2. 不同點(diǎn)：a. 側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)，屬現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范疇，它側(cè)重于過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；而一般過去時(shí)是一種過去的時(shí)態(tài)，側(cè)重于表示過去發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。例如：Yesterday I went to the zoo. 昨天我去了動物園。（僅說明昨天去了動物園，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)） He has read the book. 他已經(jīng)看過那本書。 （read這個(gè)動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在的影響是他已經(jīng)了解把本書的內(nèi)容） b. 連用的時(shí)間狀語不同：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有already, yet, sti

2、ll, just, so far, in the last/past, before, ever, never, since表示的時(shí)間和由for 引出的時(shí)間等；而一般過去時(shí)則常與ago, yesterday, last, in+年份， just now等連用。如： I read this book last month. 我上個(gè)月讀的這本書。 Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park?你們曾在公園里摘過花或踩過草地嗎？-just “剛剛“ ?？梢院同F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用 just now “剛才”只用于一般過去時(shí)如：I

3、 have just finished my homework.我剛剛做完作業(yè)。（在說話之前剛好完成，已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生結(jié)果了） Did you see Miss Gao just now？（強(qiáng)調(diào)看見的動作發(fā)生在剛才）-before 為副詞時(shí)長與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用 ago ,為副詞，表示從現(xiàn)在算起的過去某時(shí)間以前，用于“名詞詞組+ago”長與一般過去時(shí)連用 Tom has never seen a tiger before. Uncle Wang died a year ago.練習(xí)：1. When _you _(teach) English? I _English since 1982？2. Great

4、changes _ (take) place since liberation(解放)。3. Mr. Wang _ a car last year. (buy)4. Mr. Wang _ a car recently. (buy)5. _ you _the film yet? Yes, I _. I _ it last year. (see)6. His father _(die) already. His father _ (die) three years ago.注意：詢問某事過去發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間，具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)必須用一般過去時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不可與yesterday, last week ,tw

5、o days ago 等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Where did they leave for? 他們出發(fā)去了哪？Where did you buy this book? I bought it in the Xinhua bookshop last month. 二、 瞬間動詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有非延續(xù)性用法（即表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，常用瞬間動詞，也叫非延續(xù)性動詞。）-和延續(xù)性用法（即表示一個(gè)從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，長用延續(xù)性動詞），-而瞬間動詞不能用于延續(xù)性用法，如和一段時(shí)間連用必須將瞬間動詞換成延續(xù)性動詞。例如：她父母已經(jīng)死了十年了。(誤)Her parents h

6、ave died for ten years.（正）Her parents have been dead for ten years.其中die 為瞬間動詞，不能代表一個(gè)延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語for ten years連用.表示“死了一段時(shí)間”應(yīng)用die 的延續(xù)性動詞be dead,即：“have been dead for+時(shí)間段”結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)在看幾個(gè)例句：1. 這本書我買了兩年了。I have had the book for two years.(其中have 是buy 的延續(xù)性動詞)2. 我哥哥入黨一年了。 My brother has been in the Party

7、 for one year.（be in+組織是join 的延續(xù)性動詞）3.這本書你已經(jīng)借了三個(gè)月了。 You have kept the book for three months. （keep 是borrow或lend的延續(xù)性動詞）以上幾個(gè)句子，正是因?yàn)楹捅硎緯r(shí)間段或是說一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，所以動詞的形式要由瞬間動詞改成延續(xù)性動詞。-下面該說說時(shí)間段和時(shí)間點(diǎn)的概念了。 時(shí)間段：即某一段時(shí)間，如：three days (三天), twenty years(二十年)，five minutes(五分鐘)等，常用介詞for引出，即，for+時(shí)間段。時(shí)間點(diǎn)：即某一具體的時(shí)刻，如：three oclo

8、ck(三點(diǎn)鐘)，two years ago(兩年前)等，長用介詞，since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)，表示時(shí)間段，及一段時(shí)間。for+時(shí)間段, since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)都可以和完成時(shí)連用看看下面即幾個(gè)例子，請用for since 填空。1. His grandpa has been dead _ nine years.2. His grandpa has been dead _ nine years ago.3. I have been in China _ thirty years.4. I have been in China _ thirty years ago.5. Our hometown have changed greatly _ he came here.6. We have been good friends _ we were in Grade One.7. He has had the watch _ more than three days.-瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：1. buy-have 2. borrow/lend -keep3. go/leave -be away 4.begin/start -be on5. join -be in +組織 6. die -be dead -be a + member(成員) 7. close -be closed8